"1119278465"^^ . "The Polity data series is a data series in political science research. Along with the Varieties of Democracy project and Freedom House, Polity is among prominent datasets that measure democracy and autocracy. The Polity study was initiated in the late 1960s by Ted Robert Gurr and is now continued by Monty G. Marshall, one of Gurr's students. It was sponsored by the Political Instability Task Force (PITF) until February 2020. The PITF is funded by the Central Intelligence Agency. The data series has been criticized for its methodology, Americentrism, and connections to the CIA. Seva Gunitsky, an assistant professor at the University of Toronto, stated that the data series was appropriate \"for research that examines constraints on governing elites, but not for studying the expansion of suffrage over the nineteenth century\"."@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Polity IV (\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 Polity IV Project) \u2014 \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0438\u0437 \u043D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0445\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0432 \u043A \u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E \u0443\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043D\u044F \u0434\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0438. \u0411\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043A\u043E Polity \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043A\u0442 \u043F\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044B \u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445, \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u044F\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043D\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0435\u043A\u0441\u043E\u0432 (\u043F\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439), \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043A\u043E \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0435. \u0411\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043D\u043D\u043E \u043E\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F, \u043D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0451\u0440\u0442\u0430\u044F (IV), \u0432\u044B\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0430\u044F \u0432 2010 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u043E\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043E\u043A c 1800 \u043F\u043E 2015. \u041F\u043E\u0434 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C Polity IV \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043D \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0435\u043A\u0441 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445, \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043C \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0438."@ru . "Polity data series"@en . . . . . "\u653F\u9AD4\u8CC7\u6599\u96C6\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1APolity data sets\uFF09\u6216\u8B6F\u653F\u9AD4\u7279\u5FB5\u8207\u8F49\u578B\u8CC7\u6599\u5EAB\u3001\u653F\u9AD4\u8CC7\u6599\u5EAB\u3001\u653F\u4F53\u6307\u6570\u662F\u653F\u6CBB\u79D1\u5B78\u7814\u7A76\u5EE3\u6CDB\u4F7F\u7528\u7684\u3002\u76EE\u524D\u6700\u65B0\u7248\u672C\u7B2C\u56DB\u7248\u5305\u542B\u6240\u6709\u7E3D\u4EBA\u53E3\u6578\u5927\u65BC500,000\u6240\u6709\u7368\u7ACB\u570B\u5BB6\u6C11\u4E3B\u6C34\u5E73\u7684\u5E74\u5EA6\u8CC7\u8A0A\uFF0C\u6DB5\u84CB\u81EA1800\u5E74\u81F32013\u5E74\u7684\u6642\u9593\u7CFB\u5217\u96C6\u3002 \u8FD9\u9879\u653F\u6CBB\u7814\u7A76\u4E8E20\u4E16\u7EAA60\u5E74\u4EE3\u672B\u7531\u7279\u5FB7\u00B7\u7F57\u4F2F\u7279\u00B7\u53E4\u5C14\u53D1\u8D77\uFF0C\u73B0\u5728\u7531\u53E4\u5C14\u7684\u524D\u5B66\u751F\u8499\u8482G\u00B7\u9A6C\u6B47\u5C14\u7EE7\u7EED\u8FDB\u884C\uFF0C\u5E76\u7531\u653F\u6CBB\u4E0D\u7A33\u5B9A\u4EFB\u52A1\u529B\u91CF\u8D5E\u52A9\uFF0C\u8BE5\u57FA\u91D1\u4E5F\u662F\u4E2D\u60C5\u5C40\u8D44\u52A9\u7684\u5DE5\u4F5C\u8BA1\u5212\u4E4B\u4E00\u3002"@zh . "4028524"^^ . "\u653F\u9AD4\u8CC7\u6599\u96C6"@zh . "The Polity data series is a data series in political science research. Along with the Varieties of Democracy project and Freedom House, Polity is among prominent datasets that measure democracy and autocracy. The Polity study was initiated in the late 1960s by Ted Robert Gurr and is now continued by Monty G. Marshall, one of Gurr's students. It was sponsored by the Political Instability Task Force (PITF) until February 2020. The PITF is funded by the Central Intelligence Agency."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u653F\u9AD4\u8CC7\u6599\u96C6\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1APolity data sets\uFF09\u6216\u8B6F\u653F\u9AD4\u7279\u5FB5\u8207\u8F49\u578B\u8CC7\u6599\u5EAB\u3001\u653F\u9AD4\u8CC7\u6599\u5EAB\u3001\u653F\u4F53\u6307\u6570\u662F\u653F\u6CBB\u79D1\u5B78\u7814\u7A76\u5EE3\u6CDB\u4F7F\u7528\u7684\u3002\u76EE\u524D\u6700\u65B0\u7248\u672C\u7B2C\u56DB\u7248\u5305\u542B\u6240\u6709\u7E3D\u4EBA\u53E3\u6578\u5927\u65BC500,000\u6240\u6709\u7368\u7ACB\u570B\u5BB6\u6C11\u4E3B\u6C34\u5E73\u7684\u5E74\u5EA6\u8CC7\u8A0A\uFF0C\u6DB5\u84CB\u81EA1800\u5E74\u81F32013\u5E74\u7684\u6642\u9593\u7CFB\u5217\u96C6\u3002 \u8FD9\u9879\u653F\u6CBB\u7814\u7A76\u4E8E20\u4E16\u7EAA60\u5E74\u4EE3\u672B\u7531\u7279\u5FB7\u00B7\u7F57\u4F2F\u7279\u00B7\u53E4\u5C14\u53D1\u8D77\uFF0C\u73B0\u5728\u7531\u53E4\u5C14\u7684\u524D\u5B66\u751F\u8499\u8482G\u00B7\u9A6C\u6B47\u5C14\u7EE7\u7EED\u8FDB\u884C\uFF0C\u5E76\u7531\u653F\u6CBB\u4E0D\u7A33\u5B9A\u4EFB\u52A1\u529B\u91CF\u8D5E\u52A9\uFF0C\u8BE5\u57FA\u91D1\u4E5F\u662F\u4E2D\u60C5\u5C40\u8D44\u52A9\u7684\u5DE5\u4F5C\u8BA1\u5212\u4E4B\u4E00\u3002"@zh . . "Les donn\u00E9es Polity sont un jeu de donn\u00E9es largement utilis\u00E9es dans le domaine des sciences politiques. La derni\u00E8re version, Polity IV, contient les donn\u00E9es annuelles sur les caract\u00E9ristiques des r\u00E9gimes et les transitions pour tous les \u00C9tats souverains de plus de 500 000 habitants et couvre les ann\u00E9es 1800 \u00E0 2006. Les conclusions de Polity sur le niveau de d\u00E9mocratie d'un \u00C9tat sont bas\u00E9es sur une \u00E9valuation des \u00E9lections au sein de cet \u00C9tat en termes de comp\u00E9tition, d'ouverture et de niveau de participation. L'article de 2002 \"Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy\" soulevait plusieurs probl\u00E8mes dans les classements de d\u00E9mocratie habituellement utilis\u00E9s, y compris Polity, arguant que le crit\u00E8re utilis\u00E9 pour d\u00E9terminer la \"d\u00E9mocratie\" \u00E9tait trop restrictif."@fr . . . . . . "Donn\u00E9es polity"@fr . . . . . "15793"^^ . "Polity IV (\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 Polity IV Project) \u2014 \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0438\u0437 \u043D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0445\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0432 \u043A \u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E \u0443\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043D\u044F \u0434\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0438. \u0411\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043A\u043E Polity \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043A\u0442 \u043F\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044B \u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445, \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u044F\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043D\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0435\u043A\u0441\u043E\u0432 (\u043F\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439), \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043A\u043E \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0435. \u0411\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043D\u043D\u043E \u043E\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F, \u043D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0451\u0440\u0442\u0430\u044F (IV), \u0432\u044B\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0430\u044F \u0432 2010 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u043E\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043E\u043A c 1800 \u043F\u043E 2015. \u041F\u043E\u0434 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C Polity IV \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043D \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0435\u043A\u0441 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445, \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043C \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0438."@ru . . . . . . "Les donn\u00E9es Polity sont un jeu de donn\u00E9es largement utilis\u00E9es dans le domaine des sciences politiques. La derni\u00E8re version, Polity IV, contient les donn\u00E9es annuelles sur les caract\u00E9ristiques des r\u00E9gimes et les transitions pour tous les \u00C9tats souverains de plus de 500 000 habitants et couvre les ann\u00E9es 1800 \u00E0 2006. Les conclusions de Polity sur le niveau de d\u00E9mocratie d'un \u00C9tat sont bas\u00E9es sur une \u00E9valuation des \u00E9lections au sein de cet \u00C9tat en termes de comp\u00E9tition, d'ouverture et de niveau de participation."@fr . . . . "Polity IV"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . .