. . . . . . . . . . . . . "1014993615"^^ . . . . . . "Panama Pacific Line"@en . . . "Panama Pacific Line was a subsidiary of International Mercantile Marine (IMM) established to carry passengers and freight between the US East and West Coasts via the Panama Canal. Although IMM had begun preparations for this intercoastal service as far back as 1911, service began in May 1915 with the former Red Star Line (another IMM subsidiary line) ships Kroonland and Finland. When landslides in September 1915 closed the canal for an extended time, Kroonland and Finland were reassigned to the IMM's American Line. The outbreak of World War I and its strain on international shipping caused the intercoastal service to be suspended. In 1923 Kroonland and Finland were returned to the reinstated intercoastal route along with the American Line passenger steamer Manchuria. Manchuria's sister ship Mongolia supplanted Kroonland on the route in 1925. Three ships with steam turbo generators and turbo-electric transmission \u2014 California, Virginia and Pennsylvania \u2014 came into service in 1928\u201329, replacing all the other ships on the intercoastal service. These three newest ships included a drive-on service for passengers' automobiles, which allowed passengers to disembark with their cars at ports of call, such as Havana, a stop added in the early 1930s. In 1936 California, docked at San Pedro, California, was the setting for the SS California strike, which contributed to the demise of the International Seamen's Union and the creation of the National Maritime Union. In June 1937 the United States Congress withdrew all maritime mail subsidies, which by then included a total of $450,000 per year to Panama Pacific for its three liners. At the beginning of March 1938 the Panama Canal tolls were revised, increasing Panama Pacific's costs by $37,000 per year. As a result of these cost increases and continuing labor difficulties, Panama Pacific ended its New York \u2013 California service and took all three liners out of service. California was the last to leave service, joining Pennsylvania and Virginia in New York at the beginning of May 1938. The United States Maritime Commission took over the three liners and transferred them to Moore-McCormack Lines to start a New York \u2014 River Plate service under Franklin D. Roosevelt's Good Neighbor policy."@en . . "La Panama Pacific Line \u00E9tait une filiale de International Mercantile Marine Co. (IMM) \u00E9tablie pour transporter des passagers et du fret entre la c\u00F4te est et ouest des \u00C9tats-Unis via le canal de Panama. En 1923, les Kroonland et Finland retourn\u00E8rent sur le service inter-c\u00F4tier ressuscit\u00E9 avec le bateau \u00E0 vapeur de l'American Line . Le sister-ship du Manchuria, le SS Mongolia, supplanta le Kroonland sur la route en 1925. En 1936, le California, amarr\u00E9 \u00E0 San Pedro, en Californie, fut pris dans une gr\u00E8ve qui contribua \u00E0 la disparition de l' et \u00E0 la cr\u00E9ation de la ."@fr . . "5070"^^ . . . . . . . . . "21111468"^^ . . . . . . . . . "La Panama Pacific Line \u00E9tait une filiale de International Mercantile Marine Co. (IMM) \u00E9tablie pour transporter des passagers et du fret entre la c\u00F4te est et ouest des \u00C9tats-Unis via le canal de Panama. Bien que l'IMM commen\u00E7a les pr\u00E9parations pour son service inter-c\u00F4tier depuis 1911, le service commen\u00E7a en mai 1915 avec les anciens navires de la Red Star Line (une autre filiale de l'IMM), \u00E0 savoir les SS Kroonland et . Quand un glissement de terrain en septembre 1915 ferma le canal pour une longue dur\u00E9e, les Kroonland et Finland furent r\u00E9assign\u00E9s \u00E0 l'American Line, une autre soci\u00E9t\u00E9 de l'IMM. L'annonce de la Seconde Guerre mondiale et ses contraintes sur le transport maritime international ont entra\u00EEn\u00E9s la fermeture de la route inter-c\u00F4ti\u00E8re. En 1923, les Kroonland et Finland retourn\u00E8rent sur le service inter-c\u00F4tier ressuscit\u00E9 avec le bateau \u00E0 vapeur de l'American Line . Le sister-ship du Manchuria, le SS Mongolia, supplanta le Kroonland sur la route en 1925. Trois navires dot\u00E9s de turbines \u00E0 vapeur et \u00E9lectrique \u2014 les , , et le \u2014 entr\u00E8rent en service en 1928, rempla\u00E7ant tous les autres bateaux du service inter-c\u00F4tier. Ces 3 nouveaux navires pouvaient embarquer l'automobile des passagers en poss\u00E9dant une, ce qui a permis de d\u00E9barquer des passagers avec leurs voitures dans les ports d'escale, comme La Havane, un arr\u00EAt ajout\u00E9 au d\u00E9but des ann\u00E9es 1930. En 1936, le California, amarr\u00E9 \u00E0 San Pedro, en Californie, fut pris dans une gr\u00E8ve qui contribua \u00E0 la disparition de l' et \u00E0 la cr\u00E9ation de la . En 1938, le service inter-c\u00F4tier fut termin\u00E9 et les trois navires turbo-\u00E9lectriques, le California, Pennsylvania, et Virginia, furent vendus pour un usage sur la route New York \u2014 R\u00EDo de la Plata."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . "Panama Pacific Line was a subsidiary of International Mercantile Marine (IMM) established to carry passengers and freight between the US East and West Coasts via the Panama Canal. Although IMM had begun preparations for this intercoastal service as far back as 1911, service began in May 1915 with the former Red Star Line (another IMM subsidiary line) ships Kroonland and Finland. When landslides in September 1915 closed the canal for an extended time, Kroonland and Finland were reassigned to the IMM's American Line. The outbreak of World War I and its strain on international shipping caused the intercoastal service to be suspended."@en . . . . "Panama Pacific Line"@fr . . . . . . . .