. "Port-Royal Grammar"@en . . . . "Gram\u00E1tica de Port-Royal"@pt . . . . . "La Gram\u00E0tica de Port Royal (t\u00EDtol original en franc\u00E8s Grammaire G\u00E9n\u00E9rale et raisonn\u00E9e contenant les fondemens de l'art de parler, expliqu\u00E9s d'une mani\u00E8re claire et naturelle), \"Gram\u00E0tica general i raonada que cont\u00E9 els fonaments de l'art de parlar, explicats de manera clara i natural\", publicada l'any 1660 i escrita per Antoine Arnauld (1612-1694) humanista, hel\u00B7lenista i matem\u00E0tic, i Claude Lancelot (1615-1695), gram\u00E0tic. Fou la primera part ling\u00FC\u00EDstica a l'obra Logique de Port-Royal (1662) del mateix Antoine Arnauld i de Pierre Nicole. \u00C9s el primer exemple de gram\u00E0tica general, la que t\u00E9 com a prop\u00F2sit enunciar els principis que regeixen totes les lleng\u00FCes, despla\u00E7ant com a model de gram\u00E0tica a la del llat\u00ED, i \u00E9s considerat un dels treballs pioners en la filosofia del llenguatge."@ca . . . "\uC77C\uBC18\uC774\uC131\uBB38\uBC95"@ko . . . . . "10657"^^ . . "\u00AB\u0412\u0441\u0435\u043E\u0301\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044F \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0301\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u041F\u043E\u0440-\u0420\u043E\u044F\u0301\u043B\u044F\u00BB, \u00AB\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u041F\u043E\u0440-\u0420\u043E\u044F\u0301\u043B\u044F\u00BB (\u0444\u0440. Grammaire g\u00E9n\u00E9rale et raisonn\u00E9e de Port-Royal) \u2014 \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0430, \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0430\u0431\u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044B\u0440\u044F \u041F\u043E\u0440-\u0420\u043E\u044F\u043B\u044C \u0410\u043D\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0410\u0440\u043D\u043E \u0438 \u041A\u043B\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043C \u041B\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043B\u043E \u0432 1660 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044B\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044C \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u041F\u043E\u0440-\u0420\u043E\u044F\u043B\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0435 \u0441 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0435\u043C \u043F\u043E \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u043A\u0435. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u043C \u0444\u0443\u043D\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C, \u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u043C\u044B\u043C \u043A \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043C, \u0432 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043E\u0431\u044A\u044F\u0441\u043D\u044F\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043C\u044B\u0448\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438 \u0432\u043E\u0441\u043F\u0440\u0438\u044F\u0442\u0438\u044F \u0447\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438."@ru . . . . . . "Gramatika z Port-Royal (francouzsky: Grammaire de Port-Royal; p\u016Fvodn\u00EDm n\u00E1zvem v\u0161ak: Grammaire g\u00E9n\u00E9rale et raisonn\u00E9e contenant les fondemens de l'art de parler, expliqu\u00E9s d'une mani\u00E8re claire et naturelle, tj. \"Obecn\u00E1 a racion\u00E1ln\u00ED gramatika, obsahuj\u00EDc\u00ED z\u00E1klady um\u011Bn\u00ED mluvit, vysv\u011Btlen\u00E1 jasn\u00FDm a p\u0159irozen\u00FDm zp\u016Fsobem\") byla pr\u016Fkopnick\u00FDm d\u00EDlem filosofie jazyka."@cs . . . . . "\uC77C\uBC18\uC774\uC131\uBB38\uBC95(Grammaire g\u00E9n\u00E9rale et raisonn\u00E9e)\uC740 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC774\uBA70 \uC774\uC131\uC801\uC778 \uBB38\uBC95\uC744 \uC124\uBA85\uD588\uB2E4\uB294 \uC758\uBBF8\uB85C, \uC559\uD22C\uC548 \uC544\uB974\uB178\uC640 \uD074\uB85C\uB4DC \uB791\uC2AC\uB85C\uAC00 \uC9C0\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC5C4\uBC00\uD558\uACE0 \uB17C\uB9AC\uC801\uC778 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uAC00 \uB3CB\uBCF4\uC778\uB2E4. \uC544\uB974\uB178\uC640 \uB791\uC2AC\uB85C\uC758 \uC774 \uC5ED\uC791\uC740 17\uC138\uAE30 \uCCAB \uCD9C\uAC04 \uC774\uD6C4 \uD604\uB300\uC5D0 \uC774\uB974\uAE30\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC9C0\uC18D\uC801\uC778 \uAD00\uC2EC\uC744 \uBC1B\uC544 \uC654\uB2E4. \uC18C\uC26C\uB974\uC640 \uCD18\uC2A4\uD0A4, \uD478\uCF54\uC640 \uAC19\uC740 \uAC70\uC7A5\uB4E4\uC774 \uBAA8\uB450 \uC774 \uCC45\uC5D0 \uC8FC\uBAA9\uD588\uB2E4. \uC5B8\uC5B4\uD559\uC790\uB4E4\uC774\uB77C\uBA74 \uAE30\uBCF8\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uBD10\uC57C \uD560 \uCC45. \uC774\uC131\uC801\uC778 \uC0AC\uB78C\uC774\uB77C\uBA74 \uB204\uAD6C\uB098 \uC790\uADF9\uC744 \uBC1B\uAC8C \uB420 \uCC45\uC774\uB2E4. \uC624\uB298\uB0A0 \uC5B8\uC5B4 \uC774\uB860\uACFC \uBB38\uBC95\uC758 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC5D0\uC11C \uAC00\uC7A5 \uC911\uC694\uD558\uAC8C \uC190\uAF3D\uD788\uB294 \uC800\uC11C\uB4E4 \uC911\uC758 \uD558\uB098\uB85C \uC778\uC2DD\uB418\uACE0 \uC788\uB294 \u226A\uC77C\uBC18\uC774\uC131\uBB38\uBC95\u226B\uC740 \uD3EC\uB974\uB8E8\uC544\uC584 \uBB38\uBC95\uC73C\uB85C \uB354 \uC798 \uC54C\uB824\uC838 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBB38\uBC95\uD559\uC790\uC778 \uD074\uB85C\uB4DC \uB791\uC2AC\uB85C\uC640 \uCCA0\uD559\uC790\uC778 \uC559\uD22C\uC548 \uC544\uB974\uB178\uAC00 \uD568\uAED8 \uC9D1\uD544\uD55C \uC774 \uCC45\uC740 1660\uB144\uC5D0 \uD30C\uB9AC\uC5D0\uC11C \uC775\uBA85\uC73C\uB85C \uCC98\uC74C \uCD9C\uAC04\uB41C \uD6C4, 1664\uB144, 1676\uB144, 1679\uB144, 1709\uB144\uC5D0 \uACC4\uC18D \uC99D\uBCF4\uB418\uC5B4 \uCD9C\uD310\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uB450 \uC800\uC790\uB294 \uC544\uC8FC \uAC04\uACB0\uD558\uAE34 \uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uADF8\uB4E4\uC758 \uC57C\uC2EC\uC5D0 \uCC2C \uBB38\uBC95\uC774 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC774\uBA70 \uB3D9\uC2DC\uC5D0 \uC774\uC131\uC801\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uC120\uC5B8\uD558\uBA74\uC11C \uC774 \uBB38\uBC95\uC758 \uB3C5\uCC3D\uC131\uC744 \uBD84\uBA85\uD558\uAC8C \uD45C\uD604\uD588\uB2E4. \uC774\uAC83\uC740 \uC77C\uBC18\uBB38\uBC95\uC774\uB2E4. \uAC1C\uBCC4\uBB38\uBC95\uCC98\uB7FC \uB2E8\uC21C\uD788 \uC774\uB7F0\uC800\uB7F0 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uC758 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uADDC\uCE59\uC744 \uC124\uBA85\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC774 \uC544\uB2C8\uB77C, \uB9D0\uD558\uB294 \uAE30\uC220\uC758 \uC9C4\uC815\uD55C \uD1A0\uB300\uB97C \uC124\uBA85\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uAD6C\uC870\uC8FC\uC758\uC790\uB4E4\uC740 \uAC1C\uBCC4 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uC758 \uAD6C\uC870\uC801 \uD2B9\uC218\uC131\uC744 \uAC15\uC870\uD558\uBA70 \uC774 \uBB38\uBC95\uC11C\uAC00 \uC81C\uC2DC\uD558\uB294 \uC774\uB860\uC801 \uC131\uCC30\uC758 \uAC00\uCE58\uB97C \uC804\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uBD80\uC815\uD558\uB824 \uB4E4\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uC5B8\uC5B4\uC758 \uBCF4\uD3B8\uC131\uC744 \uAC15\uC870\uD558\uB294 \uBCC0\uD615\uBB38\uBC95\uAC00\uB4E4\uC740 \uADF8\uB4E4\uC758 \uC774\uC131\uC8FC\uC758\uC801 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uAD00\uC758 \uAE30\uC6D0\uC744 \uC774 \uC800\uC11C\uC5D0\uC11C \uCC3E\uB294\uB2E4. \uADF8 \uB300\uD45C\uC790\uB85C \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uD559\uC790\uC778 \uCD18\uC2A4\uD0A4\uB294 \uC544\uB974\uB178\uC640 \uB791\uC2AC\uB85C\uAC00 \uBB38\uC7A5\uC758 \uB17C\uB9AC\uC801 \uAD6C\uC870\uB97C \uAC15\uC870\uD55C \uAC83\uC5D0 \uC8FC\uBAA9\uD588\uC73C\uBA70, \uADF8\uB4E4\uC774 \uC790\uC2E0\uC774 \uC0DD\uAC01\uD55C \uACE0\uC720\uD55C \uC5B4\uB5A4 \uAC1C\uB150\uC744 \uBA3C\uC800 \uD30C\uC545\uD55C \uC120\uAD6C\uC790\uC784\uC744 \uC54C\uC558\uB2E4. \uAC01 \uC800\uC790\uC758 \uC774 \uCC45\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uAE30\uC5EC\uB3C4\uB97C \uC815\uD655\uD558\uAC8C \uAD6C\uBCC4\uD574 \uB0B4\uAE30\uAC00 \uBD88\uAC00\uB2A5\uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uC55E\uC120 \uC774\uB860\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC9C0\uC2DD\uACFC \uBB38\uBC95\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC5F0\uAD6C, \uC5B8\uC5B4\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uAD6C\uC0AC\uB294 \uB791\uC2AC\uB85C\uAC00 \uB2F4\uB2F9\uD588\uC744 \uAC83\uC774\uACE0, \uC774\uB4E4 \uC7A1\uB2E4\uD55C \uC790\uB8CC\uB97C \uC6B0\uC218\uD55C \uC9C0\uB2A5\uACFC \uBD84\uC11D\uB825\uC73C\uB85C \uC544\uB974\uB178\uAC00 \uC885\uD569 \uC815\uB9AC\uD588\uB2E4\uACE0 \uCD94\uCE21\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC774 \uD569\uB9AC\uC801\uC778 \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uBCF4\uC778\uB2E4. \uBCF8 \uBB38\uC11C\uC5D0\uB294 \uC9C0\uC2DD\uC744\uB9CC\uB4DC\uB294\uC9C0\uC2DD\uC5D0\uC11C CC-BY-SA 3.0\uC73C\uB85C \uBC30\uD3EC\uD55C \uCC45 \uC18C\uAC1C\uAE00 \uC911 \"\uC77C\uBC18\uC774\uC131\uBB38\uBC95 Grammaire g\u00E9n\u00E9rale et raisonn\u00E9e\" \uC758 \uC18C\uAC1C\uAE00\uC744 \uAE30\uCD08\uB85C \uC791\uC131\uB41C \uB0B4\uC6A9\uC774 \uD3EC\uD568\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uC2B5\uB2C8\uB2E4."@ko . "La Grammaire de Port-Royal, publi\u00E9e sous le titre original Grammaire g\u00E9n\u00E9rale et raisonn\u00E9e contenant les fondemens de l'art de parler, expliqu\u00E9s d'une mani\u00E8re claire et naturelle, parfois aussi d\u00E9sign\u00E9e sous les expressions Grammaire g\u00E9n\u00E9rale et raisonn\u00E9e de Port-Royal ou Grammaire g\u00E9n\u00E9rale de Port-Royal est un ouvrage de grammaire de la langue fran\u00E7aise d'Antoine Arnauld et Claude Lancelot. Il aborde des aspects de la grammaire du fran\u00E7ais, et des \u00E9l\u00E9ments de philosophie du langage, inspir\u00E9 des R\u00E8gles pour la direction de l'esprit de Descartes."@fr . . . . . . "The Port-Royal Grammar (originally Grammaire g\u00E9n\u00E9rale et raisonn\u00E9e contenant les fondemens de l'art de parler, expliqu\u00E9s d'une mani\u00E8re claire et naturelle, \"General and Rational Grammar, containing the fundamentals of the art of speaking, explained in a clear and natural manner\") was a milestone in the analysis and philosophy of language. Published in 1660 by Antoine Arnauld and Claude Lancelot, it was the linguistic counterpart to the Port-Royal Logic (1662), both named after the Jansenist monastery of Port-Royal-des-Champs where their authors worked. The Port-Royal Grammar became used as a standard textbook in the study of language until the early nineteenth century, and it has been reproduced in several editions and translations. In the twentieth century, scholars including Edmund Husserl and Noam Chomsky maintained academic interest in the book. Arnauld and Lancelot's approach to language is historical, comparative, and philosophical. Discussing the essence of French, they give examples from Latin, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Spanish, Italian, and German. Their work is influenced by the Modistae Grammar of Thomas of Erfurt, and later grammars and textbooks authored by scholars including Julius Caesar Scaliger, Sanctius, Petrus Ramus and Claude Favre de Vaugelas, Other influences include Andreas Helwig's etymology, Francis Bacon's universal language project, and works by philosophers including Ren\u00E9 Descartes, and Blaise Pascal. A core argument of Arnauld and Lancelot's general and rational grammar is that language reveals human thought structures which are based on the logic of predication. The notion is that all thought structures are based on logic and refrain from outside judgment. All languages are similar because there is only one logic. Their connection between logic and grammar has much to with the idea of the vocabulary concluding the logic of a statement, that arguments within arguments lead to an unsaid logical deduction. This idea was elaborated by Husserl in his treatise of universal grammar in 1920. He published the first formulation of generative grammar, which he based on \"pure logic\". Husserl's aim was to provide a counter-argument to Wilhelm Wundt, who advocated a psychologistic and evolutionary view of language and logic. David Hilbert and Rudolph Carnap further developed Husserl's model, leading to the creation of Categorial Grammar in the 1930s through 1950s. More lately, phenomenologists criticized it for using simple predicates instead of modern complex ones."@en . "The Port-Royal Grammar (originally Grammaire g\u00E9n\u00E9rale et raisonn\u00E9e contenant les fondemens de l'art de parler, expliqu\u00E9s d'une mani\u00E8re claire et naturelle, \"General and Rational Grammar, containing the fundamentals of the art of speaking, explained in a clear and natural manner\") was a milestone in the analysis and philosophy of language. Published in 1660 by Antoine Arnauld and Claude Lancelot, it was the linguistic counterpart to the Port-Royal Logic (1662), both named after the Jansenist monastery of Port-Royal-des-Champs where their authors worked. The Port-Royal Grammar became used as a standard textbook in the study of language until the early nineteenth century, and it has been reproduced in several editions and translations. In the twentieth century, scholars including Edmund Husse"@en . . . . . . . . . "La Grammaire de Port-Royal, publi\u00E9e sous le titre original Grammaire g\u00E9n\u00E9rale et raisonn\u00E9e contenant les fondemens de l'art de parler, expliqu\u00E9s d'une mani\u00E8re claire et naturelle, parfois aussi d\u00E9sign\u00E9e sous les expressions Grammaire g\u00E9n\u00E9rale et raisonn\u00E9e de Port-Royal ou Grammaire g\u00E9n\u00E9rale de Port-Royal est un ouvrage de grammaire de la langue fran\u00E7aise d'Antoine Arnauld et Claude Lancelot. Il aborde des aspects de la grammaire du fran\u00E7ais, et des \u00E9l\u00E9ments de philosophie du langage, inspir\u00E9 des R\u00E8gles pour la direction de l'esprit de Descartes. L'ouvrage sera suivi de la Logique de Port-Royal. Les deux ouvrages portent le nom du haut-lieu du jans\u00E9nisme Port-Royal des Champs."@fr . . . . . "Die Grammatik von Port-Royal (eigentlich Grammaire g\u00E9n\u00E9rale et raisonn\u00E9e contenant les fondemens de l\u2019art de parler, expliqu\u00E9s d\u2019une mani\u00E8re claire et naturelle, \u201EAllgemeine und rationale Grammatik, beinhaltend die Grundlage der Kunst des Sprechens, erkl\u00E4rt in einer klaren und nat\u00FCrlichen Weise\u201C) war ein Pionier-Werk der Sprachphilosophie."@de . . "Gram\u00E0tica de Port Royal"@ca . . . "\u041C\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u0443 \u00AB\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0456\u2026\u00BB \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0433\u043B\u044F\u0434\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u044F\u043A \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430, \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0431\u043C\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437 \u043E\u0431\u043C\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0442\u0438\u043F\u0456\u0432 (\u0444\u043E\u043D\u0435\u043C). \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C, \u0449\u043E \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0454\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0456 \u0456 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043D\u043A\u0446\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438. \u0412\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u0447\u0456\u0442\u043A\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043B\u044F\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0443 \u0442\u0430 . \u0412\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043C \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0454 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E \u0441\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043D\u0456\u043C\u0456\u044E \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0456\u0432, \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0437 \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0454 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043C, \u0430 \u0456\u043D\u0448\u0456 \u2013 \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438. \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0432\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C, \u0449\u043E \u0432 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043C\u0430\u0454 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u0456\u0434\u043F\u043E\u0440\u044F\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0446\u0456 \u0456 \u0434\u043E\u0446\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456: \"\u042F\u043A\u0449\u043E \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u043A\u0430, \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044E\u0447\u0438 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043D\u044F\u0442\u0442\u044F, \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u0443\u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0456 \u0434\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0437\u0443, \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u043B\u044E\u0454 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u0456 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u043F\u0438, \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0456 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0434\u043E\u0441\u044F\u0433\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0445-\u043D\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044C \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u0442\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u0432 \u0442\u043E\u043C\u0443, \u0449\u043E\u0431 \u0441\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u043B\u044E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0438, \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u0435\u0447\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u044F\u043A \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u043E\u0457 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0456 \u0432\u0441\u0456\u0445 \u043C\u043E\u0432 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0443 \". \u0410. \u0410\u0440\u043D\u043E \u0456 \u041A. \u041B\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043B\u043E \u0432\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C, \u0449\u043E \u0446\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u0430 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u044F\u0433\u0442\u0438, \u043B\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0437'\u044F\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438 \u0448\u043B\u044F\u0445\u0438 \u0456 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0432 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0439, \u044F\u043A \u043F\u043E\u043D\u044F\u0442\u0442\u044F, \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u0443\u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0434 \u041D\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043B\u0438, \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u044F\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u044F\u043D\u043E \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438\u043C \u043F\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u044C: , \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0456\u0432, \u0435\u043B\u0456\u043F\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0456 \u0442.\u0434 \u041E\u0434\u043D\u0435 \u0437 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044C \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0438 - \u0446\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043B\u0443 \u043F\u0440\u043E \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0441\u043D\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0439\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0445, \u0434\u0435 \u0430\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430: \"\u041D\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u043E\u0433 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\". \u0417 \u0446\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u041A\u043E\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D \u041C. \u041F. \u0417\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E / \u041C. \u041F. \u041A\u043E\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D., \u0441. 35-37.|\u0410. \u0410\u0440\u043D\u043E \u0456 \u041A. \u041B\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043B\u043E \u043F\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442\u044C: \"\u0423 \u043C\u043E\u0457\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0445\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0442\u044C \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u0443\u0432'\u044F\u0437\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0456 \u0432 \u0446\u044C\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0456. \u0411\u043E \u044F \u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0443\u044E: 1) \u0449\u043E \u0411\u043E\u0433 \u043D\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0439, 2) \u0449\u043E \u0432\u0456\u043D \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442, 3) \u0449\u043E \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043C\u043E. \u0417 \u0446\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u044C\u043E\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0435 \u0454 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0456 \u0433\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043C, \u0443 \u0442\u043E\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u044F\u043A \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435 \u0456 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0454 \u0454 \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0440\u044F\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438, \u0449\u043E \u0432\u0445\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0442\u044C \u0432 \u0433\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0435 \u044F\u043A \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0438; \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0446\u044C\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u044F \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0443 \u0441\u0443\u0431'\u0454\u043A\u0442\u0430, \u0430 \u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0454 - \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0443 \u0446\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u041E\u0442\u0436\u0435, \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0456\u0431\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043D\u0456 \u043B\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0432 \u043D\u0430\u0448\u0456\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456, \u0430\u043B\u0435 \u043D\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0456 \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u044F\u043A \u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0440\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0456. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E \u043C\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043B\u044E\u0454\u043C\u043E \u0446\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0432 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0456. \u0414\u043B\u044F \u0446\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0441\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0439\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0438\u043A \" ."@uk . . . . "Gramatika z Port-Royal (francouzsky: Grammaire de Port-Royal; p\u016Fvodn\u00EDm n\u00E1zvem v\u0161ak: Grammaire g\u00E9n\u00E9rale et raisonn\u00E9e contenant les fondemens de l'art de parler, expliqu\u00E9s d'une mani\u00E8re claire et naturelle, tj. \"Obecn\u00E1 a racion\u00E1ln\u00ED gramatika, obsahuj\u00EDc\u00ED z\u00E1klady um\u011Bn\u00ED mluvit, vysv\u011Btlen\u00E1 jasn\u00FDm a p\u0159irozen\u00FDm zp\u016Fsobem\") byla pr\u016Fkopnick\u00FDm d\u00EDlem filosofie jazyka."@cs . . . . "\u30DD\u30FC\u30EB\u30FB\u30ED\u30EF\u30A4\u30E4\u30EB\u6587\u6CD5\uFF08\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u8A9E: Grammaire de Port-Royal\u3000\u51FA\u7248\u984C: \u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u8A9E: Grammaire g\u00E9n\u00E9rale et raisonn\u00E9e contenant les fondemens de l'art de parler, expliqu\u00E9s d'une mani\u00E8re claire et naturelle\uFF08\u4E00\u822C\u30FB\u7406\u6027\u6587\u6CD5\u3001\u9644\u3000\u660E\u78BA\u3067\u6D41\u66A2\u306A\u8AAC\u660E\u3067\u306E\u8A71\u8853\u306E\u57FA\u790E\uFF09\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u8A00\u8A9E\u54F2\u5B66\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u5148\u99C6\u7684\u8457\u4F5C\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . "\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u041F\u043E\u0440-\u0420\u043E\u044F\u043B\u044F"@ru . . . . "\uC77C\uBC18\uC774\uC131\uBB38\uBC95(Grammaire g\u00E9n\u00E9rale et raisonn\u00E9e)\uC740 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC774\uBA70 \uC774\uC131\uC801\uC778 \uBB38\uBC95\uC744 \uC124\uBA85\uD588\uB2E4\uB294 \uC758\uBBF8\uB85C, \uC559\uD22C\uC548 \uC544\uB974\uB178\uC640 \uD074\uB85C\uB4DC \uB791\uC2AC\uB85C\uAC00 \uC9C0\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC5C4\uBC00\uD558\uACE0 \uB17C\uB9AC\uC801\uC778 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uAC00 \uB3CB\uBCF4\uC778\uB2E4. \uC544\uB974\uB178\uC640 \uB791\uC2AC\uB85C\uC758 \uC774 \uC5ED\uC791\uC740 17\uC138\uAE30 \uCCAB \uCD9C\uAC04 \uC774\uD6C4 \uD604\uB300\uC5D0 \uC774\uB974\uAE30\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC9C0\uC18D\uC801\uC778 \uAD00\uC2EC\uC744 \uBC1B\uC544 \uC654\uB2E4. \uC18C\uC26C\uB974\uC640 \uCD18\uC2A4\uD0A4, \uD478\uCF54\uC640 \uAC19\uC740 \uAC70\uC7A5\uB4E4\uC774 \uBAA8\uB450 \uC774 \uCC45\uC5D0 \uC8FC\uBAA9\uD588\uB2E4. \uC5B8\uC5B4\uD559\uC790\uB4E4\uC774\uB77C\uBA74 \uAE30\uBCF8\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uBD10\uC57C \uD560 \uCC45. \uC774\uC131\uC801\uC778 \uC0AC\uB78C\uC774\uB77C\uBA74 \uB204\uAD6C\uB098 \uC790\uADF9\uC744 \uBC1B\uAC8C \uB420 \uCC45\uC774\uB2E4. \uC624\uB298\uB0A0 \uC5B8\uC5B4 \uC774\uB860\uACFC \uBB38\uBC95\uC758 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC5D0\uC11C \uAC00\uC7A5 \uC911\uC694\uD558\uAC8C \uC190\uAF3D\uD788\uB294 \uC800\uC11C\uB4E4 \uC911\uC758 \uD558\uB098\uB85C \uC778\uC2DD\uB418\uACE0 \uC788\uB294 \u226A\uC77C\uBC18\uC774\uC131\uBB38\uBC95\u226B\uC740 \uD3EC\uB974\uB8E8\uC544\uC584 \uBB38\uBC95\uC73C\uB85C \uB354 \uC798 \uC54C\uB824\uC838 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBB38\uBC95\uD559\uC790\uC778 \uD074\uB85C\uB4DC \uB791\uC2AC\uB85C\uC640 \uCCA0\uD559\uC790\uC778 \uC559\uD22C\uC548 \uC544\uB974\uB178\uAC00 \uD568\uAED8 \uC9D1\uD544\uD55C \uC774 \uCC45\uC740 1660\uB144\uC5D0 \uD30C\uB9AC\uC5D0\uC11C \uC775\uBA85\uC73C\uB85C \uCC98\uC74C \uCD9C\uAC04\uB41C \uD6C4, 1664\uB144, 1676\uB144, 1679\uB144, 1709\uB144\uC5D0 \uACC4\uC18D \uC99D\uBCF4\uB418\uC5B4 \uCD9C\uD310\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uAC01 \uC800\uC790\uC758 \uC774 \uCC45\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uAE30\uC5EC\uB3C4\uB97C \uC815\uD655\uD558\uAC8C \uAD6C\uBCC4\uD574 \uB0B4\uAE30\uAC00 \uBD88\uAC00\uB2A5\uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uC55E\uC120 \uC774\uB860\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC9C0\uC2DD\uACFC \uBB38\uBC95\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC5F0\uAD6C, \uC5B8\uC5B4\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uAD6C\uC0AC\uB294 \uB791\uC2AC\uB85C\uAC00 \uB2F4\uB2F9\uD588\uC744 \uAC83\uC774\uACE0, \uC774\uB4E4 \uC7A1\uB2E4\uD55C \uC790\uB8CC\uB97C \uC6B0\uC218\uD55C \uC9C0\uB2A5\uACFC \uBD84\uC11D\uB825\uC73C\uB85C \uC544\uB974\uB178\uAC00 \uC885\uD569 \uC815\uB9AC\uD588\uB2E4\uACE0 \uCD94\uCE21\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC774 \uD569\uB9AC\uC801\uC778 \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uBCF4\uC778\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . "Grammaire de Port-Royal"@fr . . . . "A Gram\u00E1tica de Port-Royal (t\u00EDtulo original em franc\u00EAs: Grammaire g\u00E9n\u00E9rale et raisonn\u00E9e contenant les fondemens de l'art de parler, expliqu\u00E9s d'une mani\u00E8re claire et naturelle, \"Gram\u00E1tica geral e razoada contendo os fundamentos da arte de falar, explicados de modo claro e natural\") foi um trabalho pioneiro na \u00E1rea da filosofia da linguagem. Publicado em 1660 por Antoine Arnauld e , ela foi a contraparte lingu\u00EDstica \u00E0 L\u00F3gica de Port-Royal (1662), e ambas receberam esse nome em refer\u00EAncia ao monast\u00E9rio jansenista de Port-Royal-des-Champs onde os seus autores trabalhavam. A gram\u00E1tica foi fortemente influenciada pela de Ren\u00E9 Descartes e tem sido utilizada como um exemplo par excellence da lingu\u00EDstica cartesiana por Noam Chomsky. O argumento central da gram\u00E1tica \u00E9 o de que a gram\u00E1tica \u00E9 um conjunto de processos mentais, que s\u00E3o universais; portanto, a gram\u00E1tica \u00E9 universal. Seus criadores propunham um estudo racional e filos\u00F3fico da linguagem, desenvolvendo um ramo do cartesianismo que n\u00E3o foi explorado pelo pr\u00F3prio Descartes. Voltaire chegou a firmar sobre Arnauld que \"persone n`\u00E9tait n\u00E9 avec un espirit plus philosofique\" (ningu\u00E9m nascera com um esp\u00EDrito mais filos\u00F3fico). Na Fran\u00E7a, essa gram\u00E1tica contrastava com os estudos lingu\u00EDsticos existentes no s\u00E9culo XVII, \u00E9poca em que predominava a preocupa\u00E7\u00E3o com o bon usage, o \"bom uso\", que enfatizava o lado estil\u00EDstico da linguagem, sem maior interesse em conhecer as causas, os fundamentos e a estrutura da linguagem. Claude Favre de Vaugelas foi o maior expoente dessa busca do bon usage com o \"Remarques sur la langue fran\u00E7aise\" (\"Observa\u00E7\u00F5es sobre a l\u00EDngua francesa\"), de 1647. Tamb\u00E9m se destacaram nessa linha , e . Vaugelas reclamou contra as afirma\u00E7\u00F5es de Lancelot de que o bom uso n\u00E3o tem fundamento racional. Os senhores de Port-Royal, coerentemente, na pr\u00E1tica escreviam de modo diferente dos adeptos do bon ou bel usage. Curiosamente, a escola do bom uso ainda produz os seus efeitos no Brasil, com os alunos sendo treinados para evitarem a repeti\u00E7\u00E3o de palavras ao escreverem uma reda\u00E7\u00E3o para n\u00E3o parecer \"feio\" ou \"deselegante\" ou sob o argumento de tentar manter o texto mais \u201Cconciso\u201D, e lhes \u00E9 recomendado o uso de sin\u00F4nimos, o que retira clareza do texto, algo que prejudica a elabora\u00E7\u00E3o de um texto na \u00E1rea das ci\u00EAncias humanas, por exemplo, em que palavras como substantivos devem ser repetidos sempre que necess\u00E1rio. Outra caracter\u00EDstica marcante da gram\u00E1tica de Port-Royal \u00E9 que, coerentes com seus princ\u00EDpios teol\u00F3gicos e morais, seus criadores anteciparam-se aos outros educadores religiosos em rela\u00E7\u00E3o ao expurgo das obras latinas que traduziam. Jean de La Fontaine fala dos expurgos feitos por De Saci em suas tradu\u00E7\u00F5es, antes mesmo de o jesu\u00EDta faz\u00EA-lo. Justificam tais depura\u00E7\u00F5es com o respeito devido \u00E0 inoc\u00EAncia da crian\u00E7a e ao Esp\u00EDrito Santo que nela habita. dizia que \u00E9 preciso transmitir aos educandos os valores da cultura cl\u00E1ssica, mas sem seus v\u00EDcios e imoralidades. Essa pr\u00E1tica inaugurada em Port-Royal permanece em uso no Brasil, e \u00E9 equivocadamente confundida com outro conceito, o de politicamente correto, como podemos constar, por exemplo, em mat\u00E9ria realizada pelo jornal Zero Hora."@pt . "\u30DD\u30FC\u30EB\u30FB\u30ED\u30EF\u30A4\u30E4\u30EB\u6587\u6CD5"@ja . "A Gram\u00E1tica de Port-Royal (t\u00EDtulo original em franc\u00EAs: Grammaire g\u00E9n\u00E9rale et raisonn\u00E9e contenant les fondemens de l'art de parler, expliqu\u00E9s d'une mani\u00E8re claire et naturelle, \"Gram\u00E1tica geral e razoada contendo os fundamentos da arte de falar, explicados de modo claro e natural\") foi um trabalho pioneiro na \u00E1rea da filosofia da linguagem. Publicado em 1660 por Antoine Arnauld e , ela foi a contraparte lingu\u00EDstica \u00E0 L\u00F3gica de Port-Royal (1662), e ambas receberam esse nome em refer\u00EAncia ao monast\u00E9rio jansenista de Port-Royal-des-Champs onde os seus autores trabalhavam. A gram\u00E1tica foi fortemente influenciada pela de Ren\u00E9 Descartes e tem sido utilizada como um exemplo par excellence da lingu\u00EDstica cartesiana por Noam Chomsky. O argumento central da gram\u00E1tica \u00E9 o de que a gram\u00E1tica \u00E9 um con"@pt . . . . "Gramatika z Port-Royal"@cs . "\u00AB\u0412\u0441\u0435\u043E\u0301\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044F \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0301\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u041F\u043E\u0440-\u0420\u043E\u044F\u0301\u043B\u044F\u00BB, \u00AB\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u041F\u043E\u0440-\u0420\u043E\u044F\u0301\u043B\u044F\u00BB (\u0444\u0440. Grammaire g\u00E9n\u00E9rale et raisonn\u00E9e de Port-Royal) \u2014 \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0430, \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0430\u0431\u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044B\u0440\u044F \u041F\u043E\u0440-\u0420\u043E\u044F\u043B\u044C \u0410\u043D\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0410\u0440\u043D\u043E \u0438 \u041A\u043B\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043C \u041B\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043B\u043E \u0432 1660 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044B\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044C \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u041F\u043E\u0440-\u0420\u043E\u044F\u043B\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0435 \u0441 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0435\u043C \u043F\u043E \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u043A\u0435. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u043C \u0444\u0443\u043D\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C, \u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u043C\u044B\u043C \u043A \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043C, \u0432 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043E\u0431\u044A\u044F\u0441\u043D\u044F\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043C\u044B\u0448\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438 \u0432\u043E\u0441\u043F\u0440\u0438\u044F\u0442\u0438\u044F \u0447\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u0432\u044B\u0433\u043B\u044F\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043A: \u00AB\u0412\u0441\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044F \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430, \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044F \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u044B \u0438\u0441\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438, \u0438\u0437\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u044F\u0441\u043D\u043E \u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E; \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043C \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u043E\u0432, \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0438 \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438; \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043E \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0435\u00BB. \u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0438\u0437\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0432 \u00AB\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0435 \u041F\u043E\u0440-\u0420\u043E\u044F\u043B\u044F\u00BB, \u2014 \u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u00AB\u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443\u0434\u043A\u0430\u00BB, \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0445 \u0432\u043E\u0441\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F, \u0430\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0438 \u043E\u0441\u043C\u044B\u0441\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C; \u043F\u043E \u043C\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432 \u00AB\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438\u2026\u00BB, \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0438\u043C\u044B \u0438\u0441\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A \u0438 \u0432\u044B\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043C\u044B \u043B\u0438\u0448\u044C \u0441 \u0435\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0449\u044C\u044E. \u0414\u043B\u044F \u0432\u044B\u044F\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043C\u043E\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432, \u043E\u0431\u044F\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0432\u043E \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u043A\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0430\u0445, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0442 \u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0444\u0430\u043A\u0442\u044B \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0430, \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440\u044B \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043D\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E, \u043B\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E, \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043D\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E, \u0438\u0441\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E, \u0438\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u044F\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E, \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0438 \u043D\u0435\u043C\u0435\u0446\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u043E\u0432. \u0422\u0435\u043C \u0441\u0430\u043C\u044B\u043C \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B \u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044E\u0442 \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0443\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041E\u0434\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0443\u043A\u0446\u0438\u044F \u00AB\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438\u2026\u00BB \u043E\u0442\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0435\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0439, \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044B \u043D\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043D\u0430 \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C. \u00AB\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430\u2026\u00BB \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u043E\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438, \u0441 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u044B, \u0441 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043E\u0439, \u0430 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043E\u0439 \u2014 \u0441 \u043D\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438."@ru . . . . . "9482691"^^ . . . . "1123259137"^^ . . "\u30DD\u30FC\u30EB\u30FB\u30ED\u30EF\u30A4\u30E4\u30EB\u6587\u6CD5\uFF08\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u8A9E: Grammaire de Port-Royal\u3000\u51FA\u7248\u984C: \u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u8A9E: Grammaire g\u00E9n\u00E9rale et raisonn\u00E9e contenant les fondemens de l'art de parler, expliqu\u00E9s d'une mani\u00E8re claire et naturelle\uFF08\u4E00\u822C\u30FB\u7406\u6027\u6587\u6CD5\u3001\u9644\u3000\u660E\u78BA\u3067\u6D41\u66A2\u306A\u8AAC\u660E\u3067\u306E\u8A71\u8853\u306E\u57FA\u790E\uFF09\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u8A00\u8A9E\u54F2\u5B66\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u5148\u99C6\u7684\u8457\u4F5C\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . "\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u041F\u043E\u0440-\u0420\u043E\u044F\u043B\u044F"@uk . "Die Grammatik von Port-Royal (eigentlich Grammaire g\u00E9n\u00E9rale et raisonn\u00E9e contenant les fondemens de l\u2019art de parler, expliqu\u00E9s d\u2019une mani\u00E8re claire et naturelle, \u201EAllgemeine und rationale Grammatik, beinhaltend die Grundlage der Kunst des Sprechens, erkl\u00E4rt in einer klaren und nat\u00FCrlichen Weise\u201C) war ein Pionier-Werk der Sprachphilosophie. Es wurde 1660 von Antoine Arnauld und Claude Lancelot publiziert. Arnauld verfasste zwei Jahre sp\u00E4ter zusammen mit Pierre Nicole auch die Logik von Port-Royal. Beide Werke sind benannt nach dem jansenistischen Kloster Port-Royal-des-Champs, wo die Autoren gearbeitet haben. Die Grammatik war stark beeinflusst von den Regulae ad directionem ingenii des Ren\u00E9 Descartes und wurde von Noam Chomsky als Beispiel par excellence der Cartesischen Linguistik bezeichnet. Eine zentrale, von Chomsky als Hinweis auf eine Vorl\u00E4uferschaft zu seiner Universalgrammatik reklamierte Aussage der Grammatik ist, dass grammatische Strukturen durch universale mentale Strukturen erkl\u00E4rbar sind."@de . . . . . "La Gram\u00E0tica de Port Royal (t\u00EDtol original en franc\u00E8s Grammaire G\u00E9n\u00E9rale et raisonn\u00E9e contenant les fondemens de l'art de parler, expliqu\u00E9s d'une mani\u00E8re claire et naturelle), \"Gram\u00E0tica general i raonada que cont\u00E9 els fonaments de l'art de parlar, explicats de manera clara i natural\", publicada l'any 1660 i escrita per Antoine Arnauld (1612-1694) humanista, hel\u00B7lenista i matem\u00E0tic, i Claude Lancelot (1615-1695), gram\u00E0tic. Fou la primera part ling\u00FC\u00EDstica a l'obra Logique de Port-Royal (1662) del mateix Antoine Arnauld i de Pierre Nicole. \u00C9s el primer exemple de gram\u00E0tica general, la que t\u00E9 com a prop\u00F2sit enunciar els principis que regeixen totes les lleng\u00FCes, despla\u00E7ant com a model de gram\u00E0tica a la del llat\u00ED, i \u00E9s considerat un dels treballs pioners en la filosofia del llenguatge."@ca . . . . . "Grammatik von Port-Royal"@de . . . . . . . . "\u041C\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u0443 \u00AB\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0456\u2026\u00BB \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0433\u043B\u044F\u0434\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u044F\u043A \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430, \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0431\u043C\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437 \u043E\u0431\u043C\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0442\u0438\u043F\u0456\u0432 (\u0444\u043E\u043D\u0435\u043C). \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C, \u0449\u043E \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0454\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0456 \u0456 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043D\u043A\u0446\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438. \u0412\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u0447\u0456\u0442\u043A\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043B\u044F\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0443 \u0442\u0430 . \u0412\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043C \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0454 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E \u0441\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043D\u0456\u043C\u0456\u044E \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0456\u0432, \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0437 \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0454 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043C, \u0430 \u0456\u043D\u0448\u0456 \u2013 \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438. \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0432\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C, \u0449\u043E \u0432 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043C\u0430\u0454 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u0456\u0434\u043F\u043E\u0440\u044F\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0446\u0456 \u0456 \u0434\u043E\u0446\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456: \"\u042F\u043A\u0449\u043E \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u043A\u0430, \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044E\u0447\u0438 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043D\u044F\u0442\u0442\u044F, \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u0443\u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0456 \u0434\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0437\u0443, \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u043B\u044E\u0454 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u0456 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u043F\u0438, \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0456 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0434\u043E\u0441\u044F\u0433\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0445-\u043D\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044C \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u0442\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u0432 \u0442\u043E\u043C\u0443, \u0449\u043E\u0431 \u0441\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u043B\u044E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0438, \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u0435\u0447\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u044F\u043A \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u043E\u0457 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0456 \u0432\u0441\u0456\u0445 \u043C\u043E\u0432 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0443 \". \u0410. \u0410\u0440\u043D\u043E \u0456 \u041A. \u041B\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043B\u043E \u0432\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C, \u0449\u043E \u0446\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u0430 "@uk .