. . . . . . . "Par de Francia"@es . . . . . "La par\u00ECa di Francia era un gruppo di grandi feudatari (pari di Francia), vassalli diretti della corona di Francia."@it . . . "Par Francji (fr. Pair de France, od \u0142ac. par, \u201Er\u00F3wny\u201D; w starszej literaturze polskiej r\u00F3wnie\u017C \u201Eper\u201D) \u2013 do rewolucji francuskiej tytu\u0142 honorowy wysokiej szlachty i duchowie\u0144stwa, w latach 1814\u20131848 tytu\u0142 cz\u0142onka wy\u017Cszej izby parlamentu francuskiego."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Par de Francia es un t\u00EDtulo de dignidad que en un origen se otorgaba a familiares del rey. Por ejemplo, en el Cantar de Rold\u00E1n los doce pares son caballeros sobrinos de Carlomagno. Despu\u00E9s, los pares de Francia fueron un grupo de grandes se\u00F1ores feudales, vasallos directos de la corona de Francia. Al principio se compon\u00EDa de doce pares, seis pares eclesi\u00E1sticos y seis pares laicos. Ten\u00EDan el privilegio de no ser juzgados m\u00E1s que por la Corte de Pares. En contrapartida, ten\u00EDan la obligaci\u00F3n de rendir homenaje (vasallaje) al rey de Francia. A partir del a\u00F1o 1180 se les concedi\u00F3 el derecho de pertenecer al Parlamento y les fue permitido asistir a la ceremonia de la consagraci\u00F3n."@es . . "\u041F\u044D\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u0444\u0440. Pairie de France) \u2014 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044C \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F\u043E\u0439 \u043A\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043D\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0435\u043E\u0434\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432, \u043F\u0440\u044F\u043C\u044B\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u044B \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0418\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043B\u043E \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u044D\u0440\u043E\u0432: \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0438 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445. \u041F\u044D\u0440\u044B \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0433\u0438\u044E \u0431\u044B\u0442\u044C \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043C\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0442\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E . \u0412\u0437\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D \u043E\u043D\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043E\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0436 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044E \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0443 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u0432 \u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0421 1180 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u043F\u044D\u0440\u044B \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044F \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0438."@ru . "\u041F\u044D\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0438"@ru . . . . . . "1123861345"^^ . . "Pair (francouzsky Pairie de France z lat. par \u201Estejn\u00FD\u201C, \u201Erovn\u00FD\u201C) byl \u010Destn\u00FD titul ozna\u010Duj\u00EDc\u00ED od 13. stolet\u00ED politicky privilegovan\u00E9 \u010Dleny vysok\u00E9 \u0161lechty ve Francii. Anglick\u00E1 podoba titulu je peer. Status francouzsk\u00FDch pair\u016F byl nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ED v r\u00E1mci francouzsk\u00E9 \u0161lechty."@cs . . . . . . . . . "19362"^^ . . . . . . . . "Par de Francia es un t\u00EDtulo de dignidad que en un origen se otorgaba a familiares del rey. Por ejemplo, en el Cantar de Rold\u00E1n los doce pares son caballeros sobrinos de Carlomagno. Despu\u00E9s, los pares de Francia fueron un grupo de grandes se\u00F1ores feudales, vasallos directos de la corona de Francia. Al principio se compon\u00EDa de doce pares, seis pares eclesi\u00E1sticos y seis pares laicos. Ten\u00EDan el privilegio de no ser juzgados m\u00E1s que por la Corte de Pares. En contrapartida, ten\u00EDan la obligaci\u00F3n de rendir homenaje (vasallaje) al rey de Francia. A partir del a\u00F1o 1180 se les concedi\u00F3 el derecho de pertenecer al Parlamento y les fue permitido asistir a la ceremonia de la consagraci\u00F3n. Su cometido fue ceremonial a partir del siglo XIII. La dignidad de par, hereditaria por l\u00EDnea masculina, era un t\u00EDtulo de la corona y no un t\u00EDtulo de nobleza. Fue la f\u00F3rmula con la que los reyes distingu\u00EDan a los nobles m\u00E1s importantes del reino. El movimiento se aceler\u00F3 en el siglo XVI. El rey nombr\u00F3 pares a simples se\u00F1ores, situ\u00E1ndolos en el v\u00E9rtice de la pir\u00E1mide de los t\u00EDtulos de Francia. El t\u00EDtulo de los pares de Francia en la \u00E9poca del Antiguo R\u00E9gimen, a diferencia de los pares brit\u00E1nicos, era solo honor\u00EDfico. Sin embargo, los pares conservaban importantes privilegios, como el de asistir al Parlamento de Par\u00EDs, la corte de justicia m\u00E1s importante del reino. En 1814 Luis XVIII cre\u00F3, bas\u00E1ndose en el modelo ingl\u00E9s de la C\u00E1mara de los Lores, una C\u00E1mara de los Pares, que fue parte del poder legislativo. Despu\u00E9s de los Cien D\u00EDas, Napole\u00F3n nombr\u00F3 tambi\u00E9n pares de Francia. La Segunda Restauraci\u00F3n de 1815 restableci\u00F3 la C\u00E1mara de los Pares, cuyo t\u00EDtulo era hereditario. Despu\u00E9s de la Revoluci\u00F3n de Julio en 1830, el rey Luis Felipe conserv\u00F3 la C\u00E1mara de los Pares, pero suprimi\u00F3 la heredad del mismo. Su sede era el Palacio de Luxemburgo, en Par\u00EDs. Conde o duque par: t\u00EDtulo que se a\u00F1ad\u00EDa al condado o ducado correspondiente."@es . . . "Pairie de France (Ancien R\u00E9gime)"@fr . . . "Pair (Francie)"@cs . "\u6CD5\u56FD\u7235\u4F4D"@zh . . . . "Der Titel Pair de France (von lateinisch par \u201Agleich\u2018) bezeichnet seit dem 13. Jahrhundert politisch privilegierte Hochadelige in Frankreich. Die englische Form ist Peer. Der Status eines Pairs von Frankreich war der h\u00F6chste im franz\u00F6sischen Adel und wurde vom K\u00F6nig verliehen. Der Titel wurde 1789 zu Beginn der Franz\u00F6sischen Revolution erstmals abgeschafft. Die Pairskammer wurde jedoch w\u00E4hrend der Restauration der Bourbonen mit der Charte von 1814 wieder eingef\u00FChrt. 1831 wurde der erbliche Titel abgeschafft, doch bestand die Pairw\u00FCrde zu Lebzeiten des Inhabers weiterhin, bis der Titel in der Februarrevolution 1848 endg\u00FCltig abgeschafft wurde."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Der Titel Pair de France (von lateinisch par \u201Agleich\u2018) bezeichnet seit dem 13. Jahrhundert politisch privilegierte Hochadelige in Frankreich. Die englische Form ist Peer. Der Status eines Pairs von Frankreich war der h\u00F6chste im franz\u00F6sischen Adel und wurde vom K\u00F6nig verliehen. Der Titel wurde 1789 zu Beginn der Franz\u00F6sischen Revolution erstmals abgeschafft. Die Pairskammer wurde jedoch w\u00E4hrend der Restauration der Bourbonen mit der Charte von 1814 wieder eingef\u00FChrt. 1831 wurde der erbliche Titel abgeschafft, doch bestand die Pairw\u00FCrde zu Lebzeiten des Inhabers weiterhin, bis der Titel in der Februarrevolution 1848 endg\u00FCltig abgeschafft wurde."@de . . . . . . "Peerage of France"@en . . . . . . "O Pariato da Fran\u00E7a (em franc\u00EAs: Pairie de France) foi uma hierarquia de distin\u00E7\u00E3o da nobreza da Fran\u00E7a que apareceu durante a Idade M\u00E9dia. Foi abolida durante a Revolu\u00E7\u00E3o Francesa em 1789 mas reapareceu depois da revolu\u00E7\u00E3o. Em 1830, a hereditariedade do pariato foi abolida e em 1848 foi extinta em definitivo. Lu\u00EDs VII (1137\u20131180) \u00E9 considerado por alguns historiadores como o criador do sistema pariato franc\u00EAs. O pariato foi designado a algumas jurisdi\u00E7\u00F5es territoriais espec\u00EDficas, seja na S\u00E9 episcopal em alguns casos ou um feudo em casos de pariatos seculares. Pariatos ligados a feudos eram transmiss\u00EDveis por heran\u00E7a com o feudo, e esses feudos eram algumas vezes nomeado como pairie-duch\u00E9 para ducados e pairie-comt\u00E9 para condados. Em 1216 havia nove pares: \n* Arcebispo de Reims que tinha a distin\u00E7\u00E3o de coroar o rei \n* \n* \n* \n* \n* Duque da Normandia \n* Duque de Borgonha \n* Duque da Aquit\u00E2nia tamb\u00E9m chamado de Duque de Guyenne \n* Conde de Champagne Alguns anos depois e antes de 1228 tr\u00EAs pares foram adicionados para totalizar doze pares: \n* Bispo de Laon \n* Conde de Flandres \n* Conde de Toulouse Estes doze pariatos s\u00E3o conhecidos como pariatos anci\u00F5es ou pairie ancienne, e o n\u00FAmero 12 \u00E9 algumas vezes atribu\u00EDdos aos 12 paladinos de Carlos Magno na Can\u00E7\u00E3o de gesta. No in\u00EDcio da revolu\u00E7\u00E3o francesa havia 45 pariatos na nobreza francesa."@pt . "Pariato da Fran\u00E7a"@pt . . . . . . "La pairie de France est compos\u00E9e des grands officiers, vassaux directs de la couronne de France, ayant le titre de pair de France. Ils repr\u00E9sentent les \u00E9lecteurs primitifs \u00E0 la royaut\u00E9 \u00E0 l'\u00E9poque o\u00F9 la primog\u00E9niture n'est pas de r\u00E8gle, et assurent la d\u00E9volution de la couronne selon les lois fondamentales du royaume, ainsi que le choix de la r\u00E9gence en cas de minorit\u00E9. Le nombre de pairs de France est un temps fix\u00E9 \u00E0 douze : six pairs eccl\u00E9siastiques et six pairs la\u00EFcs. Depuis 1180, on les voit charg\u00E9s d'assurer la succession et \u00EAtre associ\u00E9s \u00E0 la c\u00E9r\u00E9monie du sacre o\u00F9 ils repr\u00E9sentent chacun une fonction symbolique de l'investiture."