. "Logika parakonsystentna"@pl . . . . "Una l\u00F2gica paraconsistent \u00E9s un sistema l\u00F2gic que intenta tractar les contradiccions en una forma discriminada. Alternativament, la l\u00F2gica paraconsistent \u00E9s un camp de la l\u00F2gica que s'ocupa de l'estudi i desenvolupament de sistemes l\u00F2gics paraconsistents (o \"tolerants a la inconsist\u00E8ncia\"). (En aquest article el terme \u00E9s utilitzat en les dues accepcions.)"@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "En logique math\u00E9matique, une logique paracoh\u00E9rente (aussi appel\u00E9 logique paraconsistante) est un syst\u00E8me logique qui tol\u00E8re les contradictions, contrairement au syst\u00E8me de la logique classique. Les logiques tol\u00E9rantes aux incoh\u00E9rences sont \u00E9tudi\u00E9es depuis au moins 1910, avec des esquisses remontant sans doute au temps d'Aristote[r\u00E9f. n\u00E9cessaire]. Le terme paracoh\u00E9rent - (\u00E0 c\u00F4t\u00E9 du coh\u00E9rent, paraconsistent en anglais) - n'a \u00E9t\u00E9 employ\u00E9 qu'apr\u00E8s 1976 par le philosophe p\u00E9ruvien (en)."@fr . . . . . . . "L\u00F2gica paraconsistent"@ca . . . . "Een paraconsistente logica is een logica die tegenstrijdigheden niet verwerpt. Ook kan men onder paraconsistente logica de wetenschap verstaan die zich met het bestuderen van paraconsistente logica's bezighoudt."@nl . "Logique paracoh\u00E9rente"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Parakonsistent logik \u00E4r logiska system som utvecklats f\u00F6r att undvika egenskapen att vad som helst kan h\u00E4rledas ur en kontradiktion i klassisk logik, intuitionistisk logik m.fl. Denna artikel om logik saknar v\u00E4sentlig information. Du kan hj\u00E4lpa till genom att l\u00E4gga till den."@sv . . . . . "\u6B21\u534F\u8C03\u903B\u8F91"@zh . . . . . . . . . "\uCD08\uC77C\uAD00 \uB17C\uB9AC(\u8D85\u4E00\u8CAB\u8AD6\u91CC, \uC601\uC5B4: Paraconsistent Logic) \uB610\uB294 \uBAA8\uC21C\uD5C8\uC6A9\uB17C\uB9AC(\u77DB\u76FE\u8A31\u5BB9\u8AD6\u91CC, \uC601\uC5B4: inconsistency-tolerant logic)\uB780, \uBAA8\uC21C\uC744 \uD2B9\uBCC4\uD55C \uBC29\uBC95\uC73C\uB85C \uB2E4\uB8E8\uB294 \uB17C\uB9AC \uCCB4\uACC4\uC774\uB2E4. \uB610\uB294 \uBAA8\uC21C\uC5D0 \uB300\uD558\uC5EC \uB0B4\uC131 \uC788\uB294 \uB17C\uB9AC \uC804\uBC18\uC744 \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A4\uB294 \uB9D0\uC774\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD558\uB2E4. \uCD08\uC77C\uAD00 \uB17C\uB9AC \uCCB4\uACC4\uC758 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC778 \uD2B9\uC9D5\uC740 \uBC30\uC911\uB960\uC740 \uD5C8\uC6A9\uD558\uBA74\uC11C\uB3C4 \uCC38\uACFC \uAC70\uC9D3\uC758 \uB300\uB9BD, \uC989 \uC774\uAC00(\u4E8C\u50F9) \uB300\uB9BD \uCCB4\uACC4\uB294 \uC798 \uD5C8\uC6A9\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB294\uB2E4\uB294 \uC810\uC774\uB2E4. \uACE7 \uB2E4\uCE58 \uB17C\uB9AC\uC640 \uC5F0\uAD00\uC131\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBAA8\uC21C\uD5C8\uC6A9\uB17C\uB9AC\uB294 20\uC138\uAE30 \uCD08\uC5D0\uB3C4 \uC774\uBBF8 