. "Pol\u00EDtica no Senegal ocorre no \u00E2mbito de uma rep\u00FAblica democr\u00E1tica do sistema presidencialista. O Presidente do Senegal \u00E9 o chefe de estado e governo. Poder executivo no Senegal est\u00E1 concentrado nas m\u00E3os do presidente. Embora o poder legislativo seja tecnicamente investido no governo e no parlamento, o parlamento raramente introduz legisla\u00E7\u00E3o ou vota a legisla\u00E7\u00E3o proposta pelo governo. Da mesma forma, embora o Judici\u00E1rio seja teoricamente independente do executivo e da legislatura, o poder executivo parece exercer controle indevido sobre o judici\u00E1rio."@pt . . . "Pol\u00EDtica no Senegal ocorre no \u00E2mbito de uma rep\u00FAblica democr\u00E1tica do sistema presidencialista. O Presidente do Senegal \u00E9 o chefe de estado e governo. Poder executivo no Senegal est\u00E1 concentrado nas m\u00E3os do presidente. Embora o poder legislativo seja tecnicamente investido no governo e no parlamento, o parlamento raramente introduz legisla\u00E7\u00E3o ou vota a legisla\u00E7\u00E3o proposta pelo governo. Da mesma forma, embora o Judici\u00E1rio seja teoricamente independente do executivo e da legislatura, o poder executivo parece exercer controle indevido sobre o judici\u00E1rio. O Isl\u00E3, a religi\u00E3o dominante de Senegal, chegou primeiro a esta regi\u00E3o no s\u00E9culo XI. Dos reinos nativos, o imp\u00E9rio Jolof do s\u00E9culo XIV foi o mais poderoso. V\u00E1rias pot\u00EAncias europ\u00E9ias chegaram \u00E0 \u00E1rea desde o s\u00E9culo XV, at\u00E9 que Fran\u00E7a acabou controlando do que se tinha convertido num importante ponto de sa\u00EDda para o com\u00E9rcio de escravos. Dakar se converteu na capital da col\u00F4nia francesa de \u00C1frica Ocidental Francesa em 1902. Em janeiro de 1959, Senegal e o Sud\u00E3o Franc\u00EAs se uniram para formar a Federa\u00E7\u00E3o de Mali, a qual se voltou totalmente independente o 20 de junho de 1960, como resultado da independ\u00EAncia e a transfer\u00EAncia do poder, acordo assinado com Fran\u00E7a o 4 de abril de 1960. Devido a dificuldades pol\u00EDticas internas, a federa\u00E7\u00E3o se dissolveu o 20 de agosto de 1960. Senegal e o Sud\u00E3o Franc\u00EAs (renomeado como a Rep\u00FAblica de Mali) proclamaram sua independ\u00EAncia individualmente. Senegal se uniu com G\u00E2mbia para formar a confedera\u00E7\u00E3o nominal de em 1982. No entanto, a integra\u00E7\u00E3o concebida dos dois pa\u00EDses nunca se levou a cabo e a uni\u00E3o foi dissolvida em 1989. Apesar das conversas de paz, um grupo separatista na regi\u00E3o de chocou esporadicamente com as for\u00E7as do governo desde 1982. Senegal tem uma longa hist\u00F3ria de participa\u00E7\u00F5es na pacifica\u00E7\u00E3o internacional."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Politique au S\u00E9n\u00E9gal"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "9245"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "Politics in Senegal takes place within the framework of a presidential democratic republic. The President of Senegal is the head of state and government. Executive power in Senegal is concentrated in the president's hands. While legislative power is technically vested in both the government and the parliament, the parliament rarely introduces legislation or votes down legislation proposed by the government. Similarly, although the Judiciary is theoretically independent of the executive and the legislature, the executive branch seems to exert undue control over the judiciary. Senegal is one of the few African states that has never experienced a coup d'\u00E9tat or exceptionally harsh authoritarianism. L\u00E9opold Senghor, the first president after independence, resigned in 1981, handing over the office of president to his Prime Minister, Abdou Diouf. The present president, Macky Sall, was elected in competitive democratic elections in March 2012. President Sall was re-elected in 2019. Senegal has a reputation for transparency in government operations. The level of economic corruption that has damaged the development of the economies in other parts of the world is very low. Today Senegal has a democratic political culture, being part of one of the most successful democratic transitions in Africa. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Senegal a \"hybrid regime\" in 2020."@en . . . . . "1103642585"^^ . "Le S\u00E9n\u00E9gal est une r\u00E9publique \u00E0 r\u00E9gime pr\u00E9sidentiel multipartite o\u00F9 le Pr\u00E9sident exerce la charge de chef de l'\u00C9tat et le Premier ministre, la fonction de chef du gouvernement. Le pouvoir ex\u00E9cutif est aux mains du pr\u00E9sident tandis que le pouvoir l\u00E9gislatif est partag\u00E9 entre le gouvernement et le parlement. Le pouvoir judiciaire est ind\u00E9pendant des deux premiers. Le S\u00E9n\u00E9gal est l'un des rares pays d\u2019Afrique \u00E0 n'avoir jamais v\u00E9cu de coup d'\u00C9tat. L\u00E9opold Senghor, premier pr\u00E9sident apr\u00E8s l'ind\u00E9pendance, a abdiqu\u00E9 en faveur de son Premier ministre, Abdou Diouf, en 1981. Le pr\u00E9sident actuel, Macky Sall, a \u00E9t\u00E9 \u00E9lu d\u00E9mocratiquement en mars 2012."@fr . . . . "Politics in Senegal takes place within the framework of a presidential democratic republic. The President of Senegal is the head of state and government. Executive power in Senegal is concentrated in the president's hands. While legislative power is technically vested in both the government and the parliament, the parliament rarely introduces legislation or votes down legislation proposed by the government. Similarly, although the Judiciary is theoretically independent of the executive and the legislature, the executive branch seems to exert undue control over the judiciary."@en . . "Pol\u00EDtica do Senegal"@pt . "Le S\u00E9n\u00E9gal est une r\u00E9publique \u00E0 r\u00E9gime pr\u00E9sidentiel multipartite o\u00F9 le Pr\u00E9sident exerce la charge de chef de l'\u00C9tat et le Premier ministre, la fonction de chef du gouvernement. Le pouvoir ex\u00E9cutif est aux mains du pr\u00E9sident tandis que le pouvoir l\u00E9gislatif est partag\u00E9 entre le gouvernement et le parlement. Le pouvoir judiciaire est ind\u00E9pendant des deux premiers. Le S\u00E9n\u00E9gal est l'un des rares pays d\u2019Afrique \u00E0 n'avoir jamais v\u00E9cu de coup d'\u00C9tat. L\u00E9opold Senghor, premier pr\u00E9sident apr\u00E8s l'ind\u00E9pendance, a abdiqu\u00E9 en faveur de son Premier ministre, Abdou Diouf, en 1981. Le pr\u00E9sident actuel, Macky Sall, a \u00E9t\u00E9 \u00E9lu d\u00E9mocratiquement en mars 2012."@fr . . . . . . "Politics of Senegal"@en . . . . . "27282"^^ . .