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u6CD5\u56FD\u7235\u4F4D\uFF08\u6CD5\u8A9E\uFF1APairie de France\uFF09\u662F\u6CD5\u56FD\u8D35\u65CF\u95F4\u4E00\u79CD\u4E16\u88AD\u7684\u533A\u522B\u3002\u6CD5\u56FD\u7235\u4F4D\u51FA\u73B0\u4E8E\u4E2D\u4E16\u7EAA\u76841180\u5E74\uFF0C\u5E9F\u9664\u4E8E\u6CD5\u56FD\u5927\u9769\u547D\u65F6\u671F\u76841789\u5E74\uFF0C\u4F46\u5728\u6CE2\u65C1\u590D\u8F9F\u65F6\u53C8\u91CD\u65B0\u51FA\u73B0\uFF0C\u6B64\u95F4\u8BBE\u7ACB\u7684\u8D35\u65CF\u9662\u6709\u548C\u82F1\u56FD\u4E0A\u8BAE\u9662\u76F8\u4F3C\u7684\u7ACB\u5BAA\u529F\u80FD\u30021831\u5E7410\u670810\u65E5\uFF0C\u4F17\u8BAE\u9662\u4EE5324\u7968\u5BF926\u7968\u5E9F\u9664\u4E86\u4E16\u88AD\u8D35\u65CF\u5236\uFF0C\u4F46\u7EC8\u8EAB\u8D35\u65CF\u4F9D\u65E7\u5B58\u5728\uFF0C\u76F4\u5230\u8D35\u65CF\u9662\u548C\u7235\u4F4D\u5728\u4E8C\u6708\u9769\u547D\u540E\u88AB\u660E\u786E\u5E9F\u9664\u3002 \u6CD5\u5170\u897F\u8D35\u65CF\uFF08\u6CD5\u8A9E\uFF1APair de France\uFF09\u53D7\u4EBA\u5C0A\u656C\u7684\u5934\u8854\u548C\u5730\u4F4D\u53EA\u7531\u6CD5\u56FD\u8D35\u65CF\u4E2D\u6700\u9AD8\u8D35\u7684\u6210\u5458\u6301\u6709\u3002\u56E0\u6B64\uFF0C\u6CD5\u56FD\u8D35\u65CF\u4E0E\u4E0D\u540C\uFF0C\u56E0\u4E3A\u5927\u90E8\u5206\u4E00\u822C\u7684\u6CD5\u56FD\u8D35\u65CF\uFF0C\u4ECE\u7537\u7235\u5230\u516C\u7235\uFF0C\u90FD\u4E0D\u662F\u6CD5\u5170\u897F\u8D35\u65CF\u3002\u6CD5\u5170\u897F\u8D35\u65CF\u7684\u5934\u8854\u662F\u4E00\u79CD\u7279\u522B\u7684\u8363\u8A89\uFF0C\u53EA\u6388\u4E88\u4E00\u5C0F\u90E8\u5206\u516C\u7235\uFF0C\u4F2F\u7235\u548C\u5929\u4E3B\u6559\u4F1A\u7684\u4E3B\u6559\u3002\u5728\u8FD9\u65B9\u9762\uFF0C\u5B83\u4E0E\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u5927\u516C\u7684\u7EA7\u522B\u76F8\u4F3C\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . "La pajraro de Francio konsistas el la grandaj oficiroj, rektaj vasaloj de la re\u011Dlando Francio, kun titolo pajro de Francio. Ili estis la praaj elektantoj en la re\u011Dado en la epoko de la regulo de unuenaskiteco, kaj elektis la regenton kaze de neplena\u011Deco. La nombro de pajroj de Francio estis iutempe fiksita al dek du : ses klerikaj pajroj kaj ses laikaj pajroj. De 1180, ili estis komisiitaj pri la sukcedo kaj partopenis la konsekran ceremonion, kie ili reprezentas simbolan oficon de la ekre\u011Dado. Ekde la fino de la 13-a jarcento, la ses laikaj , kies bienoj estis reenigitaj en la re\u011Dlando, estis apana\u011Daj princoj, kaj la novaj pajroj, kiuj estis kreitaj ludis nur ceremonian rolon. Kvankam la pajroj estis principe egalaj, ilia digneco dependis de la malnoveco de ilia kreo. En 1814, Ludoviko la 18-a kreis la\u016D la angla modelo , partoprenanta en la le\u011Dofara povo. Okaze de la Cent-Tagoj, anka\u016D Napoleono nomumis pajrojn de Francio. La Dua Resurtronigo de 1815 restarigis la \u0109ambron de la pajroj, kiuj estis herede nomumitaj. Post la revolucio de 1830, la re\u011Do Ludoviko-Filipo konservis la \u0109ambron de la pajroj, sed forigis la heredecon de la pajroj."@eo . . "Een pair van Frankrijk (Frans: Pair de France) is een titel uit het feodale Frankrijk. Deze titel werd gegeven aan de hoogste vazallen van de Franse koning. De titel ontstond in de 12e eeuw om de hoge en lage vazallen van elkaar te kunnen onderscheiden, en verdween samen met de Franse monarchie tijdens de Franse Revolutie. Aanvankelijk werden 12 pairs ingesteld, maar dat aantal zou later oplopen tot 26. Van de oorspronkelijke 12 waren 6 pairs kerkelijk, en 6 wereldlijk. De kerkelijke pairs stonden hoger dan de wereldlijke."@nl . . . . . . . "\u6CD5\u56FD\u7235\u4F4D\uFF08\u6CD5\u8A9E\uFF1APairie de France\uFF09\u662F\u6CD5\u56FD\u8D35\u65CF\u95F4\u4E00\u79CD\u4E16\u88AD\u7684\u533A\u522B\u3002\u6CD5\u56FD\u7235\u4F4D\u51FA\u73B0\u4E8E\u4E2D\u4E16\u7EAA\u76841180\u5E74\uFF0C\u5E9F\u9664\u4E8E\u6CD5\u56FD\u5927\u9769\u547D\u65F6\u671F\u76841789\u5E74\uFF0C\u4F46\u5728\u6CE2\u65C1\u590D\u8F9F\u65F6\u53C8\u91CD\u65B0\u51FA\u73B0\uFF0C\u6B64\u95F4\u8BBE\u7ACB\u7684\u8D35\u65CF\u9662\u6709\u548C\u82F1\u56FD\u4E0A\u8BAE\u9662\u76F8\u4F3C\u7684\u7ACB\u5BAA\u529F\u80FD\u30021831\u5E7410\u670810\u65E5\uFF0C\u4F17\u8BAE\u9662\u4EE5324\u7968\u5BF926\u7968\u5E9F\u9664\u4E86\u4E16\u88AD\u8D35\u65CF\u5236\uFF0C\u4F46\u7EC8\u8EAB\u8D35\u65CF\u4F9D\u65E7\u5B58\u5728\uFF0C\u76F4\u5230\u8D35\u65CF\u9662\u548C\u7235\u4F4D\u5728\u4E8C\u6708\u9769\u547D\u540E\u88AB\u660E\u786E\u5E9F\u9664\u3002 \u6CD5\u5170\u897F\u8D35\u65CF\uFF08\u6CD5\u8A9E\uFF1APair de France\uFF09\u53D7\u4EBA\u5C0A\u656C\u7684\u5934\u8854\u548C\u5730\u4F4D\u53EA\u7531\u6CD5\u56FD\u8D35\u65CF\u4E2D\u6700\u9AD8\u8D35\u7684\u6210\u5458\u6301\u6709\u3002\u56E0\u6B64\uFF0C\u6CD5\u56FD\u8D35\u65CF\u4E0E\u4E0D\u540C\uFF0C\u56E0\u4E3A\u5927\u90E8\u5206\u4E00\u822C\u7684\u6CD5\u56FD\u8D35\u65CF\uFF0C\u4ECE\u7537\u7235\u5230\u516C\u7235\uFF0C\u90FD\u4E0D\u662F\u6CD5\u5170\u897F\u8D35\u65CF\u3002\u6CD5\u5170\u897F\u8D35\u65CF\u7684\u5934\u8854\u662F\u4E00\u79CD\u7279\u522B\u7684\u8363\u8A89\uFF0C\u53EA\u6388\u4E88\u4E00\u5C0F\u90E8\u5206\u516C\u7235\uFF0C\u4F2F\u7235\u548C\u5929\u4E3B\u6559\u4F1A\u7684\u4E3B\u6559\u3002\u5728\u8FD9\u65B9\u9762\uFF0C\u5B83\u4E0E\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u5927\u516C\u7684\u7EA7\u522B\u76F8\u4F3C\u3002"@zh . . . . . "\u041F\u044D\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u0444\u0440. Pairie de France) \u2014 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044C \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F\u043E\u0439 \u043A\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043D\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0435\u043E\u0434\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432, \u043F\u0440\u044F\u043C\u044B\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u044B \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0418\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043B\u043E \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u044D\u0440\u043E\u0432: \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0438 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445. \u041F\u044D\u0440\u044B \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0433\u0438\u044E \u0431\u044B\u0442\u044C \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043C\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0442\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E . \u0412\u0437\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D \u043E\u043D\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043E\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0436 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044E \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0443 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u0432 \u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0421 1180 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u043F\u044D\u0440\u044B \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044F \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0438."@ru . . . . . . . "Par Francji"@pl . . . . "\u041F\u0435\u0440 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457"@uk . "O Pariato da Fran\u00E7a (em franc\u00EAs: Pairie de France) foi uma hierarquia de distin\u00E7\u00E3o da nobreza da Fran\u00E7a que apareceu durante a Idade M\u00E9dia. Foi abolida durante a Revolu\u00E7\u00E3o Francesa em 1789 mas reapareceu depois da revolu\u00E7\u00E3o. Em 1830, a hereditariedade do pariato foi abolida e em 1848 foi extinta em definitivo. Lu\u00EDs VII (1137\u20131180) \u00E9 considerado por alguns historiadores como o criador do sistema pariato franc\u00EAs. Em 1216 havia nove pares: Alguns anos depois e antes de 1228 tr\u00EAs pares foram adicionados para totalizar doze pares: \n* Bispo de Laon \n* Conde de Flandres \n* Conde de Toulouse"@pt . . . . . "\uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC758 \uB300\uADC0\uC871\uC81C(\uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC5B4: Pairie de France \uD398\uB9AC \uB4DC \uD504\uB791\uC2A4[*])\uB294 \uB4E4 \uC911 \uBA87\uBA87 \uC791\uC704\uC5D0 \uC8FC\uC5B4\uC9C4 \uD2B9\uC218\uD55C \uC9C0\uC704\uB97C \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0B4\uC774\uB2E4. 1180\uB144\uACBD\uBD80\uD130 \uADF8 \uC874\uC7AC\uAC00 \uB098\uD0C0\uB098\uBA70, \uADC0\uC871\uB4E4 \uC911\uC5D0\uC11C\uB3C4 \uC18C\uC218\uB9CC\uC774 \uB300\uADC0\uC871\uC5D0 \uC18D\uD588\uB2E4. 1789\uB144 \uD504\uB791\uC2A4 \uD601\uBA85 \uC640\uC911\uC5D0 \uD3D0\uC9C0\uB418\uC5C8\uC73C\uB098 1814\uB144 \uC655\uC815\uBCF5\uACE0 \uB54C \uBD80\uD65C\uD588\uB2E4. \uC774\uD6C4 \uD504\uB791\uC2A4 \uC81C1\uC81C\uAD6D \uBD95\uAD34 \uC774\uD6C4 \uC601\uAD6D\uCC98\uB7FC \uC0C1\uC6D0\uC758 \uC5ED\uD560\uC744 \uD558\uB294 \uADC0\uC871\uC6D0\uC774 \uC124\uCE58\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. 1831\uB144 10\uC6D4 10\uC77C, \uD558\uC6D0\uC5D0\uC11C \uB300\uADC0\uC871 \uC791\uC704\uC758 \uC138\uC2B5\uC744 \uC911\uB2E8\uC2DC\uD0AC \uAC83\uC744 324\uB300 26\uC73C\uB85C \uAC00\uACB0\uC2DC\uCF30\uC73C\uB098 \uC544\uC9C1 \uC0DD\uC874 \uC911\uC778 \uB300\uADC0\uC871\uC758 \uC791\uC704\uB294 \uBC15\uD0C8\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC558\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB7EC\uB2E4 1848\uB144 \uD601\uBA85\uC774 \uC77C\uC5B4\uB098\uBA74\uC11C \uBAA8\uC870\uB9AC \uBC15\uD0C8, \uD3D0\uC9C0\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uB300\uADC0\uC871 \uC791\uC704 \uBCF4\uC720\uC790\uB97C \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC758 \uB300\uADC0\uC871(\uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC5B4: Pair de France \uD398\uB974 \uB4DC \uD504\uB791\uC2A4[*])\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uD588\uB2E4. (Peerage)\uC640 \uB2E8\uC5B4\uB294 \uAC19\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC601\uAD6D\uC758 peerage\uB294 \uB0A8\uC791 \uC774\uC0C1\uC758 \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uADC0\uC871 \uC804\uBC18\uC744 \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A4\uB294 \uAC83\uC778 \uBC18\uBA74 \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC758 Pairie\uB294 \uADC0\uC871 \uC911\uC5D0\uC11C\uB3C4 \uCD5C\uACE0\uC704 \uADC0\uC871\uB9CC\uC744 \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A8\uB2E4. \uADF8 \uC591\uD0DC\uAC00 \uC720\uC0AC\uD55C \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C\uB294 \uC2A4\uD398\uC778\uC758 \uB300\uADC0\uC871(Grandes)\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4. \uB300\uADC0\uC871\uC758 \uAD00\uC5D0\uB294 \uD478\uB978\uC0C9 \uBCF4\uB2DB\uC774 \uCD94\uAC00\uB418\uC5B4 \uC77C\uBC18 \uADC0\uC871\uACFC \uAD6C\uBD84\uB41C\uB2E4. \n* \uB300\uACF5\uC791\uAD00 \n* \uB300\uD6C4\uC791\uAD00 \n* \uB300\uBC31\uC791\uAD00"@ko . "Par Francji (fr. Pair de France, od \u0142ac. par, \u201Er\u00F3wny\u201D; w starszej literaturze polskiej r\u00F3wnie\u017C \u201Eper\u201D) \u2013 do rewolucji francuskiej tytu\u0142 honorowy wysokiej szlachty i duchowie\u0144stwa, w latach 1814\u20131848 tytu\u0142 cz\u0142onka wy\u017Cszej izby parlamentu francuskiego."@pl . . . . . . . "Pair (francouzsky Pairie de France z lat. par \u201Estejn\u00FD\u201C, \u201Erovn\u00FD\u201C) byl \u010Destn\u00FD titul ozna\u010Duj\u00EDc\u00ED od 13. stolet\u00ED politicky privilegovan\u00E9 \u010Dleny vysok\u00E9 \u0161lechty ve Francii. Anglick\u00E1 podoba titulu je peer. Status francouzsk\u00FDch pair\u016F byl nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ED v r\u00E1mci francouzsk\u00E9 \u0161lechty."@cs . . . "Pajraro de Francio (Malnova Re\u011Dimo)"@eo . "The Peerage of France (French: Pairie de France) was a hereditary distinction within the French nobility which appeared in 1180 in the Middle Ages. The prestigious title and position of Peer of France (French: Pair de France) was held by the greatest, highest-ranking members of the French nobility. French peerage thus differed from British peerage (to whom the term \"baronage\", also employed as the title of the lowest noble rank, was applied in its generic sense), for the vast majority of French nobles, from baron to duke, were not peers. The title of Peer of France was an extraordinary honour granted only to a small number of dukes, counts, and princes of the Roman Catholic Church. It was analogous to the rank of Grandee of Spain in this respect."@en . . . . . "Pair van Frankrijk"@nl . "The Peerage of France (French: Pairie de France) was a hereditary distinction within the French nobility which appeared in 1180 in the Middle Ages. The prestigious title and position of Peer of France (French: Pair de France) was held by the greatest, highest-ranking members of the French nobility. French peerage thus differed from British peerage (to whom the term \"baronage\", also employed as the title of the lowest noble rank, was applied in its generic sense), for the vast majority of French nobles, from baron to duke, were not peers. The title of Peer of France was an extraordinary honour granted only to a small number of dukes, counts, and princes of the Roman Catholic Church. It was analogous to the rank of Grandee of Spain in this respect. The distinction was abolished in 1789 during the French Revolution, but it reappeared in 1814 at the time of the Bourbon Restoration, which followed the fall of the First French Empire, when the Chamber of Peers was given a constitutional function somewhat along British lines which lasted until the Revolution of 1848. On 10 October 1831, by a vote of 324 against 26 of the Chamber of Deputies, hereditary peerages were abolished, but peerages for the life of the holder continued to exist until the chamber and rank were definitively abolished in 1848. The Peerage of France still exists today, as recognized by the Monarchy of Canada.(Further information: Canadian peers and baronets)\n"@en . . . . . "\uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC758 \uB300\uADC0\uC871\uC81C(\uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC5B4: Pairie de France \uD398\uB9AC \uB4DC \uD504\uB791\uC2A4[*])\uB294 \uB4E4 \uC911 \uBA87\uBA87 \uC791\uC704\uC5D0 \uC8FC\uC5B4\uC9C4 \uD2B9\uC218\uD55C \uC9C0\uC704\uB97C \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0B4\uC774\uB2E4. 1180\uB144\uACBD\uBD80\uD130 \uADF8 \uC874\uC7AC\uAC00 \uB098\uD0C0\uB098\uBA70, \uADC0\uC871\uB4E4 \uC911\uC5D0\uC11C\uB3C4 \uC18C\uC218\uB9CC\uC774 \uB300\uADC0\uC871\uC5D0 \uC18D\uD588\uB2E4. 1789\uB144 \uD504\uB791\uC2A4 \uD601\uBA85 \uC640\uC911\uC5D0 \uD3D0\uC9C0\uB418\uC5C8\uC73C\uB098 1814\uB144 \uC655\uC815\uBCF5\uACE0 \uB54C \uBD80\uD65C\uD588\uB2E4. \uC774\uD6C4 \uD504\uB791\uC2A4 \uC81C1\uC81C\uAD6D \uBD95\uAD34 \uC774\uD6C4 \uC601\uAD6D\uCC98\uB7FC \uC0C1\uC6D0\uC758 \uC5ED\uD560\uC744 \uD558\uB294 \uADC0\uC871\uC6D0\uC774 \uC124\uCE58\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. 1831\uB144 10\uC6D4 10\uC77C, \uD558\uC6D0\uC5D0\uC11C \uB300\uADC0\uC871 \uC791\uC704\uC758 \uC138\uC2B5\uC744 \uC911\uB2E8\uC2DC\uD0AC \uAC83\uC744 324\uB300 26\uC73C\uB85C \uAC00\uACB0\uC2DC\uCF30\uC73C\uB098 \uC544\uC9C1 \uC0DD\uC874 \uC911\uC778 \uB300\uADC0\uC871\uC758 \uC791\uC704\uB294 \uBC15\uD0C8\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC558\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB7EC\uB2E4 1848\uB144 \uD601\uBA85\uC774 \uC77C\uC5B4\uB098\uBA74\uC11C \uBAA8\uC870\uB9AC \uBC15\uD0C8, \uD3D0\uC9C0\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uB300\uADC0\uC871 \uC791\uC704 \uBCF4\uC720\uC790\uB97C \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC758 \uB300\uADC0\uC871(\uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC5B4: Pair de France \uD398\uB974 \uB4DC \uD504\uB791\uC2A4[*])\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uD588\uB2E4. (Peerage)\uC640 \uB2E8\uC5B4\uB294 \uAC19\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC601\uAD6D\uC758 peerage\uB294 \uB0A8\uC791 \uC774\uC0C1\uC758 \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uADC0\uC871 \uC804\uBC18\uC744 \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A4\uB294 \uAC83\uC778 \uBC18\uBA74 \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC758 Pairie\uB294 \uADC0\uC871 \uC911\uC5D0\uC11C\uB3C4 \uCD5C\uACE0\uC704 \uADC0\uC871\uB9CC\uC744 \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A8\uB2E4. \uADF8 \uC591\uD0DC\uAC00 \uC720\uC0AC\uD55C \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C\uB294 \uC2A4\uD398\uC778\uC758 \uB300\uADC0\uC871(Grandes)\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4. \uB300\uADC0\uC871\uC758 \uAD00\uC5D0\uB294 \uD478\uB978\uC0C9 \uBCF4\uB2DB\uC774 \uCD94\uAC00\uB418\uC5B4 \uC77C\uBC18 \uADC0\uC871\uACFC \uAD6C\uBD84\uB41C\uB2E4. \n* \uB300\uACF5\uC791\uAD00 \n* \uB300\uD6C4\uC791\uAD00 \n* \uB300\uBC31\uC791\uAD00"@ko . . . "La pajraro de Francio konsistas el la grandaj oficiroj, rektaj vasaloj de la re\u011Dlando Francio, kun titolo pajro de Francio. Ili estis la praaj elektantoj en la re\u011Dado en la epoko de la regulo de unuenaskiteco, kaj elektis la regenton kaze de neplena\u011Deco. La nombro de pajroj de Francio estis iutempe fiksita al dek du : ses klerikaj pajroj kaj ses laikaj pajroj. De 1180, ili estis komisiitaj pri la sukcedo kaj partopenis la konsekran ceremonion, kie ili reprezentas simbolan oficon de la ekre\u011Dado. Kvankam la pajroj estis principe egalaj, ilia digneco dependis de la malnoveco de ilia kreo."@eo . . . "\u041F\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457 (\u0444\u0440. Pairie de France) \u2014 \u0443 1180 \u2014 1830 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0435\u043E\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0432, \u043F\u0440\u044F\u043C\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0432 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u043D\u043D\u043E \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044C \u0456\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0434\u0446\u044F\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432: \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0456 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u043C\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043B\u0435\u0457 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0438 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 . \u041D\u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0432\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u043E\u043C\u0430\u0436 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044E \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u0443 \u044F\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0432 \u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456. \u0417 1180 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0443 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0457 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044F \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457."@uk . . . . "\u041F\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457 (\u0444\u0440. Pairie de France) \u2014 \u0443 1180 \u2014 1830 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0435\u043E\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0432, \u043F\u0440\u044F\u043C\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0432 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u043D\u043D\u043E \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044C \u0456\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0434\u0446\u044F\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432: \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0456 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u043C\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043B\u0435\u0457 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0438 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 . \u041D\u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0432\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u043E\u043C\u0430\u0436 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044E \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u0443 \u044F\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0432 \u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456. \u0417 1180 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0443 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0457 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044F \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u041F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u043E\u0432\u043E \u0437\u0456 \u0437\u0433\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u0444\u0435\u043E\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u043C\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0437 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043C \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043D\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u0456\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0443 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0448\u043D\u0454 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F. \u041A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0454\u044E \u043C\u0438\u043B\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044E \u043C\u0456\u0433 \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043D\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u0432\u043E\u0440\u044F\u043D\u0438\u043D\u0430, \u00AB\u043F\u0440\u0438\u0432'\u044F\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u00BB \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u043E \u0432\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0434\u0456\u043D\u043D\u044F-\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0449\u043E \u0432\u0436\u0435 \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E, \u0430\u0431\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438 \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u0435\u043C\u043B\u044F\u043C \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0443 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0417 \u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043C\u043E\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0443 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u043E \u0442\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043B\u043E\u043C \u0456 \u043D\u0435 \u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0435 (\u043D\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0457), \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043D\u044F\u0442\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E, \u0449\u043E \u0437\u0430 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044C \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043E \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043D\u0456\u043C\u0438 \u0432 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0456 \u0439 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0441\u0443\u0434\u043E\u043C. 1814 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u041B\u044E\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043A XVIII \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0432 \u0437\u0430 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u044E \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u043B\u044E , \u044F\u043A\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0437 \u0456\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0447\u043E\u0457 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D\u0438. \u0417\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u0421\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043D\u0456\u0432 \u041D\u0430\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043E\u043D I \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F 1815 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u043F\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432 (\u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0446\u044C\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043B \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043C\u0456\u0433 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044C \u0443 \u0441\u043F\u0430\u0434\u0449\u0438\u043D\u0443). \u041F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u041B\u0443\u0457-\u0424\u0456\u043B\u0456\u043F \u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433 \u043F\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435 \u043B\u0456\u043A\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0441\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430."@uk . . "La par\u00ECa di Francia era un gruppo di grandi feudatari (pari di Francia), vassalli diretti della corona di Francia."@it . "317217"^^ . . "\uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC758 \uB300\uADC0\uC871\uC81C"@ko . . "Paria di Francia"@it . . . "La pairie de France est compos\u00E9e des grands officiers, vassaux directs de la couronne de France, ayant le titre de pair de France. Ils repr\u00E9sentent les \u00E9lecteurs primitifs \u00E0 la royaut\u00E9 \u00E0 l'\u00E9poque o\u00F9 la primog\u00E9niture n'est pas de r\u00E8gle, et assurent la d\u00E9volution de la couronne selon les lois fondamentales du royaume, ainsi que le choix de la r\u00E9gence en cas de minorit\u00E9. Le nombre de pairs de France est un temps fix\u00E9 \u00E0 douze : six pairs eccl\u00E9siastiques et six pairs la\u00EFcs. Depuis 1180, on les voit charg\u00E9s d'assurer la succession et \u00EAtre associ\u00E9s \u00E0 la c\u00E9r\u00E9monie du sacre o\u00F9 ils repr\u00E9sentent chacun une fonction symbolique de l'investiture. \u00C0 partir de la fin du XIIIe si\u00E8cle, les six pairies la\u00EFques, dont les terres sont revenues \u00E0 la couronne, sont des apanages princiers, et les nouveaux pairs qui sont cr\u00E9\u00E9s ne jouent qu'un r\u00F4le c\u00E9r\u00E9moniel. La pairie, qui est un office de la couronne et non un titre de noblesse, devient un moyen pour les rois de distinguer et de s'attacher les nobles les plus importants du royaume. Le mouvement s'acc\u00E9l\u00E8re au XVIe si\u00E8cle : le roi nomme alors de simples gentilshommes \u00E0 la pairie, les hissant au sommet de la pyramide des dignit\u00E9s en France. Il faut, pour \u00EAtre pair, jouir d'un fief auquel est attach\u00E9e une pairie et descendre de la premi\u00E8re personne \u00E0 qui avait \u00E9t\u00E9 attribu\u00E9 l'office. Le r\u00F4le des pairs de France, \u00E0 la fin de l'Ancien R\u00E9gime, \u00E0 la diff\u00E9rence des pairs britanniques, est seulement honorifique. Les pairs modernes conservent des privil\u00E8ges d'ordre honorifique, comme celui de si\u00E9ger au Parlement de Paris et de ne pouvoir \u00EAtre jug\u00E9s que par une cour sp\u00E9ciale compos\u00E9e d'autres pairs. Bien que les pairs soient en principe tous \u00E9gaux, leur dignit\u00E9 est fonction de l'anciennet\u00E9 de leur cr\u00E9ation. En 1814, Louis XVIII cr\u00E9e sur le mod\u00E8le anglais une chambre des pairs, participant au pouvoir l\u00E9gislatif. Lors des Cent-Jours, Napol\u00E9on nomme lui aussi des pairs de France. La Seconde Restauration de 1815 r\u00E9tablit la chambre des pairs, qui sont nomm\u00E9s \u00E0 titre h\u00E9r\u00E9ditaire. Apr\u00E8s la r\u00E9volution de Juillet en 1830, le roi Louis-Philippe conserve la chambre des pairs, mais supprime l'h\u00E9r\u00E9dit\u00E9 de la pairie."@fr . . . . . . "Een pair van Frankrijk (Frans: Pair de France) is een titel uit het feodale Frankrijk. Deze titel werd gegeven aan de hoogste vazallen van de Franse koning. De titel ontstond in de 12e eeuw om de hoge en lage vazallen van elkaar te kunnen onderscheiden, en verdween samen met de Franse monarchie tijdens de Franse Revolutie. Aanvankelijk werden 12 pairs ingesteld, maar dat aantal zou later oplopen tot 26. Van de oorspronkelijke 12 waren 6 pairs kerkelijk, en 6 wereldlijk. De kerkelijke pairs stonden hoger dan de wereldlijke."@nl . . "Pair de France"@de .