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uB418\uC5C8\uC73C\uBA70, \uC0AC\uC2E4 \uC6D0\uC2DC\uC801\uC778 \uD615\uD0DC\uB85C\uB294 \uC544\uB9AC\uC2A4\uD1A0\uD154\uB808\uC2A4\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uAC70\uC2AC\uB7EC \uC62C\uB77C\uAC04\uB2E4. \uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uCD08\uC77C\uAD00(paraconsistent)\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uC6A9\uC5B4\uB294 1976\uB144 \uD398\uB8E8\uC778 \uCCA0\uD559\uC790 \uD504\uB780\uC2DC\uC2A4\uCF54 \uBBF8\uD638 \uCF00\uC0AC\uB2E4(Francisco Mir\u00F3 Quesada)\uAC00 \uCD5C\uCD08\uB85C \uC4F4 \uAC83\uC774\uBA70, \uC774\uB54C\uCBE4\uBD80\uD130 \uBCF8\uACA9\uC801\uC778 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uAC00 \uC2DC\uC791\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4 \uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . "Parakonsistent logik \u00E4r logiska system som utvecklats f\u00F6r att undvika egenskapen att vad som helst kan h\u00E4rledas ur en kontradiktion i klassisk logik, intuitionistisk logik m.fl. Denna artikel om logik saknar v\u00E4sentlig information. Du kan hj\u00E4lpa till genom att l\u00E4gga till den."@sv . . . . . . "Een paraconsistente logica is een logica die tegenstrijdigheden niet verwerpt. Ook kan men onder paraconsistente logica de wetenschap verstaan die zich met het bestuderen van paraconsistente logica's bezighoudt."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "A paraconsistent logic is an attempt at a logical system to deal with contradictions in a discriminating way. Alternatively, paraconsistent logic is the subfield of logic that is concerned with studying and developing \"inconsistency-tolerant\" systems of logic which reject the principle of explosion. Inconsistency-tolerant logics have been discussed since at least 1910 (and arguably much earlier, for example in the writings of Aristotle); however, the term paraconsistent (\"beside the consistent\") was first coined in 1976, by the Peruvian philosopher Francisco Mir\u00F3 Quesada Cantuarias."@en . "Unter Parakonsistenten Logiken und Parainkonsistenten Logiken versteht man Kalk\u00FCle, in denen der logische Grundsatz ex contradictione sequitur quodlibet (lat. f\u00FCr \u201Eaus einem Widerspruch folgt Beliebiges\u201C) nicht gilt, in denen es also nicht m\u00F6glich ist, aus zwei widerspr\u00FCchlichen Aussagen oder aus einem Widerspruch jede beliebige Aussage herzuleiten."@de . . . "Em l\u00F3gica, entende-se por l\u00F3gica paraconsistente um sistema formal no qual se podem verificar, de modo controlado, exce\u00E7\u00F5es ao princ\u00EDpio da n\u00E3o contradi\u00E7\u00E3o, isto \u00E9, no qual podem se apresentar contradi\u00E7\u00F5es sem que, com isso, seja poss\u00EDvel derivar uma proposi\u00E7\u00E3o qualquer, dentro do sistema, evitando-se assim o princ\u00EDpio de explos\u00E3o (em latim, ex falso [sequitur] quodlibet, 'da falsidade, [deriva] qualquer coisa'; ou ex contradictione [sequitur] quodlibet, 'da contradi\u00E7\u00E3o, qualquer coisa [deriva]')."@pt . "\uCD08\uC77C\uAD00 \uB17C\uB9AC(\u8D85\u4E00\u8CAB\u8AD6\u91CC, \uC601\uC5B4: Paraconsistent Logic) \uB610\uB294 \uBAA8\uC21C\uD5C8\uC6A9\uB17C\uB9AC(\u77DB\u76FE\u8A31\u5BB9\u8AD6\u91CC, \uC601\uC5B4: inconsistency-tolerant logic)\uB780, \uBAA8\uC21C\uC744 \uD2B9\uBCC4\uD55C \uBC29\uBC95\uC73C\uB85C \uB2E4\uB8E8\uB294 \uB17C\uB9AC \uCCB4\uACC4\uC774\uB2E4. \uB610\uB294 \uBAA8\uC21C\uC5D0 \uB300\uD558\uC5EC \uB0B4\uC131 \uC788\uB294 \uB17C\uB9AC \uC804\uBC18\uC744 \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A4\uB294 \uB9D0\uC774\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD558\uB2E4. \uCD08\uC77C\uAD00 \uB17C\uB9AC \uCCB4\uACC4\uC758 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC778 \uD2B9\uC9D5\uC740 \uBC30\uC911\uB960\uC740 \uD5C8\uC6A9\uD558\uBA74\uC11C\uB3C4 \uCC38\uACFC \uAC70\uC9D3\uC758 \uB300\uB9BD, \uC989 \uC774\uAC00(\u4E8C\u50F9) \uB300\uB9BD \uCCB4\uACC4\uB294 \uC798 \uD5C8\uC6A9\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB294\uB2E4\uB294 \uC810\uC774\uB2E4. \uACE7 \uB2E4\uCE58 \uB17C\uB9AC\uC640 \uC5F0\uAD00\uC131\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBAA8\uC21C\uD5C8\uC6A9\uB17C\uB9AC\uB294 20\uC138\uAE30 \uCD08\uC5D0\uB3C4 \uC774\uBBF8 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uB418\uC5C8\uC73C\uBA70, \uC0AC\uC2E4 \uC6D0\uC2DC\uC801\uC778 \uD615\uD0DC\uB85C\uB294 \uC544\uB9AC\uC2A4\uD1A0\uD154\uB808\uC2A4\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uAC70\uC2AC\uB7EC \uC62C\uB77C\uAC04\uB2E4. \uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uCD08\uC77C\uAD00(paraconsistent)\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uC6A9\uC5B4\uB294 1976\uB144 \uD398\uB8E8\uC778 \uCCA0\uD559\uC790 \uD504\uB780\uC2DC\uC2A4\uCF54 \uBBF8\uD638 \uCF00\uC0AC\uB2E4(Francisco Mir\u00F3 Quesada)\uAC00 \uCD5C\uCD08\uB85C \uC4F4 \uAC83\uC774\uBA70, \uC774\uB54C\uCBE4\uBD80\uD130 \uBCF8\uACA9\uC801\uC778 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uAC00 \uC2DC\uC791\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4 \uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . "Paraconsistente logica"@nl . . . . . . . . "Kontra\u016Ddirtolera logiko"@eo . . . "Logika parakonsystentna (logika paraniesprzeczna) \u2013 logika, kt\u00F3ra dopuszcza wyst\u0105pienie sprzeczno\u015Bci, pod warunkiem, by nie prowadzi\u0142o to do przepe\u0142nienia systemu. W klasycznym rachunku zda\u0144 obowi\u0105zuje zasada niesprzeczno\u015Bci Dunsa Szkota, stwierdzaj\u0105ca, \u017Ce ze sprzeczno\u015Bci mo\u017Ce wynika\u0107 dowolne zdanie logiczne, wi\u0119c przyj\u0119cie sprzeczno\u015Bci spowoduje przepe\u0142nienie systemu (\u201Erozlanie si\u0119\u201D sprzeczno\u015Bci na ca\u0142y system). W logice parakonsystentnej to nie nast\u0119puje \u2013 w parakonsystentnym rachunku zda\u0144 zasada niesprzeczno\u015Bci nie jest tautologi\u0105."@pl . . . . . "421085"^^ . . . . . . "Logica paraconsistente"@it . . . "A paraconsistent logic is an attempt at a logical system to deal with contradictions in a discriminating way. Alternatively, paraconsistent logic is the subfield of logic that is concerned with studying and developing \"inconsistency-tolerant\" systems of logic which reject the principle of explosion. Inconsistency-tolerant logics have been discussed since at least 1910 (and arguably much earlier, for example in the writings of Aristotle); however, the term paraconsistent (\"beside the consistent\") was first coined in 1976, by the Peruvian philosopher Francisco Mir\u00F3 Quesada Cantuarias."@en . "Kontra\u016Ddirtolera Logiko estas \u0109iu logika kiu kontra\u016Ddirojn \"toleras\" kaj tamen \u011Di ne estas triviala. Klasika logiko (kaj multaj aliaj kiel Intuicia logiko) estas tia ke se ni bazus en \u011Di teorion T en kiu ni povus konkludi kontra\u016Ddiron: veron kaj malveron de iu propozicio, do en tia teorio T ni povus pruvi \"\u0109ion ajn\" kaj do tia sistemo estus senutila, kaj oni nomus \u011Din \"triviala\"."@eo . . "\u77DB\u76FE\u8A31\u5BB9\u8AD6\u7406"@ja . "\uCD08\uC77C\uAD00 \uB17C\uB9AC"@ko . . . "Em l\u00F3gica, entende-se por l\u00F3gica paraconsistente um sistema formal no qual se podem verificar, de modo controlado, exce\u00E7\u00F5es ao princ\u00EDpio da n\u00E3o contradi\u00E7\u00E3o, isto \u00E9, no qual podem se apresentar contradi\u00E7\u00F5es sem que, com isso, seja poss\u00EDvel derivar uma proposi\u00E7\u00E3o qualquer, dentro do sistema, evitando-se assim o princ\u00EDpio de explos\u00E3o (em latim, ex falso [sequitur] quodlibet, 'da falsidade, [deriva] qualquer coisa'; ou ex contradictione [sequitur] quodlibet, 'da contradi\u00E7\u00E3o, qualquer coisa [deriva]'). O termo \"paraconsistente\" ('al\u00E9m do consistente') foi cunhado em 1976, durante a Terceira Confer\u00EAncia Latino-americana de L\u00F3gica Matem\u00E1tica, pelo fil\u00F3sofo peruano (1918-2019). Embora o debate acerca de sistemas l\u00F3gicos em que ocorrem contradi\u00E7\u00F5es remonte aos Primeiros Anal\u00EDticos de Arist\u00F3teles, os primeiros autores que contribu\u00EDram para o desenvolvimento das l\u00F3gicas paraconsistentes foram Jan \u0141ukasiewicz (1878-1956), (1880-1940), (1886-1936), Stanis\u0142aw Ja\u015Bkowski (1906-1965) e Newton da Costa (1929-). Por derrogar alguns dos princ\u00EDpios basilares da l\u00F3gica cl\u00E1ssica, tais como o princ\u00EDpio da n\u00E3o contradi\u00E7\u00E3o e o princ\u00EDpio da explos\u00E3o, a l\u00F3gica paraconsistente inclui-se entre as chamadas l\u00F3gicas n\u00E3o cl\u00E1ssicas, heterodoxas. Assim, segundo a l\u00F3gica paraconsistente, uma senten\u00E7a e a sua nega\u00E7\u00E3o podem ser ambas verdadeiras. Al\u00E9m disso, ela apresenta alternativas de valores de verdade al\u00E9m de verdadeiro e falso - tais como indeterminado e inconsistente. Com isso, no estudo da sem\u00E2ntica, aplica-se especialmente aos paradoxos. Por exemplo, considere-se a afirma\u00E7\u00E3o \"o homem \u00E9 cego, mas v\u00EA\". Segundo a l\u00F3gica cl\u00E1ssica, o indiv\u00EDduo que v\u00EA, um \"n\u00E3o-cego\", n\u00E3o pode ser cego; j\u00E1 na l\u00F3gica paraconsistente, ele pode ser cego para algumas coisas e n\u00E3o cego, para outras. Essa nova l\u00F3gica surgiu com o reconhecimento pela comunidade cient\u00EDfica de trabalhos do polon\u00EAs Jan \u0141ukasiewicz e do russo Nicolai Alexandrovich Vasil\u00E9v, considerados predecessores da l\u00F3gica paraconsistente, tamb\u00E9m chamada l\u00F3gica imagin\u00E1ria. Um dos fundadores da l\u00F3gica paraconsistente \u00E9 o brasileiro Newton da Costa, cujas teorias s\u00E3o de grande import\u00E2ncia para diversas \u00E1reas, al\u00E9m da matem\u00E1tica, filosofia, direito, computa\u00E7\u00E3o e intelig\u00EAncia artificial,"@pt . . . . "\u77DB\u76FE\u8A31\u5BB9\u8AD6\u7406\uFF08\u3080\u3058\u3085\u3093\u304D\u3087\u3088\u3046\u308D\u3093\u308A\u3001Paraconsistent Logic\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u77DB\u76FE\u3092\u7279\u5225\u306A\u65B9\u6CD5\u3067\u6271\u3046\u8AD6\u7406\u4F53\u7CFB\u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001\u77DB\u76FE\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3066\u8010\u6027\u306E\u3042\u308B\u8AD6\u7406\u3092\u7814\u7A76\u30FB\u69CB\u7BC9\u3059\u308B\u8AD6\u7406\u5B66\u306E\u4E00\u5206\u91CE\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002\u77DB\u76FE\u8A31\u5BB9\u578B\u8AD6\u7406\u3068\u3082\u3002 \u77DB\u76FE\u8A31\u5BB9\u8AD6\u7406\u306F1910\u5E74\u3054\u308D\u306B\u306F\u3059\u3067\u306B\u5B58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305F\uFF08\u539F\u59CB\u7684\u306A\u5F62\u3067\u306F\u30A2\u30EA\u30B9\u30C8\u30C6\u30EC\u30B9\u307E\u3067\u9061\u308B\uFF09\u3002\u3057\u304B\u3057\u3001\u77DB\u76FE\u8A31\u5BB9\uFF08Paraconsistent\uFF09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7528\u8A9E\u304C\u4F7F\u308F\u308C\u308B\u3088\u3046\u306B\u306A\u3063\u305F\u306E\u306F 1976\u5E74\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u30DA\u30EB\u30FC\u4EBA\u54F2\u5B66\u8005 Francisco Mir\u00F3 Quesada \u304C\u6700\u521D\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . "Parakonsistent logik"@sv . "\u6B21\u534F\u8C03\u903B\u8F91\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AParaconsistent logic\uFF09\u662F\u5C1D\u8BD5\u5904\u7406\u77DB\u76FE\u7684\u903B\u8F91\u3002\u662F\u4E0D\u7463\u788E\u7684\uFF08non-trivial\uFF09\u903B\u8F91\uFF0C\u5B83\u5141\u8BB8\u77DB\u76FE\u3002\u66F4\u52A0\u7279\u6B8A\u7684\uFF0C\u5B83\u5141\u8BB8\u65AD\u8A00\u4E00\u4E2A\u9648\u8FF0\u548C\u5B83\u7684\u5426\u5B9A\uFF0C\u800C\u4E0D\u5BFC\u81F4\u8C2C\u8BBA\u3002\u5728\u6807\u51C6\u903B\u8F91\u4E2D\uFF0C\u4ECE\u77DB\u76FE\u4E2D\u53EF\u4EE5\u63A8\u5BFC\u51FA\u4EFB\u4F55\u4E1C\u897F\uFF1B\u8FD9\u53EB\u505Aex contradictione quodlibet\uFF08ECQ\uFF09\uFF0C\u4E5F\u53EB\u505A\u7206\u70B8\u539F\u7406\u3002\u6B21\u534F\u8C03\u903B\u8F91\u5C31\u662FECQ\u4E0D\u6210\u7ACB\u7684\u903B\u8F91\u7CFB\u7EDF\u3002 \u6B21\u534F\u8C03\u903B\u8F91\u53EF\u4EE5\u7528\u6765\u5EFA\u6A21\u6709\u77DB\u76FE\u7684\u7CFB\u7EDF\uFF0C\u4F46\u4E0D\u662F\u4EFB\u4F55\u4E1C\u897F\u90FD\u80FD\u4ECE\u5B83\u63A8\u5BFC\u51FA\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6807\u51C6\u903B\u8F91\u4E2D\uFF0C\u5FC5\u987B\u5C0F\u5FC3\u7684\u9632\u6B62\u5F62\u6210\u8BF4\u8C0E\u8005\u6096\u8BBA\u7684\u9648\u8FF0\uFF1B\u6B21\u534F\u8C03\u903B\u8F91\u7531\u4E8E\u4E0D\u9700\u8981\u6392\u9664\u8FD9\u79CD\u9648\u8FF0\u800C\u66F4\u52A0\u7B80\u5355, \u5C3D\u7BA1\u5B83\u4ECD\u7136\u5FC5\u987B\u6392\u9664\u67EF\u91CC\u6096\u8BBA(Curry's Paradox\uFF09\u3002 \u67EF\u91CC\u6096\u8BBA\u662F\u903B\u8F91\u5B66\u5BB6\u54C8\u65AF\u51EF\u5C14\u00B7\u67EF\u91CC\uFF08Haskell Brooks Curry\uFF09\u63D0\u51FA\u3002 \u6B64\u5916\uFF0C\u6B21\u534F\u8C03\u903B\u8F91\u53EF\u4EE5\u6F5C\u5728\u7684\u514B\u670D\u54E5\u5FB7\u5C14\u4E0D\u5B8C\u5907\u5B9A\u7406\u8574\u6DB5\u7684\u7B97\u672F\u9650\u5236\uFF0C\u800C\u662F\u5B8C\u5907\u7684\u3002"@zh . . . . "L\u00F3gica paraconsistente"@pt . . "Unter Parakonsistenten Logiken und Parainkonsistenten Logiken versteht man Kalk\u00FCle, in denen der logische Grundsatz ex contradictione sequitur quodlibet (lat. f\u00FCr \u201Eaus einem Widerspruch folgt Beliebiges\u201C) nicht gilt, in denen es also nicht m\u00F6glich ist, aus zwei widerspr\u00FCchlichen Aussagen oder aus einem Widerspruch jede beliebige Aussage herzuleiten."@de . . "Una l\u00F2gica paraconsistent \u00E9s un sistema l\u00F2gic que intenta tractar les contradiccions en una forma discriminada. Alternativament, la l\u00F2gica paraconsistent \u00E9s un camp de la l\u00F2gica que s'ocupa de l'estudi i desenvolupament de sistemes l\u00F2gics paraconsistents (o \"tolerants a la inconsist\u00E8ncia\"). (En aquest article el terme \u00E9s utilitzat en les dues accepcions.) Les l\u00F2giques tolerants a la inconsist\u00E8ncia hi ha com a m\u00EDnim des de 1910 (i \u00E9s possible argumentar que molt\u00EDssim abans, per exemple en els escrits d'Arist\u00F2til), per\u00F2, la paraula paraconsistent (\"m\u00E9s enll\u00E0 de la consist\u00E8ncia\") va ser encunyada el 1976, pel fil\u00F2sof peru\u00E0 ."@ca . "38326"^^ . . . . . . . "Parakonsistente Logik"@de . . . "En logique math\u00E9matique, une logique paracoh\u00E9rente (aussi appel\u00E9 logique paraconsistante) est un syst\u00E8me logique qui tol\u00E8re les contradictions, contrairement au syst\u00E8me de la logique classique. Les logiques tol\u00E9rantes aux incoh\u00E9rences sont \u00E9tudi\u00E9es depuis au moins 1910, avec des esquisses remontant sans doute au temps d'Aristote[r\u00E9f. n\u00E9cessaire]. Le terme paracoh\u00E9rent - (\u00E0 c\u00F4t\u00E9 du coh\u00E9rent, paraconsistent en anglais) - n'a \u00E9t\u00E9 employ\u00E9 qu'apr\u00E8s 1976 par le philosophe p\u00E9ruvien (en)."@fr . "\u6B21\u534F\u8C03\u903B\u8F91\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AParaconsistent logic\uFF09\u662F\u5C1D\u8BD5\u5904\u7406\u77DB\u76FE\u7684\u903B\u8F91\u3002\u662F\u4E0D\u7463\u788E\u7684\uFF08non-trivial\uFF09\u903B\u8F91\uFF0C\u5B83\u5141\u8BB8\u77DB\u76FE\u3002\u66F4\u52A0\u7279\u6B8A\u7684\uFF0C\u5B83\u5141\u8BB8\u65AD\u8A00\u4E00\u4E2A\u9648\u8FF0\u548C\u5B83\u7684\u5426\u5B9A\uFF0C\u800C\u4E0D\u5BFC\u81F4\u8C2C\u8BBA\u3002\u5728\u6807\u51C6\u903B\u8F91\u4E2D\uFF0C\u4ECE\u77DB\u76FE\u4E2D\u53EF\u4EE5\u63A8\u5BFC\u51FA\u4EFB\u4F55\u4E1C\u897F\uFF1B\u8FD9\u53EB\u505Aex contradictione quodlibet\uFF08ECQ\uFF09\uFF0C\u4E5F\u53EB\u505A\u7206\u70B8\u539F\u7406\u3002\u6B21\u534F\u8C03\u903B\u8F91\u5C31\u662FECQ\u4E0D\u6210\u7ACB\u7684\u903B\u8F91\u7CFB\u7EDF\u3002 \u6B21\u534F\u8C03\u903B\u8F91\u53EF\u4EE5\u7528\u6765\u5EFA\u6A21\u6709\u77DB\u76FE\u7684\u7CFB\u7EDF\uFF0C\u4F46\u4E0D\u662F\u4EFB\u4F55\u4E1C\u897F\u90FD\u80FD\u4ECE\u5B83\u63A8\u5BFC\u51FA\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6807\u51C6\u903B\u8F91\u4E2D\uFF0C\u5FC5\u987B\u5C0F\u5FC3\u7684\u9632\u6B62\u5F62\u6210\u8BF4\u8C0E\u8005\u6096\u8BBA\u7684\u9648\u8FF0\uFF1B\u6B21\u534F\u8C03\u903B\u8F91\u7531\u4E8E\u4E0D\u9700\u8981\u6392\u9664\u8FD9\u79CD\u9648\u8FF0\u800C\u66F4\u52A0\u7B80\u5355, \u5C3D\u7BA1\u5B83\u4ECD\u7136\u5FC5\u987B\u6392\u9664\u67EF\u91CC\u6096\u8BBA(Curry's Paradox\uFF09\u3002 \u67EF\u91CC\u6096\u8BBA\u662F\u903B\u8F91\u5B66\u5BB6\u54C8\u65AF\u51EF\u5C14\u00B7\u67EF\u91CC\uFF08Haskell Brooks Curry\uFF09\u63D0\u51FA\u3002 \u6B64\u5916\uFF0C\u6B21\u534F\u8C03\u903B\u8F91\u53EF\u4EE5\u6F5C\u5728\u7684\u514B\u670D\u54E5\u5FB7\u5C14\u4E0D\u5B8C\u5907\u5B9A\u7406\u8574\u6DB5\u7684\u7B97\u672F\u9650\u5236\uFF0C\u800C\u662F\u5B8C\u5907\u7684\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kontra\u016Ddirtolera Logiko estas \u0109iu logika kiu kontra\u016Ddirojn \"toleras\" kaj tamen \u011Di ne estas triviala. Klasika logiko (kaj multaj aliaj kiel Intuicia logiko) estas tia ke se ni bazus en \u011Di teorion T en kiu ni povus konkludi kontra\u016Ddiron: veron kaj malveron de iu propozicio, do en tia teorio T ni povus pruvi \"\u0109ion ajn\" kaj do tia sistemo estus senutila, kaj oni nomus \u011Din \"triviala\"."@eo . . . . . . . "\u77DB\u76FE\u8A31\u5BB9\u8AD6\u7406\uFF08\u3080\u3058\u3085\u3093\u304D\u3087\u3088\u3046\u308D\u3093\u308A\u3001Paraconsistent Logic\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u77DB\u76FE\u3092\u7279\u5225\u306A\u65B9\u6CD5\u3067\u6271\u3046\u8AD6\u7406\u4F53\u7CFB\u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001\u77DB\u76FE\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3066\u8010\u6027\u306E\u3042\u308B\u8AD6\u7406\u3092\u7814\u7A76\u30FB\u69CB\u7BC9\u3059\u308B\u8AD6\u7406\u5B66\u306E\u4E00\u5206\u91CE\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002\u77DB\u76FE\u8A31\u5BB9\u578B\u8AD6\u7406\u3068\u3082\u3002 \u77DB\u76FE\u8A31\u5BB9\u8AD6\u7406\u306F1910\u5E74\u3054\u308D\u306B\u306F\u3059\u3067\u306B\u5B58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305F\uFF08\u539F\u59CB\u7684\u306A\u5F62\u3067\u306F\u30A2\u30EA\u30B9\u30C8\u30C6\u30EC\u30B9\u307E\u3067\u9061\u308B\uFF09\u3002\u3057\u304B\u3057\u3001\u77DB\u76FE\u8A31\u5BB9\uFF08Paraconsistent\uFF09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7528\u8A9E\u304C\u4F7F\u308F\u308C\u308B\u3088\u3046\u306B\u306A\u3063\u305F\u306E\u306F 1976\u5E74\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u30DA\u30EB\u30FC\u4EBA\u54F2\u5B66\u8005 Francisco Mir\u00F3 Quesada \u304C\u6700\u521D\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . "In logica, per logica paraconsistente si intende un sistema formale in cui possono verificarsi in modo controllato delle eccezioni al principio di non contraddizione, cio\u00E8 possono presentarsi delle contraddizioni, senza per\u00F2 che con questo sia possibile derivare nel sistema ogni proposizione, evitando quindi il principio di esplosione."@it . . . . . . . . . . "Una l\u00F3gica paraconsistente es un sistema l\u00F3gico que intenta tratar las contradicciones en forma atenuada. Alternativamente, la l\u00F3gica paraconsistente es un campo de la l\u00F3gica que se ocupa del estudio y desarrollo de sistemas l\u00F3gicos paraconsistentes (o \"tolerantes a la inconsistencia\"). (En este art\u00EDculo el t\u00E9rmino es utilizado en ambas acepciones.) Las l\u00F3gicas tolerantes a la inconsistencia existen por lo menos desde 1910 (y es posible argumentar que much\u00EDsimo antes, por ejemplo en los escritos de Arist\u00F3teles); sin embargo, la palabra paraconsistente (\"m\u00E1s all\u00E1 de la consistencia\") reci\u00E9n fue acu\u00F1ada en 1976, por el fil\u00F3sofo peruano Francisco Mir\u00F3 Quesada.\u200B"@es . . . "Paraconsistent logic"@en . . "Logika parakonsystentna (logika paraniesprzeczna) \u2013 logika, kt\u00F3ra dopuszcza wyst\u0105pienie sprzeczno\u015Bci, pod warunkiem, by nie prowadzi\u0142o to do przepe\u0142nienia systemu. W klasycznym rachunku zda\u0144 obowi\u0105zuje zasada niesprzeczno\u015Bci Dunsa Szkota, stwierdzaj\u0105ca, \u017Ce ze sprzeczno\u015Bci mo\u017Ce wynika\u0107 dowolne zdanie logiczne, wi\u0119c przyj\u0119cie sprzeczno\u015Bci spowoduje przepe\u0142nienie systemu (\u201Erozlanie si\u0119\u201D sprzeczno\u015Bci na ca\u0142y system). W logice parakonsystentnej to nie nast\u0119puje \u2013 w parakonsystentnym rachunku zda\u0144 zasada niesprzeczno\u015Bci nie jest tautologi\u0105."@pl . . . . . . . . . . "Una l\u00F3gica paraconsistente es un sistema l\u00F3gico que intenta tratar las contradicciones en forma atenuada. Alternativamente, la l\u00F3gica paraconsistente es un campo de la l\u00F3gica que se ocupa del estudio y desarrollo de sistemas l\u00F3gicos paraconsistentes (o \"tolerantes a la inconsistencia\"). (En este art\u00EDculo el t\u00E9rmino es utilizado en ambas acepciones.)"@es . . . . . . . . "L\u00F3gica paraconsistente"@es . . "In logica, per logica paraconsistente si intende un sistema formale in cui possono verificarsi in modo controllato delle eccezioni al principio di non contraddizione, cio\u00E8 possono presentarsi delle contraddizioni, senza per\u00F2 che con questo sia possibile derivare nel sistema ogni proposizione, evitando quindi il principio di esplosione. Il termine fu coniato nel 1976 durante la Third Latin America Conference on Mathematical Logic dal filosofo peruviano (1918-).Anche se il dibattito riguardo a sistemi logici in cui si verifichino contraddizioni risale agli Analitici primi di Aristotele, i primi autori che hanno contribuito a sviluppare le logiche paraconsistenti sono Nikolaj Aleksandrovic Vasil'ev (1880-1940), Ivan Orlov (1886-1936), Stanis\u0142aw Ja\u015Bkowski (1906-1965) e Newton da Costa (1929-)."@it . "1113197702"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .