"Als Ochsenhautbarren (in zumeist \u00E4lteren Publikationen auch Keftiu\u00ADbarren; englisch Oxhide ingots) bezeichnet die Arch\u00E4ometallurgie eine f\u00FCr den weitr\u00E4umigen Fernhandel w\u00E4hrend der ostmediterranen Sp\u00E4tbronzezeit (zwischen 1600 und 1000 v. Chr.) geschaffene Gro\u00DFbarrenform, die auch als vormonet\u00E4res Zahlungsmittel (Primitivgeld) galt und meist aus Rohkupfer, selten aus Bronze hergestellt wurde. Die Kupferbarren in der Umrissform gespannter Rinderh\u00E4ute waren als Handelsgut weit verbreitet. Die antiken Barren bestehen aus fast reinem Kupfer und wiegen 20\u201340 kg, viele davon zwischen 29 und 30 kg, was zu Vermutungen f\u00FChrte, sie entspr\u00E4chen einem damaligen \u00E4g\u00E4ischen Talent. Daneben gibt es auch Ochsenhautbarren aus Zinn."@de . . "Lingotes couro de boi s\u00E3o placas de metal, geralmente de cobre mas \u00E0s vezes de estanho, produzidas e distribu\u00EDdas durante a Idade do Bronze Recente do mar Mediterr\u00E2neo. Sua forma se assemelha a pele de um boi com uma al\u00E7a saliente em cada um dos quatro cantos do lingote. Os produtores de lingotes provavelmente concebiam estas sali\u00EAncias para fazer os lingotes facilmente transport\u00E1veis nas costas dos animais de carga. Lingotes couro de boi completos ou parciais, foram descobertos na Sardenha, Creta, Peloponeso, Chipre, Canatelo na Sic\u00EDlia, Bo\u011Fazk\u00F6y na Turquia (Hatusa, antiga capital hitita), Cantir-Piramesse no Egito e Sozopol na Bulg\u00E1ria. Arque\u00F3logos recuperaram muitos lingotes couro de boi de dois naufr\u00E1gios na costa da Turquia (um em Uluburum e um no )."@pt . . "20207047"^^ . . . . . "Barren-Gott,_Enkomi,_12._Jh._v._Chr._C.jpg"@en . . . "Le Lingot \u00E0 peau de b\u0153uf est une plaque m\u00E9tallique, g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement en cuivre, mais parfois en \u00E9tain, largement produite et distribu\u00E9e dans le bassin m\u00E9diterran\u00E9en vers la fin de l'\u00C2ge du bronze. Sa forme ressemble \u00E0 une peau de b\u0153uf avec une poign\u00E9e saillante \u00E0 chacun des quatre coins. Au d\u00E9part certains supposaient que la valeur de chaque lingot \u00E9tait \u00E9quivalente \u00E0 celle d'un b\u0153uf. La similitude de forme est probablement une co\u00EFncidence, les producteurs des lingots ayant con\u00E7u ces saillies aux coins afin de les rendre facilement transportables par voie terrestre sur le dos d'animaux de b\u00E2t."@fr . . . . . . "Protector of the ingot, bronze, Enkomi, Cyprus."@en . "vertical"@en . . . . . . . "180"^^ . "Oxhide ingots are heavy (20-30 kg) metal slabs, usually of copper but sometimes of tin, produced and widely distributed during the Mediterranean Late Bronze Age (LBA). Their shape resembles the hide of an ox with a protruding handle in each of the ingot\u2019s four corners. Early thought was that each ingot was equivalent to the value of one ox. However, the similarity in shape is simply a coincidence. The ingots' producers probably designed these protrusions to make the ingots easily transportable overland on the backs of pack animals. Complete or partial oxhide ingots have been discovered in Sardinia, Crete, Peloponnese, Cyprus, Cannatello in Sicily, Bo\u011Fazk\u00F6y in Turkey (ancient Hattusa, the Hittite capital), Qantir in Egypt (ancient Pi-Ramesses), and Sozopol in Bulgaria. Archaeologists have r"@en . "right"@en . "19860"^^ . . . . . . "Ingots"@en . . . "Il lingotto a pelle di bue (o lingotto ox-hide) \u00E8 una lastra metallica, solitamente in rame o in alcuni casi in stagno, prodotta e ampiamente diffusa nel Mediterraneo durante la tarda et\u00E0 del bronzo. La loro forma ricorda appunto quella di una pelle di bue con delle protuberanze nei quattro angoli che servivano come impugnatura per il trasporto a mano. Lingotti a pelle di bue completi o frammentati sono stati rinvenuti in Sardegna, a Cannatello in Sicilia, in Corsica a Borgo, Creta, Peloponneso, Cipro, Bo\u011Fazk\u00F6y (antica \u1E2Aattu\u0161a), Egitto e Bulgaria. Gli archeologi hanno rinvenuto numerosi lingotti a pelle di bue anche nel famoso relitto di Uluburun, lungo le coste della Turchia."@it . . . "Minoan copper ingot from Zakros, Crete.jpg"@en . . . . . . "Copper ingot from Zakros, Crete, displayed at the Heraklion Archaeological Museum."@en . . . . . . . . . "Oxhide ingot"@en . "\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062A \u062C\u0644\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0648\u0631 (\u0641\u064A \u0623\u063A\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u062A\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0643\u0641\u062A\u064A\u0648 \u00AD )\u061B \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062B\u0631\u064A \u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062F\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0637\u0648\u064A\u0644\u0629 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0623\u062E\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062D\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0648\u0633\u0637 (\u0628\u064A\u0646 1600 \u0648 1000 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F.) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u062A\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u064B\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064A\u0644\u0629 \u062F\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062F (\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062F\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629) \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062D\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0645\u060C \u0648\u0646\u0627\u062F\u0631\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632. \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645\u062A \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062D\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062C\u0644\u0648\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062A\u062F\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062D\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064A \u062A\u0642\u0631\u064A\u0628\u064B\u0627 \u0648\u062A\u0632\u0646 20-40 \u0643\u062C\u0645\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064A\u0646 29 \u0648 30 \u0643\u062C\u0645\u060C \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062F\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062A\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062A\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062A \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u062D\u0631 \u0625\u064A\u062C\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060C \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062A \u062C\u0644\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062F\u064A\u0631."@ar . . . . . "Als Ochsenhautbarren (in zumeist \u00E4lteren Publikationen auch Keftiu\u00ADbarren; englisch Oxhide ingots) bezeichnet die Arch\u00E4ometallurgie eine f\u00FCr den weitr\u00E4umigen Fernhandel w\u00E4hrend der ostmediterranen Sp\u00E4tbronzezeit (zwischen 1600 und 1000 v. Chr.) geschaffene Gro\u00DFbarrenform, die auch als vormonet\u00E4res Zahlungsmittel (Primitivgeld) galt und meist aus Rohkupfer, selten aus Bronze hergestellt wurde. Die Kupferbarren in der Umrissform gespannter Rinderh\u00E4ute waren als Handelsgut weit verbreitet. Die antiken Barren bestehen aus fast reinem Kupfer und wiegen 20\u201340 kg, viele davon zwischen 29 und 30 kg, was zu Vermutungen f\u00FChrte, sie entspr\u00E4chen einem damaligen \u00E4g\u00E4ischen Talent. Daneben gibt es auch Ochsenhautbarren aus Zinn. W\u00E4hrend der Sp\u00E4tbronzezeit wurde im \u00F6stlichen Mittelmeerraum vor allem auf dem an Kupfererzvorkommen reichen Zypern Kupfer gef\u00F6rdert und von dort in Kupferbarren in Form der sogenannten Ochsenhautbarren ausgef\u00FChrt. Fragmente zyprischer Ochsenhautbarren aus der Zeit zwischen dem 16. und dem 11. Jahrhundert v. Chr. finden sich in weiten Teilen des Mittelmeerraums, bis nach Sardinien, auf dem Balkan und n\u00F6rdlich der Alpen. \u00DCber den ausgedehnten Mittelmeerhandel der Ph\u00F6nizier gelangte das Kupfer von der Kupferinsel Zypern zu den \u00C4gyptern, die sowohl das Metall als auch die Geldform \u00FCbernahmen."@de . . "Lingote couro de boi"@pt . . "Lingotes couro de boi s\u00E3o placas de metal, geralmente de cobre mas \u00E0s vezes de estanho, produzidas e distribu\u00EDdas durante a Idade do Bronze Recente do mar Mediterr\u00E2neo. Sua forma se assemelha a pele de um boi com uma al\u00E7a saliente em cada um dos quatro cantos do lingote. Os produtores de lingotes provavelmente concebiam estas sali\u00EAncias para fazer os lingotes facilmente transport\u00E1veis nas costas dos animais de carga."@pt . . . . "Ochsenhautbarren"@de . "Oxhide ingots at the Numismatic Museum, Athens.jpg"@en . . . . "Oxhide ingots are heavy (20-30 kg) metal slabs, usually of copper but sometimes of tin, produced and widely distributed during the Mediterranean Late Bronze Age (LBA). Their shape resembles the hide of an ox with a protruding handle in each of the ingot\u2019s four corners. Early thought was that each ingot was equivalent to the value of one ox. However, the similarity in shape is simply a coincidence. The ingots' producers probably designed these protrusions to make the ingots easily transportable overland on the backs of pack animals. Complete or partial oxhide ingots have been discovered in Sardinia, Crete, Peloponnese, Cyprus, Cannatello in Sicily, Bo\u011Fazk\u00F6y in Turkey (ancient Hattusa, the Hittite capital), Qantir in Egypt (ancient Pi-Ramesses), and Sozopol in Bulgaria. Archaeologists have recovered many oxhide ingots from two shipwrecks off the coast of Turkey (one off Uluburun and one in Cape Gelidonya)."@en . . . . . . . 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"Le Lingot \u00E0 peau de b\u0153uf est une plaque m\u00E9tallique, g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement en cuivre, mais parfois en \u00E9tain, largement produite et distribu\u00E9e dans le bassin m\u00E9diterran\u00E9en vers la fin de l'\u00C2ge du bronze. Sa forme ressemble \u00E0 une peau de b\u0153uf avec une poign\u00E9e saillante \u00E0 chacun des quatre coins. Au d\u00E9part certains supposaient que la valeur de chaque lingot \u00E9tait \u00E9quivalente \u00E0 celle d'un b\u0153uf. La similitude de forme est probablement une co\u00EFncidence, les producteurs des lingots ayant con\u00E7u ces saillies aux coins afin de les rendre facilement transportables par voie terrestre sur le dos d'animaux de b\u00E2t. Des lingots ont \u00E9t\u00E9 d\u00E9couverts en Sardaigne, Corse (Borgo), Cr\u00E8te, P\u00E9loponn\u00E8se, Chypre, \u00E0 Cannatello en Sicile, Bo\u011Fazk\u00F6y en Turquie (antique Hattusa, capitale hittite), Qantir-Piramesse en \u00C9gypte et Sozopol en Bulgarie. Les arch\u00E9ologues ont d\u00E9couvert de nombreux lingots dans deux \u00E9paves au large de la c\u00F4te de la Turquie : \u00E0 Uluburun et au cap Ch\u00E9lidonia."@fr . . . . . "Lingot \u00E0 peau de b\u0153uf"@fr . . . . . . . "Lingotto a pelle di bue"@it . . . . . "Copper ingots from Crete and Mycenae, displayed at the Numismatic Museum of Athens."@en . . . . . . . "1092163469"^^ . . "\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u062C\u0644\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0648\u0631"@ar . . . "Il lingotto a pelle di bue (o lingotto ox-hide) \u00E8 una lastra metallica, solitamente in rame o in alcuni casi in stagno, prodotta e ampiamente diffusa nel Mediterraneo durante la tarda et\u00E0 del bronzo. La loro forma ricorda appunto quella di una pelle di bue con delle protuberanze nei quattro angoli che servivano come impugnatura per il trasporto a mano. Lingotti a pelle di bue completi o frammentati sono stati rinvenuti in Sardegna, a Cannatello in Sicilia, in Corsica a Borgo, Creta, Peloponneso, Cipro, Bo\u011Fazk\u00F6y (antica \u1E2Aattu\u0161a), Egitto e Bulgaria. Gli archeologi hanno rinvenuto numerosi lingotti a pelle di bue anche nel famoso relitto di Uluburun, lungo le coste della Turchia."@it . . . . .