"2809585"^^ . "4837"^^ . . "\u5149\u6F02\u767D\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1APhotobleaching\uFF0C\u4EA6\u79F0\u4E3A\u5149\u81F4\u892A\u8272\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u500B\u5C0D\u87A2\u5149\u5718\u7684\u5149\u5316\u5B78\u7834\u58DE\u3002\u5728\u663E\u5FAE\u672F\u4E2D\uFF0C\u5149\u6F02\u767D\u4F7F\u5F97\u89C0\u6E2C\u8B8A\u5F97\u5F88\u8907\u96DC\uFF0C\u56E0\u70BA\u5B83\u6703\u9020\u6210\u7834\u58DE\uFF0C\u4F7F\u87A2\u5149\u5718\u7121\u6CD5\u7E7C\u7E8C\u653E\u5149\u3002\u6B64\u73FE\u8C61\u9020\u6210\u9593\u6B47\u6027\u62CD\u651D\u5149\u8B5C(time-lapse microscopy)\u89C0\u6E2C\u4E0A\u7684\u5E72\u64FE\u3002 \u7136\u800C\uFF0C\u5149\u6F02\u767D\u4E5F\u63D0\u4F9B\u4E86\u4E9B\u61C9\u7528\u5728quench\u4E0A(\u4E3B\u8981\u5728antibody-linked)\u3002\u9019\u53EF\u4EE5\u5E6B\u52A9\u63D0\u9AD8\u4FE1\u566A\u6BD4\u3002 \u5149\u6F02\u767D\u4E5F\u7528\u4F86\u7814\u7A76\u5206\u5B50\u904B\u52D5\u548C\u5206\u5B50\u64F4\u6563\u73FE\u8C61\uFF0C\u50CF\u662F\u6216\u6280\u8853\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u53EF\u4EE5\u85C9\u8457\u63A7\u5236\u5149\u7684\u5F37\u5EA6\u4EE5\u53CA\u7167\u5C04\u6642\u9593\uFF0C\u4F86\u9032\u800C\u63A7\u5236\u5149\u6F02\u767D\u7684\u73FE\u8C61\u3002\u6216\u662F\u4F7F\u7528\u7D50\u69CB\u8F03\u5F37\u7684\u87A2\u5149\u5718\u4F86\u6E1B\u5C11\u5149\u6F02\u767D\u7684\u73FE\u8C61(\u4F8B: s \u6216 DyLight Fluors)\u3002\u4E00\u500B\u9069\u7576\u8B93\u87A2\u5149\u5206\u5B50\u88AB\u7834\u58DE\u7684\u65B9\u6CD5\u662F\u56FA\u5B9A\u689D\u4EF6(\u5F37\u5EA6x\u7167\u5C04\u6642\u9593x\u5FAA\u74B0\u6B21\u6578)\uFF0C\u56E0\u70BA\u5728\u56FA\u5B9A\u9019\u4E9B\u689D\u4EF6\u4E0B\uFF0C\u6BCF\u6B21\u5438\u6536\u653E\u5149\u5FAA\u74B0\u6709\u76F8\u540C\u7684\u5149\u6F02\u767D\u671F\u671B\u503C\u3002"@zh . "El fotoblanqueo, m\u00E1s conocido por su nombre en ingl\u00E9s, Photobleaching es la destrucci\u00F3n fotoqu\u00EDmica de un fluor\u00F3foro. En microscop\u00EDa, el fotoblanqueo puede complicar la observaci\u00F3n de las mol\u00E9culas fluorescentes, puesto que en alg\u00FAn momento pueden ser destruidas por la exposici\u00F3n de luz necesaria para estimularlos de modo que produzcan fluorescencia. Esto es especialmente problem\u00E1tico en la microscop\u00EDa que toma im\u00E1genes a intervalos de tiempo. Tambi\u00E9n se puede emplear el fotoblanqueo para estudiar el movimiento y/o difusi\u00F3n de mol\u00E9culas, por ejemplo mediante las t\u00E9cnicas conocidas como o ."@es . "Photoblanchiment"@fr . . . "O fotobranqueamento, mais conhecido por seu nome em ingl\u00EAs, photobleaching, \u00E9 a destrui\u00E7\u00E3o fotoqu\u00EDmica de um fluor\u00F3foro. Em microscopia, o fotobranqueamento pode tornar complicada a observa\u00E7\u00E3o das mol\u00E9culas fluorescentes, devido que em algum momento podem ser destruidas pela exposi\u00E7\u00E3o de luz necess\u00E1ria para estimul\u00E1-los de modo que produzam fluoresc\u00EAncia. Isto \u00E9 especialmente problem\u00E1tico na microscopia que capta imagens a intervalos de tempo. H\u00E1 v\u00E1rios corantes org\u00E2nicos no mercado, por\u00E9m h\u00E1 os pontos qu\u00E2nticos (QD's) como corantes que apresentam vantagens de elevada resist\u00EAncia a fotodegrada\u00E7\u00E3o quando comparado a maioria dos corantes comerciais. O processo envolve a diminui\u00E7\u00E3o da absor\u00E7\u00E3o e da intensidade de fluoresc\u00EAncia de determinado fluor\u00F3foro. T\u00E9cnicas como Perda de Fluoresc\u00EAncia no Fotobranqueamento (Fluorescence Loss in Photobleaching - FLIP) e Recupera\u00E7\u00E3o de Fluoresc\u00EAncia ap\u00F3s Fotobranqueamento (Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching - FRAP) s\u00E3o utilizadas para observar o movimento de subst\u00E2ncias intracelulares. O fotobranqueamento \u00E9 o fen\u00F4meno caracterizado pela perda de fluoresc\u00EAncia que, em determinadas circunst\u00E2ncias, permite aceder a informa\u00E7\u00F5es que de outra forma n\u00E3o seriam poss\u00EDveis de obter, como a verifica\u00E7\u00E3o da integridade/continuidade da membrana e a examina\u00E7\u00E3o da fluidez na dire\u00E7\u00E3o lateral, como mostra a figura ao lado."@pt . "\u0424\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 (\u0444\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u043E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043C) \u2014 \u0444\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043B\u044E\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0444\u043E\u0440\u0430. \u0412 \u043C\u0438\u043A\u0440\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0436\u043D\u044F\u0442\u044C \u043D\u0430\u0431\u043B\u044E\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0444\u043B\u044E\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043A \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435\u043C \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043C, \u0432\u044B\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u043C \u0444\u043B\u044E\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0438\u044E. \u0424\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044B\u0442\u044C \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E \u0434\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0444\u043B\u044E\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432, \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0441 \u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0433\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0430\u0443\u0442\u043E\u0444\u043B\u0443\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442 \u043F\u043E\u043D\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0444\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0430."@ru . . "In optics, photobleaching (sometimes termed fading) is the photochemical alteration of a dye or a fluorophore molecule such that it is permanently unable to fluoresce. This is caused by cleaving of covalent bonds or non-specific reactions between the fluorophore and surrounding molecules. Such irreversible modifications in covalent bonds are caused by transition from a singlet state to the triplet state of the fluorophores. The number of excitation cycles to achieve full bleaching varies. In microscopy, photobleaching may complicate the observation of fluorescent molecules, since they will eventually be destroyed by the light exposure necessary to stimulate them into fluorescing. This is especially problematic in time-lapse microscopy."@en . . . "\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0628\u0628\u064A\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064A (\u062A\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064A)(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: photobleaching)\u200F \u0644\u0644\u062C\u0632\u064A\u0626\u0627\u062A \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064A\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0647\u0648 \u062A\u063A\u064A\u064A\u0631 \u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064A \u0644\u0635\u0628\u063A\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062C\u0632\u064A\u0621 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062C\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062F\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064A \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062F\u0627\u0626\u0645 . \u0648\u064A\u0639\u0648\u062F \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062A\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0632\u064A\u0626\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u064A\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0639\u062F\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062A \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062C\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0644\u062B\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645. \u0642\u062F \u064A\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u062F\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u064A\u062C\u0628 \u062A\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0628\u064A\u064A\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062A\u0628\u064A\u064A\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u062A\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064A \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0632\u0626\u064A\u0627\u062A. \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u060C \u0642\u062F \u064A\u0624\u062F\u064A \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064A\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062C\u0632\u064A\u0626\u0627\u062A \u060C \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u062F \u062A\u062F\u0645\u0631\u062A \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0646 \u062A\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062A \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062A\u062D\u0641\u064A\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062D\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u062D\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0647\u0631\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062D\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0647\u0631\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064A"@ar . "\u5149\u6F02\u767D\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1APhotobleaching\uFF0C\u4EA6\u79F0\u4E3A\u5149\u81F4\u892A\u8272\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u500B\u5C0D\u87A2\u5149\u5718\u7684\u5149\u5316\u5B78\u7834\u58DE\u3002\u5728\u663E\u5FAE\u672F\u4E2D\uFF0C\u5149\u6F02\u767D\u4F7F\u5F97\u89C0\u6E2C\u8B8A\u5F97\u5F88\u8907\u96DC\uFF0C\u56E0\u70BA\u5B83\u6703\u9020\u6210\u7834\u58DE\uFF0C\u4F7F\u87A2\u5149\u5718\u7121\u6CD5\u7E7C\u7E8C\u653E\u5149\u3002\u6B64\u73FE\u8C61\u9020\u6210\u9593\u6B47\u6027\u62CD\u651D\u5149\u8B5C(time-lapse microscopy)\u89C0\u6E2C\u4E0A\u7684\u5E72\u64FE\u3002 \u7136\u800C\uFF0C\u5149\u6F02\u767D\u4E5F\u63D0\u4F9B\u4E86\u4E9B\u61C9\u7528\u5728quench\u4E0A(\u4E3B\u8981\u5728antibody-linked)\u3002\u9019\u53EF\u4EE5\u5E6B\u52A9\u63D0\u9AD8\u4FE1\u566A\u6BD4\u3002 \u5149\u6F02\u767D\u4E5F\u7528\u4F86\u7814\u7A76\u5206\u5B50\u904B\u52D5\u548C\u5206\u5B50\u64F4\u6563\u73FE\u8C61\uFF0C\u50CF\u662F\u6216\u6280\u8853\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u53EF\u4EE5\u85C9\u8457\u63A7\u5236\u5149\u7684\u5F37\u5EA6\u4EE5\u53CA\u7167\u5C04\u6642\u9593\uFF0C\u4F86\u9032\u800C\u63A7\u5236\u5149\u6F02\u767D\u7684\u73FE\u8C61\u3002\u6216\u662F\u4F7F\u7528\u7D50\u69CB\u8F03\u5F37\u7684\u87A2\u5149\u5718\u4F86\u6E1B\u5C11\u5149\u6F02\u767D\u7684\u73FE\u8C61(\u4F8B: s \u6216 DyLight Fluors)\u3002\u4E00\u500B\u9069\u7576\u8B93\u87A2\u5149\u5206\u5B50\u88AB\u7834\u58DE\u7684\u65B9\u6CD5\u662F\u56FA\u5B9A\u689D\u4EF6(\u5F37\u5EA6x\u7167\u5C04\u6642\u9593x\u5FAA\u74B0\u6B21\u6578)\uFF0C\u56E0\u70BA\u5728\u56FA\u5B9A\u9019\u4E9B\u689D\u4EF6\u4E0B\uFF0C\u6BCF\u6B21\u5438\u6536\u653E\u5149\u5FAA\u74B0\u6709\u76F8\u540C\u7684\u5149\u6F02\u767D\u671F\u671B\u503C\u3002"@zh . "Fotobranqueamento"@pt . . . . . . . . . . "\uAD11\uD45C\uBC31"@ko . . "Fotobleaching"@it . . . "1103165563"^^ . . "Le photoblanchiment est la perte de fluorescence d'une mol\u00E9cule.Une mol\u00E9cule fluorescente \u00E0 l'\u00E9tat excit\u00E9e peut soit \u00E9mettre un photon, soit \u00EAtre engag\u00E9e dans une r\u00E9action photochimique qui va emp\u00EAcher son retour \u00E0 un \u00E9tat excitable. Il peut s'agir d'une r\u00E9action avec l'oxyg\u00E8ne sous forme de radicaux libres.Plus on excite un fluorochrome, plus la proportion de fluorochrome photoblanchie est grande, jusqu'\u00E0 extinction de la fluorescence. Chaque fluorochrome pr\u00E9sente une cin\u00E9tique de photoblanchiment particuli\u00E8re. Le photoblanchiment peut \u00EAtre une limite \u00E0 plusieurs m\u00E9thodes de microscopie utilisant la fluorescence. Il est n\u00E9anmoins utilis\u00E9 comme m\u00E9thode de mesure de transfert d'\u00E9nergie entre mol\u00E9cules fluorescentes. Il est aussi \u00E0 la base de la m\u00E9thode de redistribution de fluorescence apr\u00E8s photoblanchiment qui permet d'estimer les vitesses de diffusion ou de transport d'une mol\u00E9cule."@fr . "Als Photobleichung, Photobleaching, Fading oder chemical Quenching bezeichnet man den permanenten Verlust der Fluoreszenz eines Fluorophors durch die Bestrahlung des Fluorophors mit dem Anregungslicht. Die Photobleichung ist ein dynamischer Prozess, bei dem die Fluorophor-Molek\u00FCle durch das Anregungslicht photochemisch zerst\u00F6rt werden und dadurch ihre F\u00E4higkeit zur Fluoreszenz verlieren. Die durchschnittliche Anzahl von Anregungs- und Emissionszyklen, die ein Fluorophor durchf\u00FChren kann, bevor es durch Photobleichung inaktiviert wird, h\u00E4ngt von der Intensit\u00E4t und der Energie des Anregungslichtes ab, au\u00DFerdem von der molekularen Struktur des Fluorophors und der chemischen Umgebung, in der sich das Fluorophor befindet. So werden einige Fluorophore schon nach der Emission weniger Photonen gebleicht, w\u00E4hrend andere mehrere tausend oder millionen Anregungs- und Emissionszyklen durchlaufen k\u00F6nnen, bis es zur Photobleichung kommt. Photobleichung kann in der Fluoreszenzspektroskopie und in der Fluoreszenzmikroskopie zu Artefakten f\u00FChren. Bei den fluoreszenzmikroskopischen Methoden FRAP (Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching) und FLIP (Fluorescence Loss in Photobleaching) wird dagegen eine absichtlich erzeugte Photobleichung zur Messung verwendet. Durch Verringerung der Energie des Anregungsstrahles und der Bestrahlungszeit des Fluorophors kann versucht werden, den Effekt der Photobleichung zu minimieren."@de . . "\u0424\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u2014 \u0444\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0445\u0456\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441 \u0440\u0443\u0439\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F . \u0423 \u0444\u043B\u044E\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u043C\u0456\u043A\u0440\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0456\u0457, \u0444\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0443\u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u043D\u044E\u0454 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0444\u043B\u044E\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B, \u0442\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0449\u043E \u0432\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0435\u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0437\u043D\u0438\u0449\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0456\u0434 \u0434\u0456\u0454\u044E \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043B\u0430, \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0444\u043B\u044E\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u0426\u0435 \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0432\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E \u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0435\u043E\u043C\u0456\u043A\u0440\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0456\u0457. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435, \u0444\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0440\u0443\u0445\u0443 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0443\u0437\u0456\u0457 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B, \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0433\u043E\u044E \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0444\u043B\u044E\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u0444\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F (FRAP) \u0430\u0431\u043E (FLIP)."@uk . . . "Photobleichung"@de . . . "\u0424\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 (\u0444\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u043E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043C) \u2014 \u0444\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043B\u044E\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0444\u043E\u0440\u0430. \u0412 \u043C\u0438\u043A\u0440\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0436\u043D\u044F\u0442\u044C \u043D\u0430\u0431\u043B\u044E\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0444\u043B\u044E\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043A \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435\u043C \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043C, \u0432\u044B\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u043C \u0444\u043B\u044E\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0438\u044E. \u0424\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044B\u0442\u044C \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E \u0434\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0444\u043B\u044E\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432, \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0441 \u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0433\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0430\u0443\u0442\u043E\u0444\u043B\u0443\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442 \u043F\u043E\u043D\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0444\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0430. \u041E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043C \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044B\u0442\u044C \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B, \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440, \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0449\u0438 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. , Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) \u0438\u043B\u0438 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. , Fluorescence loss in photobleaching). \u0421\u043D\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u044D\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043B\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u0441\u043D\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043A\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438 \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043C, \u043F\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u043B\u044E\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0444\u043E\u0440\u0430, \u0441\u043D\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0442\u044B (\u0438 \u044D\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0430) \u043F\u043E\u0433\u043B\u043E\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u043B\u0438\u0431\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u043A \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E \u0444\u043B\u0443\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432, \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440, Alexa \u0438\u043B\u0438 DyLight Fluor."@ru . "Le photoblanchiment est la perte de fluorescence d'une mol\u00E9cule.Une mol\u00E9cule fluorescente \u00E0 l'\u00E9tat excit\u00E9e peut soit \u00E9mettre un photon, soit \u00EAtre engag\u00E9e dans une r\u00E9action photochimique qui va emp\u00EAcher son retour \u00E0 un \u00E9tat excitable. Il peut s'agir d'une r\u00E9action avec l'oxyg\u00E8ne sous forme de radicaux libres.Plus on excite un fluorochrome, plus la proportion de fluorochrome photoblanchie est grande, jusqu'\u00E0 extinction de la fluorescence. Chaque fluorochrome pr\u00E9sente une cin\u00E9tique de photoblanchiment particuli\u00E8re."@fr . . . "\u0424\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F"@uk . . . . . . . . . "O fotobranqueamento, mais conhecido por seu nome em ingl\u00EAs, photobleaching, \u00E9 a destrui\u00E7\u00E3o fotoqu\u00EDmica de um fluor\u00F3foro. Em microscopia, o fotobranqueamento pode tornar complicada a observa\u00E7\u00E3o das mol\u00E9culas fluorescentes, devido que em algum momento podem ser destruidas pela exposi\u00E7\u00E3o de luz necess\u00E1ria para estimul\u00E1-los de modo que produzam fluoresc\u00EAncia. Isto \u00E9 especialmente problem\u00E1tico na microscopia que capta imagens a intervalos de tempo."@pt . "Con il termine fotobleaching (o photobleaching), o bleaching, si intende la diminuzione della fluorescenza di un campione dovuta alla degradazione fotochimica del fluoroforo. Questo fenomeno causa problemi in alcuni esperimenti in cui il campione deve essere sottoposto a un lungo irraggiamento luminoso; pu\u00F2 per\u00F2 essere sfruttato per fare studi di moto o diffusione delle molecole."@it . "Con il termine fotobleaching (o photobleaching), o bleaching, si intende la diminuzione della fluorescenza di un campione dovuta alla degradazione fotochimica del fluoroforo. Questo fenomeno causa problemi in alcuni esperimenti in cui il campione deve essere sottoposto a un lungo irraggiamento luminoso; pu\u00F2 per\u00F2 essere sfruttato per fare studi di moto o diffusione delle molecole."@it . . "\u0424\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u2014 \u0444\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0445\u0456\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441 \u0440\u0443\u0439\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F . \u0423 \u0444\u043B\u044E\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u043C\u0456\u043A\u0440\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0456\u0457, \u0444\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0443\u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u043D\u044E\u0454 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0444\u043B\u044E\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B, \u0442\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0449\u043E \u0432\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0435\u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0437\u043D\u0438\u0449\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0456\u0434 \u0434\u0456\u0454\u044E \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043B\u0430, \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0444\u043B\u044E\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u0426\u0435 \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0432\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E \u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0435\u043E\u043C\u0456\u043A\u0440\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0456\u0457. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435, \u0444\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0440\u0443\u0445\u0443 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0443\u0437\u0456\u0457 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B, \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0433\u043E\u044E \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0444\u043B\u044E\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u0444\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F (FRAP) \u0430\u0431\u043E (FLIP)."@uk . . "\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0628\u0628\u064A\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064A (\u062A\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064A)(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: photobleaching)\u200F \u0644\u0644\u062C\u0632\u064A\u0626\u0627\u062A \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064A\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0647\u0648 \u062A\u063A\u064A\u064A\u0631 \u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064A \u0644\u0635\u0628\u063A\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062C\u0632\u064A\u0621 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062C\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062F\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064A \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062F\u0627\u0626\u0645 . \u0648\u064A\u0639\u0648\u062F \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062A\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0632\u064A\u0626\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u064A\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0639\u062F\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062A \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062C\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0644\u062B\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645. \u0642\u062F \u064A\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u062F\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u064A\u062C\u0628 \u062A\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0628\u064A\u064A\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062A\u0628\u064A\u064A\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u062A\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064A \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0632\u0626\u064A\u0627\u062A."@ar . . . . "\u0424\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435"@ru . . . . "\uAD11\uD45C\uBC31(\u5149\u6F02\u767D, \uC601\uC5B4: photobleaching)\uC740 \uAD11\uD559\uC5D0\uC11C \uC601\uAD6C\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uD615\uAD11\uC744 \uBC1C\uD560 \uC218 \uC5C6\uAC8C \uB41C \uC5FC\uB8CC \uB610\uB294 \uC758 \uAD11\uD654\uD559\uC801 \uBCC0\uD654\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774\uAC83\uC740 \uD615\uAD11 \uC0C9\uC18C\uC640 \uC8FC\uBCC0 \uBD84\uC790 \uC0AC\uC774\uC758 \uACF5\uC720 \uACB0\uD569\uC758 \uC808\uB2E8 \uB610\uB294 \uBE44\uD2B9\uC774\uC801 \uBC18\uC751\uC73C\uB85C \uC778\uD574 \uC77C\uC5B4\uB09C\uB2E4. \uACF5\uC720 \uACB0\uD569\uC5D0\uC11C \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uBE44\uAC00\uC5ED\uC801 \uBCC0\uD615\uC740 \uD615\uAD11 \uC0C9\uC18C\uC758 \uB2E8\uC77C\uD56D \uC0C1\uD0DC\uC5D0\uC11C \uC0BC\uC911\uD56D \uC0C1\uD0DC\uB85C\uC758 \uC804\uC774\uB85C \uC778\uD574 \uBC1C\uC0DD\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC644\uC804\uD55C \uD45C\uBC31\uC744 \uC704\uD55C \uC5EC\uAE30 \uC8FC\uAE30\uC758 \uC218\uB294 \uB2E4\uC591\uD558\uB2E4. \uD604\uBBF8\uACBD \uAD00\uCC30\uC2DC \uAD11\uD45C\uBC31\uC740 \uD615\uAD11 \uBD84\uC790\uC758 \uAD00\uCC30\uC744 \uBCF5\uC7A1\uD558\uAC8C \uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB294\uB370, \uC774\uB294 \uACB0\uAD6D \uD615\uAD11 \uBD84\uC790\uB97C \uC790\uADF9\uD558\uB294 \uB370 \uD544\uC694\uD55C \uBE5B \uB178\uCD9C\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uD615\uAD11 \uBD84\uC790\uAC00 \uD30C\uAD34\uB418\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . "Als Photobleichung, Photobleaching, Fading oder chemical Quenching bezeichnet man den permanenten Verlust der Fluoreszenz eines Fluorophors durch die Bestrahlung des Fluorophors mit dem Anregungslicht. Die Photobleichung ist ein dynamischer Prozess, bei dem die Fluorophor-Molek\u00FCle durch das Anregungslicht photochemisch zerst\u00F6rt werden und dadurch ihre F\u00E4higkeit zur Fluoreszenz verlieren."@de . "El fotoblanqueo, m\u00E1s conocido por su nombre en ingl\u00E9s, Photobleaching es la destrucci\u00F3n fotoqu\u00EDmica de un fluor\u00F3foro. En microscop\u00EDa, el fotoblanqueo puede complicar la observaci\u00F3n de las mol\u00E9culas fluorescentes, puesto que en alg\u00FAn momento pueden ser destruidas por la exposici\u00F3n de luz necesaria para estimularlos de modo que produzcan fluorescencia. Esto es especialmente problem\u00E1tico en la microscop\u00EDa que toma im\u00E1genes a intervalos de tiempo. Sin embargo, el fotoblanqueo tambi\u00E9n se puede usar antes de aplicar mol\u00E9culas fluorescentes (normalmente ligadas a anticuerpos) para eliminar la autofluorescencia. Esto puede contribuir a mejorar la raz\u00F3n se\u00F1al/ruido. Tambi\u00E9n se puede emplear el fotoblanqueo para estudiar el movimiento y/o difusi\u00F3n de mol\u00E9culas, por ejemplo mediante las t\u00E9cnicas conocidas como o . La p\u00E9rdida de actividad producida por el fotoblanqueo se puede controlar reduciendo la intensidad o la duraci\u00F3n de la exposici\u00F3n a la luz incrementando la concentraci\u00F3n de fluor\u00F3foros, o empleando fluor\u00F3foros m\u00E1s robustos que son menos proclives al blanqueo, por ejemplo, o . Grosso modo, podr\u00EDa decirse que una mol\u00E9cula dada ser\u00E1 destruida tras una exposici\u00F3n constante (dependiendo del producto: I\u00B7Te\u00B7N, siendo I=intensidad de emisi\u00F3n, Te= tiempo de emisi\u00F3n y N= n\u00FAmero de ciclos) debido a que, en un ambiente constante, cada ciclo de absorci\u00F3n-emisi\u00F3n tiene una probabilidad id\u00E9ntica de producir el fotoblanqueo."@es . "\u5149\u6F02\u767D"@zh . "Photobleaching"@en . . "\uAD11\uD45C\uBC31(\u5149\u6F02\u767D, \uC601\uC5B4: photobleaching)\uC740 \uAD11\uD559\uC5D0\uC11C \uC601\uAD6C\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uD615\uAD11\uC744 \uBC1C\uD560 \uC218 \uC5C6\uAC8C \uB41C \uC5FC\uB8CC \uB610\uB294 \uC758 \uAD11\uD654\uD559\uC801 \uBCC0\uD654\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774\uAC83\uC740 \uD615\uAD11 \uC0C9\uC18C\uC640 \uC8FC\uBCC0 \uBD84\uC790 \uC0AC\uC774\uC758 \uACF5\uC720 \uACB0\uD569\uC758 \uC808\uB2E8 \uB610\uB294 \uBE44\uD2B9\uC774\uC801 \uBC18\uC751\uC73C\uB85C \uC778\uD574 \uC77C\uC5B4\uB09C\uB2E4. \uACF5\uC720 \uACB0\uD569\uC5D0\uC11C \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uBE44\uAC00\uC5ED\uC801 \uBCC0\uD615\uC740 \uD615\uAD11 \uC0C9\uC18C\uC758 \uB2E8\uC77C\uD56D \uC0C1\uD0DC\uC5D0\uC11C \uC0BC\uC911\uD56D \uC0C1\uD0DC\uB85C\uC758 \uC804\uC774\uB85C \uC778\uD574 \uBC1C\uC0DD\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC644\uC804\uD55C \uD45C\uBC31\uC744 \uC704\uD55C \uC5EC\uAE30 \uC8FC\uAE30\uC758 \uC218\uB294 \uB2E4\uC591\uD558\uB2E4. \uD604\uBBF8\uACBD \uAD00\uCC30\uC2DC \uAD11\uD45C\uBC31\uC740 \uD615\uAD11 \uBD84\uC790\uC758 \uAD00\uCC30\uC744 \uBCF5\uC7A1\uD558\uAC8C \uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB294\uB370, \uC774\uB294 \uACB0\uAD6D \uD615\uAD11 \uBD84\uC790\uB97C \uC790\uADF9\uD558\uB294 \uB370 \uD544\uC694\uD55C \uBE5B \uB178\uCD9C\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uD615\uAD11 \uBD84\uC790\uAC00 \uD30C\uAD34\uB418\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . "In optics, photobleaching (sometimes termed fading) is the photochemical alteration of a dye or a fluorophore molecule such that it is permanently unable to fluoresce. This is caused by cleaving of covalent bonds or non-specific reactions between the fluorophore and surrounding molecules. Such irreversible modifications in covalent bonds are caused by transition from a singlet state to the triplet state of the fluorophores. The number of excitation cycles to achieve full bleaching varies. In microscopy, photobleaching may complicate the observation of fluorescent molecules, since they will eventually be destroyed by the light exposure necessary to stimulate them into fluorescing. This is especially problematic in time-lapse microscopy. However, photobleaching may also be used prior to applying the (primarily antibody-linked) fluorescent molecules, in an attempt to quench autofluorescence. This can help improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Photobleaching may also be exploited to study the motion and/or diffusion of molecules, for example via the FRAP, in which movement of cellular components can be confirmed by observing a recovery of fluorescence at the site of photobleaching, or FLIP techniques, in which multiple rounds of photobleaching is done so that the spread of fluorescence loss can be observed in cell. Loss of activity caused by photobleaching can be controlled by reducing the intensity or time-span of light exposure, by increasing the concentration of fluorophores, by reducing the frequency and thus the photon energy of the input light, or by employing more robust fluorophores that are less prone to bleaching (e.g. Cyanine Dyes, Alexa Fluors or DyLight Fluors, AttoDyes, Janelia Dyes and others). To a reasonable approximation, a given molecule will be destroyed after a constant exposure (intensity of emission X emission time X number of cycles) because, in a constant environment, each absorption-emission cycle has an equal probability of causing photobleaching. Photobleaching is an important parameter to account for in real-time single-molecule fluorescence imaging in biophysics. At light intensities used in single-molecule fluorescence imaging (0.1-1 kW/cm2 in typical experimental setups), even most robust fluorophores continue to emit for up to 10 seconds before photobleaching in a single step. For some dyes, lifetimes can be prolonged 10-100 fold using oxygen scavenging systems (up to 1000 seconds with optimisation of imaging parameters and signal-to-noise). For example, a combination of Protocatechuic acid (PCA) and protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (PCD) is often used as oxygen scavenging system, and that increases fluorescence lifetime by more than a minute. Depending on their specific chemistry, molecules can photobleach after absorbing just a few photons, while more robust molecules can undergo many absorption/emission cycles before destruction: \n* Green fluorescent protein: 104\u2013105 photons; 0.1\u20131.0 second lifetime. \n* Typical organic dye: 105\u2013106 photons; 1\u201310 second lifetime. \n* CdSe/ZnS quantum dot: 108 photons; > 1,000 seconds lifetime. This use of the term \"lifetime\" is not to be confused with the \"lifetime\" measured by fluorescence lifetime imaging."@en . . . . . . . "\u062A\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064A \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064A"@ar . "Fotoblanqueo"@es .