. . . . . . "Kapal tempur pra-Dreadnought adalah kapal tempur generasi sebelum HMS Dreadnought diluncurkan oleh Inggris sekitar tahun 1906. Dijadikannya HMS Dreadnought sebagai patokan pada masa itu karena kapal tersebut mencerminkan perubahan pada rancang bangun, konfigurasi senjata dan lain lain yang berbeda pada masa kapal sebelumnya. Pada masa itu, sebagaimana masa sekarang diperlukan eksperimen untuk memperoleh kapal perang terbaik."@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1040599"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "Pre-dreadnought"@es . . . . . . . "Pre-dreadnought es el t\u00E9rmino general para referirse los acorazados oce\u00E1nicos construidos entre 1890 y 1905. Los pre-dreadnoughts reemplazaron a los ironclad, buques de guerra predominantes en las d\u00E9cadas de 1870 y 1880. Estaban construidos en acero, y protegidos por un blindaje de acero endurecido, los pre-dreadnought t\u00EDpicos portaban una bater\u00EDa principal de ca\u00F1ones de muy grueso calibre en torretas, apoyada por una bater\u00EDa secundaria m\u00E1s ligera. Su propulsi\u00F3n corr\u00EDa a cargo de m\u00E1quinas de vapor de triple expansi\u00F3n alimentadas con carb\u00F3n. En contraste con el ca\u00F3tico desarrollo de los ironclad en las d\u00E9cadas precedentes, la d\u00E9cada de 1890 vio como las armadas del mundo constru\u00EDan acorazados con dise\u00F1os similares, siguiendo esencialmente la pauta marcada por la brit\u00E1nica clase Majestic.\u200B La similitud en los acorazados en la d\u00E9cada de 1890 se vio subrayada por el incremento de buques construidos. Las nuevas potencias navales como Alemania, Jap\u00F3n y Estados Unidos comenzaron a establecer sus flotas de pre-dreadnought, mientras que armadas como las de Gran Breta\u00F1a, Francia y Rusia se expand\u00EDan con ellos para hacer frente a estas nuevas amenazas. El choque decisivo entre flotas de pre-dreadnought, tuvo lugar entre la Armada Imperial Rusa y la Armada Imperial Japonesa durante la batalla de Tsushima el 27 de mayo de 1905.\u200B Estas docenas de acorazados quedaron repentinamente obsoletos con la aparici\u00F3n del HMS Dreadnought en 1906. El Dreadnought sigui\u00F3 la tendencia de adoptar un dise\u00F1o con toda la artiller\u00EDa de grueso calibre, al igual que el nuevo buque, que contaba con un esquema de diez piezas de 305 mm (12\u201D). Su innovadora maquinaria con turbinas de vapor tambi\u00E9n lo hac\u00EDa m\u00E1s r\u00E1pido.\u200B Los acorazados previos quedaron desfasados y se\u00F1alados desde ese momento como pre-dreadnought, mientras que los nuevos acorazados, que segu\u00EDan las pautas de dise\u00F1o marcadas por el nuevo buque, ser\u00EDan conocidos desde entonces como dreadnought; a pesar de esto, los acorazados pre-dreadnought jugaron un importante papel en la Primera Guerra Mundial e, incluso, llegaron a participar algunas unidades en la Segunda Guerra Mundial.\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . "\u524D\u5F29\u7D1A\u6226\u8266"@ja . . . . . . "Pre-dreadnought es el t\u00E9rmino general para referirse los acorazados oce\u00E1nicos construidos entre 1890 y 1905. Los pre-dreadnoughts reemplazaron a los ironclad, buques de guerra predominantes en las d\u00E9cadas de 1870 y 1880. Estaban construidos en acero, y protegidos por un blindaje de acero endurecido, los pre-dreadnought t\u00EDpicos portaban una bater\u00EDa principal de ca\u00F1ones de muy grueso calibre en torretas, apoyada por una bater\u00EDa secundaria m\u00E1s ligera. Su propulsi\u00F3n corr\u00EDa a cargo de m\u00E1quinas de vapor de triple expansi\u00F3n alimentadas con carb\u00F3n."@es . . . "\u0414\u043E\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0443\u0442, \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043B\u0438\u043D\u043A\u043E\u0440 \u0434\u043E\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0443\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u0438\u043F\u0430 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Pre-dreadnought battleship) \u2014 \u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043B\u0438\u043D\u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432, \u0432\u044B\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044F \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u044F\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0443\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0432\u043E \u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0435 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044F\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044F XX \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430, \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043E \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0438\u044E \u0432 \u043C\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043C \u043A\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043B\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438."@ru . . . . "Pre-dreadnought battleships were sea-going battleships built between the mid- to late- 1880s and 1905, before the launch of HMS Dreadnought in 1906. The pre-dreadnought ships replaced the ironclad battleships of the 1870s and 1880s. Built from steel, protected by case-hardened steel armour, and powered by coal-fired triple-expansion steam engines, pre-dreadnought battleships carried a main battery of very heavy guns in fully enclosed rotating turrets supported by one or more secondary batteries of lighter weapons."@en . . "Predreadnought (pou\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 se tak\u00E9 term\u00EDn \u0159adov\u00E1 lo\u010F) je ozna\u010Den\u00ED pro bitevn\u00ED lod\u011B zav\u00E1d\u011Bn\u00E9 do slu\u017Eby p\u0159ibli\u017En\u011B mezi lety 1890 a 1906 (dokon\u010Den\u00ED bitevn\u00ED lod\u011B HMS Dreadnought, kter\u00E1 znamenala z\u00E1sadn\u00ED p\u0159elom v lodn\u00ED konstrukci). Hlavn\u00EDmi nev\u00FDhodami oproti pozd\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDm dreadnought\u016Fm se u star\u0161\u00EDch lod\u00ED uk\u00E1zala slab\u0161\u00ED v\u00FDzbroj hlavn\u00EDch d\u011Bl a men\u0161\u00ED rychlost. Tyto lod\u011B hr\u00E1ly hlavn\u00ED roli ve \u0161pan\u011Blsko-americk\u00E9 a rusko-japonsk\u00E9 v\u00E1lce. \u010C\u00E1ste\u010Dnou roli hr\u00E1ly v prvn\u00ED sv\u011Btov\u00E9 v\u00E1lce a v aktivn\u00ED slu\u017Eb\u011B posledn\u00EDch n\u011Bkolik doslou\u017Eilo za druh\u00E9 sv\u011Btov\u00E9 v\u00E1lky. Posledn\u00EDm byl SMS Schlesien, kter\u00FD slou\u017Eil t\u00E9m\u011B\u0159 do posledn\u00EDho dne druh\u00E9 sv\u011Btov\u00E9 v\u00E1lky. Hlavn\u00EDm znakem predreadnought\u016F je v\u00FDzbroj slo\u017Een\u00E1 ze 4 t\u011B\u017Ek\u00FDch d\u011Bl (nej\u010Dast\u011Bji r\u00E1\u017Ee 305 mm), um\u00EDst\u011Bn\u00FDch ve 2 panc\u00E9\u0159ov\u00FDch v\u011B\u017E\u00EDch na p\u0159\u00EDdi a z\u00E1di lod\u011B, dopln\u011Bn\u00E1 10\u201314 d\u011Bly st\u0159edn\u00ED r\u00E1\u017Ee (150 mm) v kasemat\u00E1ch nebo men\u0161\u00EDch v\u011B\u017E\u00EDch na boc\u00EDch lod\u011B a zhruba 30 d\u011Bly mal\u00E9 r\u00E1\u017Ee (37\u201375 mm) rozm\u00EDst\u011Bn\u00FDmi na n\u00E1stavb\u00E1ch. T\u011B\u017Ek\u00E1 d\u011Bla (st\u0159\u00EDlela 350 kg st\u0159ely na vzd\u00E1lenost 10\u201312 km) m\u011Bla za \u00FAkol ni\u010Dit obrn\u011Bn\u00E1 plavidla protivn\u00EDka, p\u0159\u00EDpadn\u011B ost\u0159elovat opevn\u011Bn\u00E9 c\u00EDle na pob\u0159e\u017E\u00ED. Nev\u00FDhodou byla mal\u00E1 rychlost palby (1 v\u00FDst\u0159el za 1\u20133 minuty). St\u0159edn\u00ED d\u011Bla (st\u0159\u00EDlela 45 kg st\u0159ely na vzd\u00E1lenost 8\u201310 km) m\u011Bla za \u00FAkol ni\u010Dit slab\u011Bji panc\u00E9\u0159ovan\u00E9 \u010D\u00E1sti nep\u0159\u00E1telsk\u00FDch lod\u00ED, p\u0159\u00EDpadn\u011B bojovat proti leh\u010D\u00EDm plavidl\u016Fm a d\u00EDky rychlej\u0161\u00ED st\u0159elb\u011B (3\u20135 ran za minutu) vykr\u00FDvat dobu nutnou k nabit\u00ED hlavn\u00EDch d\u011Bl. \u00DAkolem lehk\u00FDch d\u011Bl bylo zaji\u0161\u0165ovat ochranu plavidla p\u0159ed \u00FAtoky nep\u0159\u00E1telsk\u00FDch torp\u00E9dov\u00FDch plavidel. Mimo d\u011Blost\u0159eleck\u00E9 v\u00FDzbroje byly predreadnoughty vybavov\u00E1ny tak\u00E9 torp\u00E9domety, ale jejich pou\u017Eit\u00ED nebylo vzhledem k rozm\u011Br\u016Fm a rychlosti lod\u00ED nikdy \u00FAsp\u011B\u0161n\u00E9. Predreadnoughty byly poh\u00E1n\u011Bny nej\u010Dast\u011Bji 2 v\u00EDcev\u00E1lcov\u00FDmi parn\u00EDmi stroji, kter\u00E9 jim umo\u017E\u0148ovaly dos\u00E1hnout rychlosti 16\u201318 uzl\u016F. Plachty ji\u017E tyto lod\u011B nenesly, st\u011B\u017En\u011B byly vyu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1ny pro signalizaci, pozorov\u00E1n\u00ED a \u010Dasto i um\u00EDst\u011Bn\u00ED lehk\u00FDch d\u011Bl. Pr\u016Fm\u011Brn\u00E9 rozm\u011Bry predreadnought\u016F: \n* d\u00E9lka 120 m \n* \u0161\u00ED\u0159ka 22 m \n* ponor 8 m \n* v\u00FDtlak 10\u201313 000 tun \n* pos\u00E1dka 600\u2013800 mu\u017E\u016F Jedin\u00FDm do dne\u0161n\u00ED doby dochovan\u00FDm predreadnoughtem je japonsk\u00E1 Mikasa zachovan\u00E1 jako pam\u00E1tn\u00EDk v Jokosuce."@cs . . . "\u524D\u5F29\u7D1A\u6226\u8266\uFF08\u305C\u3093\u3069\u304D\u3085\u3046\u305B\u3093\u304B\u3093\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E: Pre-dreadnought battleship\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u6226\u8266\u306E\u521D\u671F\u306E\u5F62\u614B\u3092\u6307\u3057\u30011890\u5E74\u4EE3\u4E2D\u9803\u304B\u3089\u5EFA\u9020\u304C\u59CB\u307E\u308A\u3001\u5F29\u7D1A\u6226\u8266\u304C\u767B\u5834\u3057\u305F1906\u5E74\u307E\u3067\u306E\u671F\u9593\u306B\u5EFA\u9020\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002 1870-1880\u5E74\u4EE3\u306E\u88C5\u7532\u8266\u306B\u4EE3\u308F\u3063\u3066\u4E3B\u529B\u8266\u3068\u3057\u3066\u767B\u5834\u3057\u305F\u304C\u3001\u5F29\u7D1A\u6226\u8266\u306E\u767B\u5834\u306B\u3088\u308A\u305D\u306E\u5730\u4F4D\u3092\u8B72\u3063\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . "Kapal tempur pra-dreadnought"@in . . . . . "Con pre-dreadnought o corazzata policalibro/pluricalibro si indica una categoria di navi da battaglia progettate nel periodo compreso tra gli anni 1880 e il 1905; il nome deriva dal fatto che la realizzazione di queste unit\u00E0 fu immediatamente precedente al varo, nel 1906, della nave da battaglia HMS Dreadnought, che con il suo progetto rivoluzionario fece da capostipite per una nuova generazione di navi da battaglia (le \"dreadnought\", appunto) che rese di colpo obsolete e superate tutte le unit\u00E0 realizzate precedentemente. Evoluzione delle \"navi corazzate\" progettate nella seconda met\u00E0 del XIX secolo, con le pre-dreadnought si arriv\u00F2 all'adozione generalizzata della sistemazione dell'armamento di artiglieria principale in postazioni rotanti lungo l'asse centrale della nave, prima in barbette e poi in torrette blindate completamente chiuse. La dotazione di artiglieria si caratterizzava per una batteria principale di pezzi di grosso calibro (generalmente quattro cannoni divisi in due torrette binate, una a prua e una a poppa), e una o due batterie di pezzi di calibro medio e leggero sistemate lungo il bordo dello scafo in torrette o casematte corazzate; questa compresenza di pezzi di calibro pesante e medio/leggero era all'origine dell'appellativo di \"corazzata pluricalibro\" usato per indicare queste unit\u00E0. Le pre-dreadnought furono le prime unit\u00E0 realizzate prevalentemente o interamente in acciaio, e videro il definitivo abbandono della propulsione tramite vela in favore unicamente di motori a vapore a tripla espansione. L'unica pre-dreadnought sopravvissuta (come nave museo), la Mikasa della Marina imperiale giapponese. In contrasto con il caotico sviluppo delle navi corazzate nei decenni precedenti, a partire dagli anni 1890 il modello progettuale delle pre-dreadnought si standardizz\u00F2 secondo linee chiaramente definite e adottate da tutte le principali marine militari mondiali; la similitudine dei progetti coincise con il notevole incremento delle navi costruite, sia ad opera delle tradizionali potenze navali mondiali (Regno Unito, Francia, Impero russo) che dai nuovi attori che si stavano affacciando alla competizione militare sui mari (Impero tedesco, Stati Uniti d'America, Impero giapponese, Regno d'Italia, Impero austro-ungarico). La guerra russo-giapponese del 1904-1905 rappresent\u00F2 il maggior conflitto in cui furono protagoniste le pre-dreadnought. Lo sviluppo delle nuove dreadnought nei primi anni del XX secolo rese di colpo completamente obsolete le precedenti pre-dreadnought, superate in dotazione di artiglieria (ora standardizzata su pezzi unicamente di grosso calibro) e velocit\u00E0 (in ragione dell'adozione delle turbine a vapore); le pre-dreadnought furono ancora intensamente impiegate nel corso della prima guerra mondiale, ma solo in ragione della loro natura di unit\u00E0 \"spendibili\" e facilmente sacrificabili. Con l'adozione dei limiti agli armamenti stabiliti dal trattato navale di Washington del 1922, la gran parte delle pre-dreadnought ancora esistenti fu avviata alla demolizione e solo pochi esemplari, relegati al ruolo di nave scuola o unit\u00E0 ausiliaria, rimasero in attivit\u00E0 fino agli anni 1950. L'unica pre-dreadnought ancora esistente \u00E8 la giapponese Mikasa, conservata come nave-museo."@it . . . . "Pre-dreadnought"@it . . . "\u524D\u7121\u754F\u8266\uFF08Pre-dreadnought battleship\uFF09\u662F\u57281890\u5E74\u4EE3\u4E2D\u671F\u81F31905\u5E74\u671F\u9593\u5EFA\u9020\u7684\u6230\u8266\u7684\u7D71\u7A31\u3002\u5B83\u53D6\u4EE3\u9435\u7532\u8266\uFF0C\u6210\u70BA\u5404\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u7684\u4E3B\u529B\uFF0C\u76F4\u81F3\u4E8C\u5341\u4E16\u7D00\u521D\u88AB\u7121\u754F\u8266\u6240\u53D6\u4EE3\u3002 \u524D\u7121\u754F\u8266\u4ECB\u4E8E\u9435\u7532\u8266\u548C\u7121\u754F\u8266\u4E4B\u95F4\u3002\u8F83\u9435\u7532\u8266\u589E\u52A0\u6392\u6C34\u91CF\u81F31\u4E07\u5428\u4EE5\u4E0A\uFF0C\u6807\u914D2\u81F34\u95E812\u5BF8\u5DE6\u53F3\u7684\u91CD\u578B\u706B\u70AE\u4E3A\u4E3B\u70AE\uFF0C\u4ECD\u5728\u8237\u4FA7\u914D\u6709\u5927\u91CF\u4E00\u7A2E\u4EE5\u4E0A\u4E2D\u53E3\u5F84\u706B\u70AE\u4E3A\u526F\u70AE\uFF1B\u6280\u672F\u4E0A\uFF0C\u56E0\u7535\u52A8\u6216\u6DB2\u538B\u7CFB\u7EDF\u7684\u666E\u53CA\uFF0C\u6C89\u91CD\u7684\u4E3B\u70AE\u5F97\u4EE5\u5B89\u88C5\u66F4\u6C89\u91CD\u7684\u5C01\u95ED\u5F0F\u88C5\u7532\u65CB\u8F6C\u70AE\u5854\uFF0C\u548C\u673A\u68B0\u8F85\u52A9\u88C5\u586B\uFF0C\u800C\u975E\u9435\u7532\u8266\u5305\u62EC\u64CD\u8235\u4ECD\u4F9D\u8D56\u4F17\u591A\u4EBA\u529B\u64CD\u4F5C\uFF1B\u8239\u4F53\u5B8C\u5168\u91C7\u7528\u94A2\u7ED3\u6784\uFF0C\u800C\u975E\u94A2\u6728\u6DF7\u5408\u7ED3\u6784\uFF1B\u52A8\u529B\u91C7\u7528\u71C3\u7164\u84B8\u6C7D\u6A5F\uFF0C\u800C\u975E\u673A\u5E06\u6DF7\u5408\u52A8\u529B\u3002\u8F83\u7121\u754F\u8266\uFF0C\u5219\u4E3B\u70AE\u6570\u91CF\u8F83\u5C11\uFF0C\u4ECD\u7C7B\u4F3C\u98CE\u5E06\u6218\u8230\u65F6\u4EE3\u4EE5\u63A5\u8237\u8FD1\u6218\u6218\u672F\u4E3A\u4E3B\u5BFC\u601D\u60F3\uFF0C\u800C\u975E\u7121\u754F\u8266\u4EE5\u8FDC\u8DDD\u79BB\u91CD\u70AE\u8DE8\u5C04\u4F5C\u6218\u4E3A\u4E3B\u8981\u4F5C\u6218\u624B\u6BB5\u3002 \u57281890\u5E74\u4EE3\uFF0C\u5404\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u958B\u59CB\u4EE5\u82F1\u570B\u4F5C\u70BA\u85CD\u672C\u5EFA\u9020\u65B0\u578B\u6230\u8266\u3002\u5178\u578B\u7684\u524D\u7121\u754F\u8266\u6F14\u8FDB\u8FC7\u7A0B\u7ECF\u5386\u4E86\u82F1\u56FD-->-->\u81F3\u6700\u540E\u7684\u8FC7\u7A0B\uFF0C\u968F\u540E\u8FDB\u5165\u7121\u754F\u8266\u65F6\u4EE3\u3002\u4E3B\u8981\u6280\u672F\u9769\u65B0\u96C6\u4E2D\u5728\u70AE\u5854\u4E0A\uFF1B\u4ECE\u5F00\u59CB\u7684\u56FA\u5B9A\u9732\u5929\u70AE\u53F0\u4EBA\u529B\u706B\u70AE\u65CB\u8F6C\uFF0C\u6F14\u5316\u81F3\u4E00\u4F53\u5316\u70AE\u5854\u673A\u68B0\u529B\u65CB\u8F6C\uFF1B\u4ECE\u68A8\u5F62\u70AE\u5EA7\uFF0C\u63D0\u5F39\u673A\u4F4D\u4E8E\u70AE\u5854\u5EA7\u5708\u4E4B\u5916\uFF0C\u6F14\u5316\u81F3\u70AE\u5854\u8F74\u5FC3\u63D0\u5F39\u673A\uFF0C\u5168\u65B9\u5411\u4F9B\u5F39\u3002\u5F53\u8FD9\u4E9B\u5343\u5947\u767E\u602A\u7684\u65B0\u6280\u672F\u5728\u5B9E\u6218\u7684\u5C1D\u8BD5\u4E2D\u7A33\u5B9A\u6210\u578B\u4E3A\u5404\u56FD\u91C7\u7528\u540E\uFF0C\u6700\u7EC8\u4FC3\u6210\u4E86\u7121\u754F\u578B\u6230\u5217\u8266\u7684\u8BDE\u751F\u3002"@zh . . . "1124826926"^^ . . . . . . "\u00AB Pr\u00E9-dreadnought \u00BB est le terme utilis\u00E9 pour d\u00E9signer les cuirass\u00E9s construits entre le milieu des ann\u00E9es 1890 et 1905 pour remplacer les premiers cuirass\u00E9s des ann\u00E9es 1870-1880. Construits en acier et prot\u00E9g\u00E9s par un blindage en acier renforc\u00E9, les cuirass\u00E9s pr\u00E9-dreadnought embarquaient deux calibres d'artillerie : l'artillerie principale compos\u00E9e de pi\u00E8ces de gros calibre en tourelles et l'artillerie secondaire d'un calibre plus faible sous tourelles \u00E9galement mais aussi en casemates de chaque c\u00F4t\u00E9 de la coque. Ils \u00E9taient propuls\u00E9s par une machine \u00E0 vapeur \u00E0 triple expansion chauffant au charbon. Par contraste avec le d\u00E9veloppement chaotique des premiers navires \u00E0 coque blind\u00E9e durant les d\u00E9cennies pr\u00E9c\u00E9dentes, les ann\u00E9es 1890 virent les marines du monde entier commencer \u00E0 construire des cuirass\u00E9s aux caract\u00E9ristiques proches de celles de la classe Majestic britannique. La similitude d'aspect entre les navires de guerre des ann\u00E9es 1890 a \u00E9t\u00E9 soulign\u00E9e par le nombre croissant de navires en cours de construction. Des nouvelles puissances navales comme l'Empire allemand, l'Empire du Japon et les \u00C9tats-Unis commenc\u00E8rent \u00E0 s'imposer tandis que les marines du Royaume-Uni, de la France et de la Russie se pr\u00E9par\u00E8rent \u00E0 faire face \u00E0 ces nouvelles menaces. Un affrontement important entre pr\u00E9-dreadnoughts eut lieu entre les marines russe et japonaise lors de la bataille de Tsushima le 27 mai 1905 (victoire japonaise). Les cuirass\u00E9s pr\u00E9-dreadnoughts furent soudainement rendus obsol\u00E8tes par l'arriv\u00E9e du navire britannique HMS Dreadnought en 1906. Ce navire fut le premier \u00E0 adopter une artillerie principale monocalibre de 305 mm et \u00E0 \u00EAtre propuls\u00E9 par une innovante turbine \u00E0 vapeur. S'il d\u00E9classait tous les pr\u00E9-dreadnoughts \u00E9trangers, le HMS Dreadnought d\u00E9classait du m\u00EAme coup tous ceux de la Royal Navy et obligeait toutes les grandes nations maritimes \u00E0 reconstruire de nouvelles flottes de ce nouveau type de navire nomm\u00E9 dreadnought. En d\u00E9pit de leur valeur militaire moindre, les pr\u00E9-dreadnoughts jou\u00E8rent un r\u00F4le important durant la Premi\u00E8re Guerre mondiale et certains particip\u00E8rent m\u00EAme \u00E0 la Seconde Guerre mondiale."@fr . "Pr\u00E9-dreadnought"@pt . "Con pre-dreadnought o corazzata policalibro/pluricalibro si indica una categoria di navi da battaglia progettate nel periodo compreso tra gli anni 1880 e il 1905; il nome deriva dal fatto che la realizzazione di queste unit\u00E0 fu immediatamente precedente al varo, nel 1906, della nave da battaglia HMS Dreadnought, che con il suo progetto rivoluzionario fece da capostipite per una nuova generazione di navi da battaglia (le \"dreadnought\", appunto) che rese di colpo obsolete e superate tutte le unit\u00E0 realizzate precedentemente."@it . . . . . . 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"\u041F\u0440\u0435-\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0443\u0442\u0438 (\u0430\u0431\u043E \u0434\u043E\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0443\u0442\u0438) \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0456 \u043B\u0456\u043D\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0456 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043B\u0456, \u043F\u043E\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0456 \u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043E\u0434 \u0437 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0438 1880-\u0445 \u0434\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043A\u0443 20 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F, \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0440\u043E\u043C \u043F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u043F\u043E\u044F\u0432\u0438 HMS Dreadnought. \u0423 \u0440\u043E\u0441\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0439 \u043B\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u0446\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0435\u0442\u0430\u043F\u0443 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043A\u0443 \u043B\u0456\u043D\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043B\u0456\u0432 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \"\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0446\u044F\u043C\u0438\"."@uk . . . . "\u0414\u043E\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0443\u0442"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . "\u524D\u7121\u754F\u8266\uFF08Pre-dreadnought battleship\uFF09\u662F\u57281890\u5E74\u4EE3\u4E2D\u671F\u81F31905\u5E74\u671F\u9593\u5EFA\u9020\u7684\u6230\u8266\u7684\u7D71\u7A31\u3002\u5B83\u53D6\u4EE3\u9435\u7532\u8266\uFF0C\u6210\u70BA\u5404\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u7684\u4E3B\u529B\uFF0C\u76F4\u81F3\u4E8C\u5341\u4E16\u7D00\u521D\u88AB\u7121\u754F\u8266\u6240\u53D6\u4EE3\u3002 \u524D\u7121\u754F\u8266\u4ECB\u4E8E\u9435\u7532\u8266\u548C\u7121\u754F\u8266\u4E4B\u95F4\u3002\u8F83\u9435\u7532\u8266\u589E\u52A0\u6392\u6C34\u91CF\u81F31\u4E07\u5428\u4EE5\u4E0A\uFF0C\u6807\u914D2\u81F34\u95E812\u5BF8\u5DE6\u53F3\u7684\u91CD\u578B\u706B\u70AE\u4E3A\u4E3B\u70AE\uFF0C\u4ECD\u5728\u8237\u4FA7\u914D\u6709\u5927\u91CF\u4E00\u7A2E\u4EE5\u4E0A\u4E2D\u53E3\u5F84\u706B\u70AE\u4E3A\u526F\u70AE\uFF1B\u6280\u672F\u4E0A\uFF0C\u56E0\u7535\u52A8\u6216\u6DB2\u538B\u7CFB\u7EDF\u7684\u666E\u53CA\uFF0C\u6C89\u91CD\u7684\u4E3B\u70AE\u5F97\u4EE5\u5B89\u88C5\u66F4\u6C89\u91CD\u7684\u5C01\u95ED\u5F0F\u88C5\u7532\u65CB\u8F6C\u70AE\u5854\uFF0C\u548C\u673A\u68B0\u8F85\u52A9\u88C5\u586B\uFF0C\u800C\u975E\u9435\u7532\u8266\u5305\u62EC\u64CD\u8235\u4ECD\u4F9D\u8D56\u4F17\u591A\u4EBA\u529B\u64CD\u4F5C\uFF1B\u8239\u4F53\u5B8C\u5168\u91C7\u7528\u94A2\u7ED3\u6784\uFF0C\u800C\u975E\u94A2\u6728\u6DF7\u5408\u7ED3\u6784\uFF1B\u52A8\u529B\u91C7\u7528\u71C3\u7164\u84B8\u6C7D\u6A5F\uFF0C\u800C\u975E\u673A\u5E06\u6DF7\u5408\u52A8\u529B\u3002\u8F83\u7121\u754F\u8266\uFF0C\u5219\u4E3B\u70AE\u6570\u91CF\u8F83\u5C11\uFF0C\u4ECD\u7C7B\u4F3C\u98CE\u5E06\u6218\u8230\u65F6\u4EE3\u4EE5\u63A5\u8237\u8FD1\u6218\u6218\u672F\u4E3A\u4E3B\u5BFC\u601D\u60F3\uFF0C\u800C\u975E\u7121\u754F\u8266\u4EE5\u8FDC\u8DDD\u79BB\u91CD\u70AE\u8DE8\u5C04\u4F5C\u6218\u4E3A\u4E3B\u8981\u4F5C\u6218\u624B\u6BB5\u3002 \u57281890\u5E74\u4EE3\uFF0C\u5404\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u958B\u59CB\u4EE5\u82F1\u570B\u4F5C\u70BA\u85CD\u672C\u5EFA\u9020\u65B0\u578B\u6230\u8266\u3002\u5178\u578B\u7684\u524D\u7121\u754F\u8266\u6F14\u8FDB\u8FC7\u7A0B\u7ECF\u5386\u4E86\u82F1\u56FD-->-->\u81F3\u6700\u540E\u7684\u8FC7\u7A0B\uFF0C\u968F\u540E\u8FDB\u5165\u7121\u754F\u8266\u65F6\u4EE3\u3002\u4E3B\u8981\u6280\u672F\u9769\u65B0\u96C6\u4E2D\u5728\u70AE\u5854\u4E0A\uFF1B\u4ECE\u5F00\u59CB\u7684\u56FA\u5B9A\u9732\u5929\u70AE\u53F0\u4EBA\u529B\u706B\u70AE\u65CB\u8F6C\uFF0C\u6F14\u5316\u81F3\u4E00\u4F53\u5316\u70AE\u5854\u673A\u68B0\u529B\u65CB\u8F6C\uFF1B\u4ECE\u68A8\u5F62\u70AE\u5EA7\uFF0C\u63D0\u5F39\u673A\u4F4D\u4E8E\u70AE\u5854\u5EA7\u5708\u4E4B\u5916\uFF0C\u6F14\u5316\u81F3\u70AE\u5854\u8F74\u5FC3\u63D0\u5F39\u673A\uFF0C\u5168\u65B9\u5411\u4F9B\u5F39\u3002\u5F53\u8FD9\u4E9B\u5343\u5947\u767E\u602A\u7684\u65B0\u6280\u672F\u5728\u5B9E\u6218\u7684\u5C1D\u8BD5\u4E2D\u7A33\u5B9A\u6210\u578B\u4E3A\u5404\u56FD\u91C7\u7528\u540E\uFF0C\u6700\u7EC8\u4FC3\u6210\u4E86\u7121\u754F\u578B\u6230\u5217\u8266\u7684\u8BDE\u751F\u3002 \u4EE5\u7FA9\u5927\u5229\u3001\u5FB7\u570B\u3001\u65E5\u672C\u548C\u7F8E\u570B\u7B49\u65B0\u8208\u6D77\u8ECD\u5F37\u570B\u4EE5\u524D\u7121\u754F\u8266\u70BA\u9AA8\u5E79\uFF0C\u5927\u529B\u64F4\u5145\u8266\u968A\u3002\u9762\u5C0D\u65B0\u8208\u529B\u91CF\u7684\u5A01\u8105\uFF0C\u82F1\u570B\u3001\u6CD5\u570B\u548C\u4FC4\u7F85\u65AF\u4EA6\u4EE5\u64F4\u5145\u8266\u968A\u4F5C\u70BA\u56DE\u61C9\u3002\u56E0\u6B64\uFF0C\u57281890\u5E74\u4EE3\uFF0C\u65B0\u5EFA\u6230\u8266\u6578\u91CF\u5927\u589E\uFF0C\u65B0\u6230\u8266\u7684\u5916\u8868\u4EA6\u5341\u5206\u76F8\u4F3C\u3002"@zh . . . . . "Predreadnought"@cs . . "Przeddrednot, predrednot (z ang. pre-dreadnought) \u2013 umowne okre\u015Blenie generacji okr\u0119t\u00F3w liniowych (pancernik\u00F3w) budowanych od lat 80. XIX wieku do I dekady XX wieku. Nazwa, nadana p\u00F3\u017Aniej, oznacza pancerniki poprzedzaj\u0105ce generacj\u0119 drednot\u00F3w."@pl . . . . "\u524D\u5F29\u7D1A\u6226\u8266\uFF08\u305C\u3093\u3069\u304D\u3085\u3046\u305B\u3093\u304B\u3093\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E: Pre-dreadnought battleship\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u6226\u8266\u306E\u521D\u671F\u306E\u5F62\u614B\u3092\u6307\u3057\u30011890\u5E74\u4EE3\u4E2D\u9803\u304B\u3089\u5EFA\u9020\u304C\u59CB\u307E\u308A\u3001\u5F29\u7D1A\u6226\u8266\u304C\u767B\u5834\u3057\u305F1906\u5E74\u307E\u3067\u306E\u671F\u9593\u306B\u5EFA\u9020\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002 1870-1880\u5E74\u4EE3\u306E\u88C5\u7532\u8266\u306B\u4EE3\u308F\u3063\u3066\u4E3B\u529B\u8266\u3068\u3057\u3066\u767B\u5834\u3057\u305F\u304C\u3001\u5F29\u7D1A\u6226\u8266\u306E\u767B\u5834\u306B\u3088\u308A\u305D\u306E\u5730\u4F4D\u3092\u8B72\u3063\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . "Pr\u00E9-dreadnought \u00E9 o termo geral para encoura\u00E7ados constru\u00EDdos entre 1890 e 1905, antes do HMS Dreadnought. Os navios de guerra pr\u00E9-dreadnoughts substitu\u00EDram os navios feitos de ferro, predominantes nas d\u00E9cadas de 1870 e 1880. Constru\u00EDdo em a\u00E7o, e protegido por uma armadura de a\u00E7o temperado, o t\u00EDpico pr\u00E9-dreadnought levava uma bateria principal de armas de calibre muito pesado em torres de artilharia suportadas por uma bateria secund\u00E1ria mais leve. Eles eram impulsionados por motores a vapor a carv\u00E3o de tripla expans\u00E3o. Em contraste com o desenvolvimento ca\u00F3tico dos navios feitos de ferro nas d\u00E9cadas anteriores, a d\u00E9cada de 1890 viu as marinhas armadas do mundo construindo navios de guerra de projetos similares, essencialmente seguindo o padr\u00E3o estabelecido pela Classe Majestic brit\u00E2nica. A semelhan\u00E7a nos navios de guerra na d\u00E9cada de 1890 foi ressaltada pelo aumento do n\u00FAmero de navios constru\u00EDdos. Novas pot\u00EAncias navais como Alemanha, Jap\u00E3o e Estados Unidos come\u00E7aram a estabelecer suas frotas pr\u00E9-dreadnought, enquanto marinhas como as da Gr\u00E3-Bretanha, Fran\u00E7a e R\u00FAssia se expandiram com elas para enfrentar estas novas amea\u00E7as. O confronto decisivo entre as frotas pr\u00E9-dreadnought ocorreu entre a Marinha Imperial Russa e a Marinha Imperial Japonesa durante a Batalha de Tsushima, em 27 de maio de 1905. Estas dezenas de navios de guerra foram repentinamente tornados obsoletos pelo aparecimento do HMS Dreadnought em 1906. O Dreadnought seguiu a tend\u00EAncia de adotar um projeto de artilharia de cano cheio, assim como o novo navio, que tinha um layout de 10 pe\u00E7as de 12\" (305 mm). Suas inovadoras m\u00E1quinas de turbinas a vapor tamb\u00E9m a tornaram mais r\u00E1pida. Os navios de guerra anteriores estavam desatualizados e marcados como pr\u00E9-dreadnought, enquanto os novos navios de guerra, que seguiam as diretrizes de projeto estabelecidas pelo novo navio, seriam conhecidos como dreadnought a partir de ent\u00E3o. Apesar disso, os navios de guerra pr\u00E9-dreadnought desempenharam um papel importante na Primeira Guerra Mundial, e algumas unidades participaram at\u00E9 mesmo da Segunda Guerra Mundial."@pt . . . . . . . . . "\uC804\uB178\uAE09\uD568 \uB610\uB294 \uC804\uB4DC\uB808\uB4DC\uB178\uD2B8\uAE09(\u524D\u5F29\u7D1A\u8266, Pre-dreadnought)\uC740 \uB4DC\uB808\uB4DC\uB178\uD2B8\uAE09 \uC804\uD568(\uB178\uAE09\uC804\uD568)\uC758 \uC804\uB2E8\uACC4\uB85C, 1890\uB144\uB300 \uC911\uBC18\uC5D0\uC11C 1905\uB144\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC81C\uC791\uB41C \uB300\uC591 \uD56D\uD574\uC6A9 \uC804\uD568\uC744 \uC758\uBBF8\uD55C\uB2E4.\uC804\uB178\uAE09 \uC804\uD568\uC740 1870\uB144\uB300, 1880\uB144\uB300\uC758 \uCCA0\uAC11\uD568\uC744 \uB300\uCCB4\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uAC15\uCCA0\uC744 \uC7AC\uB8CC\uB85C \uD558\uC5EC \uC7A5\uAC11\uC744 \uD45C\uBA74\uCC98\uB9AC\uD558\uC600\uACE0, \uC8FC\uC694 \uD654\uB825\uC73C\uB85C \uD3EC\uD0D1\uC5D0 \uC7A5\uCC29\uB41C \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uBB34\uAC70\uC6B4 \uB300\uD3EC\uB97C \uB354 \uB9CE\uC740 \uC218\uC758 \uBCF4\uC870 \uD654\uB825\uACFC \uD568\uAED8 \uD0D1\uC7AC\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uB3D9\uB825\uC740 \uC11D\uD0C4\uC744 \uC5F0\uB8CC\uB85C \uD558\uB294 \uC758 \uC99D\uAE30\uC5D4\uC9C4\uC744 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. 1890\uB144\uB300\uC758 \uAC01\uAD6D \uD574\uAD70\uC740 \uC774\uC804\uC758 \uCCA0\uAC11\uD568\uC5D0\uC11C\uC758 \uBB34\uC9C8\uC11C\uD55C \uD615\uD0DC\uC640\uB294 \uB2EC\uB9AC, \uACF5\uD1B5\uB41C \uC124\uACC4\uB85C \uC804\uD568\uC744 \uC124\uACC4\uD558\uAE30 \uC2DC\uC791\uD558\uC600\uB294\uB370, \uC218\uC2ED \uCC99\uC758 \uC804\uD568\uC774 \uC601\uAD6D\uC758 '\uBA38\uC81C\uC2A4\uD2F1'\uAE09(Majestic class)\uC758 \uC124\uACC4\uB97C \uB530\uB790\uB2E4. 1890\uB144\uB300\uC758 \uC720\uC0AC\uD55C \uC678\uD615\uC758 \uC804\uD568\uB4E4\uC740 \uADF8 \uAC74\uC870 \uB300\uC218\uAC00 \uB298\uC5B4\uB098\uBA74\uC11C \uC774 \uC2DC\uB300\uC758 \uD2B9\uC9D5\uC774 \uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC2E0\uD765 \uD574\uAD70 \uC138\uB825\uC778 \uB3C5\uC77C, \uC77C\uBCF8, \uBBF8\uAD6D \uB4F1\uC740 \uC804\uB178\uAE09 \uC804\uD568\uC758 \uD568\uB300\uB85C \uADF8\uB4E4\uC758 \uC785\uC9C0\uB97C \uAD73\uD788\uB824 \uD588\uC73C\uBA70, \uC601\uAD6D, \uD504\uB791\uC2A4, \uB7EC\uC2DC\uC544\uB294 \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uC704\uD611\uC5D0 \uB300\uCC98\uD558\uAE30 \uC704\uD574 \uD568\uB300\uB97C \uD655\uC7A5\uD588\uB2E4. \uC804\uB178\uAE09 \uC804\uD568\uC740 1904\uB144 ~ 1905\uB144 \uB7EC\uC77C \uC804\uC7C1\uC5D0\uC11C \uC11C\uB85C \uCDA9\uB3CC\uD558\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4. \uC774\uB4E4\uC740 1906\uB144\uC758 HMS \uB4DC\uB808\uB4DC\uB178\uD2B8\uD638\uC758 \uAC11\uC791\uC2A4\uB7EC\uC6B4 \uB4F1\uC7A5\uC73C\uB85C \uC77C\uC120\uC5D0\uC11C \uBB3C\uB7EC\uB098\uC57C \uD588\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uC81C1\uCC28 \uC138\uACC4\uB300\uC804, \uC81C2\uCC28 \uC138\uACC4\uB300\uC804\uC5D0\uC11C \uC911\uC694\uD55C \uC5ED\uD560\uC744 \uB2F4\uB2F9\uD558\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD558\uC600\uB2E4."@ko . . "Przeddrednot, predrednot (z ang. pre-dreadnought) \u2013 umowne okre\u015Blenie generacji okr\u0119t\u00F3w liniowych (pancernik\u00F3w) budowanych od lat 80. XIX wieku do I dekady XX wieku. Nazwa, nadana p\u00F3\u017Aniej, oznacza pancerniki poprzedzaj\u0105ce generacj\u0119 drednot\u00F3w."@pl . . "\u524D\u7121\u754F\u8266"@zh . . . . . . "\u041F\u0440\u0435-\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0443\u0442"@uk . . . . . "46006"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "\uC804\uB178\uAE09\uD568"@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Pr\u00E9-dreadnought"@fr . . . . . . . . "Pre-dreadnought battleships were sea-going battleships built between the mid- to late- 1880s and 1905, before the launch of HMS Dreadnought in 1906. The pre-dreadnought ships replaced the ironclad battleships of the 1870s and 1880s. Built from steel, protected by case-hardened steel armour, and powered by coal-fired triple-expansion steam engines, pre-dreadnought battleships carried a main battery of very heavy guns in fully enclosed rotating turrets supported by one or more secondary batteries of lighter weapons. In contrast to the multifarious development of ironclad warships in preceding decades, the 1890s saw navies worldwide start to build battleships to a common design as dozens of ships essentially followed the design of the Royal Navy's Majestic class. The similarity in appearance of battleships in the 1890s was underlined by the increasing number of ships being built. New naval powers such as Germany, Japan, the United States, and to a lesser extent Italy and Austria-Hungary, began to establish themselves with fleets of pre-dreadnoughts. Meanwhile, the battleship fleets of the United Kingdom, France, and Russia expanded to meet these new threats. The last decisive clash of pre-dreadnought fleets was between the Imperial Japanese Navy and the Imperial Russian Navy at the Battle of Tsushima on 27 May 1905. These battleships were abruptly made obsolete by the arrival of HMS Dreadnought in 1906. Dreadnought followed the trend in battleship design to heavier, longer-ranged guns by adopting an \"all-big-gun\" armament scheme of ten 12-inch guns. Her innovative steam turbine engines also made her faster. The existing pre-dreadnoughts were decisively outclassed, and new and more powerful battleships were from then on known as dreadnoughts. At the same time, the ships that had been laid down before were designated pre-dreadnoughts."@en . . . . . . . "Przeddrednot"@pl . "Der Begriff Einheitslinienschiff (englisch: pre-dreadnought battleship oder kurz pre-dreadnought, da vor einer Dreadnought genannten neuen Klasse von Kriegsschiffen gebaut) bezeichnet einen Typ von seegehenden Schlachtschiffen, der zwischen den fr\u00FChen 1890er Jahren und 1905 vorherrschte. Die Bezeichnung Linienschiff entstand dadurch, dass diese Schiffe im Gefecht hintereinander in Kiellinie fuhren. Einheitslinienschiffe ersetzten die Panzerschiffe der 1870er und 1880er Jahre. Die neueren Schlachtschiffe trugen eine Batterie schwerer Gesch\u00FCtze in T\u00FCrmen sowie eine oder mehrere Batterien leichterer Gesch\u00FCtze. Sie wurden von kohlegefeuerten Dreifach-Verbunddampfmaschinen angetrieben, waren aus Stahl gebaut und durch eine Panzerung aus geh\u00E4rtetem Stahl gesch\u00FCtzt."@de . . . "\u00AB Pr\u00E9-dreadnought \u00BB est le terme utilis\u00E9 pour d\u00E9signer les cuirass\u00E9s construits entre le milieu des ann\u00E9es 1890 et 1905 pour remplacer les premiers cuirass\u00E9s des ann\u00E9es 1870-1880. Construits en acier et prot\u00E9g\u00E9s par un blindage en acier renforc\u00E9, les cuirass\u00E9s pr\u00E9-dreadnought embarquaient deux calibres d'artillerie : l'artillerie principale compos\u00E9e de pi\u00E8ces de gros calibre en tourelles et l'artillerie secondaire d'un calibre plus faible sous tourelles \u00E9galement mais aussi en casemates de chaque c\u00F4t\u00E9 de la coque. Ils \u00E9taient propuls\u00E9s par une machine \u00E0 vapeur \u00E0 triple expansion chauffant au charbon."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kapal tempur pra-Dreadnought adalah kapal tempur generasi sebelum HMS Dreadnought diluncurkan oleh Inggris sekitar tahun 1906. Dijadikannya HMS Dreadnought sebagai patokan pada masa itu karena kapal tersebut mencerminkan perubahan pada rancang bangun, konfigurasi senjata dan lain lain yang berbeda pada masa kapal sebelumnya. Pada masa itu, sebagaimana masa sekarang diperlukan eksperimen untuk memperoleh kapal perang terbaik."@in . . "Pre-dreadnought \u00E4r den allm\u00E4nna termen f\u00F6r alla typer av havsg\u00E5ende slagskepp som byggdes mellan mitten av 1890-talet och 1905. Pre-dreadnoughts ersatte pansarkl\u00E4dda krigsfartyg fr\u00E5n 1870- och 1880-talet. Pre-dreadnoughts var byggda av st\u00E5l och skyddades av h\u00E4rdat st\u00E5lpansar och dess huvudbatteri bestod av mycket tunga artilleripj\u00E4ser i kanontorn st\u00F6dda av en eller flera sekund\u00E4ra batterier av l\u00E4ttare vapen. De drevs av koldrivna \u00E5ngmaskiner med trippelexpansion. I motsats till den kaotiska utvecklingen av pansarkl\u00E4dda krigsfartyg under de f\u00F6reg\u00E5ende \u00E5rtiondena b\u00F6rjade 1890-talet flottor v\u00E4rlden \u00F6ver att b\u00F6rja bygga slagskepp av en gemensam design d\u00E5 dussintals fartyg i hela v\u00E4rlden i huvudsak f\u00F6ljt utformningen av den brittiska . Likheten i utseendet av slagskepp p\u00E5 1890-talet understr\u00F6ks av det \u00F6kande antalet fartyg som byggdes. Nya marina stormakter som Tyskland, Japan och USA b\u00F6rjade att etablera sig med flottor av pre-dreadnoughts, medan Storbritanniens, Frankrikes och Rysslands flottor ut\u00F6kades f\u00F6r att m\u00F6ta dessa nya hot. Den avg\u00F6rande sammandrabbningen mellan pre-dreadnoughtflottor skulle utk\u00E4mpas mellan ryssar och japaner under slaget vid Tsushima den 27 maj 1905. Dessa dussintal slagskepp hade pl\u00F6tsligt blivit f\u00F6rlegade genom ankomsten av HMS Dreadnought \u00E5r 1906. Dreadnought satte trenden i slagskeppets design genom ett tyngre artillerisystem med st\u00F6rre r\u00E4ckvidd som bestod av tio 305 mm kanoner. Hennes innovativa \u00E5ngturbiner gjorde henne ocks\u00E5 snabbare. De befintliga pre-dreadnoughts var best\u00E4mt utklassade. De nya slagskeppen var fr\u00E5n och med d\u00E5 k\u00E4nda som dreadnoughts medan fartyg som sj\u00F6sattes tidigare betecknades som pre-dreadnoughts. Trots sitt f\u00F6r\u00E5ldrade spelade pre-dreadnought en viktig roll i f\u00F6rsta v\u00E4rldskriget och det fanns till och med s\u00E5dana som tj\u00E4nstgjorde under andra v\u00E4rldskriget."@sv . . . . . . . . . "\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062C \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062A"@ar . . . . . . . . "Pr\u00E9-dreadnought \u00E9 o termo geral para encoura\u00E7ados constru\u00EDdos entre 1890 e 1905, antes do HMS Dreadnought. Os navios de guerra pr\u00E9-dreadnoughts substitu\u00EDram os navios feitos de ferro, predominantes nas d\u00E9cadas de 1870 e 1880. Constru\u00EDdo em a\u00E7o, e protegido por uma armadura de a\u00E7o temperado, o t\u00EDpico pr\u00E9-dreadnought levava uma bateria principal de armas de calibre muito pesado em torres de artilharia suportadas por uma bateria secund\u00E1ria mais leve. Eles eram impulsionados por motores a vapor a carv\u00E3o de tripla expans\u00E3o."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Predreadnought (pou\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 se tak\u00E9 term\u00EDn \u0159adov\u00E1 lo\u010F) je ozna\u010Den\u00ED pro bitevn\u00ED lod\u011B zav\u00E1d\u011Bn\u00E9 do slu\u017Eby p\u0159ibli\u017En\u011B mezi lety 1890 a 1906 (dokon\u010Den\u00ED bitevn\u00ED lod\u011B HMS Dreadnought, kter\u00E1 znamenala z\u00E1sadn\u00ED p\u0159elom v lodn\u00ED konstrukci). Hlavn\u00EDmi nev\u00FDhodami oproti pozd\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDm dreadnought\u016Fm se u star\u0161\u00EDch lod\u00ED uk\u00E1zala slab\u0161\u00ED v\u00FDzbroj hlavn\u00EDch d\u011Bl a men\u0161\u00ED rychlost. Predreadnoughty byly poh\u00E1n\u011Bny nej\u010Dast\u011Bji 2 v\u00EDcev\u00E1lcov\u00FDmi parn\u00EDmi stroji, kter\u00E9 jim umo\u017E\u0148ovaly dos\u00E1hnout rychlosti 16\u201318 uzl\u016F. Plachty ji\u017E tyto lod\u011B nenesly, st\u011B\u017En\u011B byly vyu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1ny pro signalizaci, pozorov\u00E1n\u00ED a \u010Dasto i um\u00EDst\u011Bn\u00ED lehk\u00FDch d\u011Bl."@cs . . "Pre-dreadnought battleship"@en . . . . . . "Der Begriff Einheitslinienschiff (englisch: pre-dreadnought battleship oder kurz pre-dreadnought, da vor einer Dreadnought genannten neuen Klasse von Kriegsschiffen gebaut) bezeichnet einen Typ von seegehenden Schlachtschiffen, der zwischen den fr\u00FChen 1890er Jahren und 1905 vorherrschte. Die Bezeichnung Linienschiff entstand dadurch, dass diese Schiffe im Gefecht hintereinander in Kiellinie fuhren. Einheitslinienschiffe ersetzten die Panzerschiffe der 1870er und 1880er Jahre. Die neueren Schlachtschiffe trugen eine Batterie schwerer Gesch\u00FCtze in T\u00FCrmen sowie eine oder mehrere Batterien leichterer Gesch\u00FCtze. Sie wurden von kohlegefeuerten Dreifach-Verbunddampfmaschinen angetrieben, waren aus Stahl gebaut und durch eine Panzerung aus geh\u00E4rtetem Stahl gesch\u00FCtzt. Im Gegensatz zur chaotischen Entwicklung der Panzerschiffe in den vorhergehenden Jahrzehnten begannen die Seestreitkr\u00E4fte in den 1890er Jahren weltweit mit dem Bau von Schlachtschiffen nach einem prinzipiell einheitlichen Entwurf, der im Wesentlichen dem Konzept der britischen Majestic\u2013Klasse folgte. Die grunds\u00E4tzliche \u00C4hnlichkeit der Entw\u00FCrfe wurde mit der zunehmenden Anzahl der gebauten Schiffe noch unterstrichen. Neue Seem\u00E4chte wie Deutschland, Japan oder die Vereinigten Staaten begannen den Aufbau von Schlachtschiffflotten, w\u00E4hrend bestehende Seem\u00E4chte wie Frankreich, Russland oder Gro\u00DFbritannien ihre Flotten erweiterten, um dieser Herausforderung zu begegnen. Das bedeutendste Aufeinandertreffen zwischen Einheitslinienschiffen fand am 27. Mai 1905 in der Seeschlacht bei Tsushima statt."@de . . . . . "Pre-dreadnought"@sv . . . . . . . . . . "\u041F\u0440\u0435-\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0443\u0442\u0438 (\u0430\u0431\u043E \u0434\u043E\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0443\u0442\u0438) \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0456 \u043B\u0456\u043D\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0456 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043B\u0456, \u043F\u043E\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0456 \u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043E\u0434 \u0437 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0438 1880-\u0445 \u0434\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043A\u0443 20 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F, \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0440\u043E\u043C \u043F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u043F\u043E\u044F\u0432\u0438 HMS Dreadnought. \u0423 \u0440\u043E\u0441\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0439 \u043B\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u0446\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0435\u0442\u0430\u043F\u0443 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043A\u0443 \u043B\u0456\u043D\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043B\u0456\u0432 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \"\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0446\u044F\u043C\u0438\". \u041F\u0440\u0435-\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0456 \u0431\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0446\u0456 1870-\u0445 \u0456 1880-\u0445 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0456\u0432. \u041F\u043E\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0456 \u0456\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0456 \u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u044E \u0431\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0435\u044E, \u043F\u0440\u0435-\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043C\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0443 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u044E \u0437 \u0434\u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0442 \u043D\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0431\u0435\u0442\u0456 (\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0437 \u0431\u0440\u043E\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0443\u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044F\u043C\u0438), \u044F\u043A\u0443 \u0434\u043E\u043F\u043E\u0432\u043D\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u043C\u0435\u043D\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0431\u0440\u0456\u0432. \u0412\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u0443 \u0440\u0443\u0445 \u0432\u0443\u0433\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0443\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F. \u041D\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0445\u0430\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043A\u0443 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0456\u0432, \u0443 1890-\u0445 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u043E \u0432\u0441\u044C\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0443 \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043B\u0456\u043D\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0456\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u0424\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044F\u0442\u043A\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043B\u0456\u0432 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0446\u0456\u044E \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0438\u043F\u0443 Majestic \u0417\u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044C \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043B\u0456\u043D\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043B\u0456\u0432. \u041D\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E-\u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0456 \u044F\u043A \u041D\u0456\u043C\u0435\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0430, \u042F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0456\u044F, \u0421\u0428\u0410, \u0456 \u2013 \u0432 \u043C\u0435\u043D\u0448\u043E\u044E \u043C\u0456\u0440\u043E\u044E \u2013 \u0406\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0456\u044F \u0442\u0430 \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E-\u0423\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0449\u0438\u043D\u0430, \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u044E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0435-\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0443\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u0432 \u0442\u043E\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u044F\u043A \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E-\u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0457, \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0420\u043E\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u044F\u043A \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0456\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u043D\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u043E\u0437\u0438. \u0412\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0448\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u044E \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0432\u043E\u044E \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u043D\u0430\u0432\u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0435-\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0443\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0426\u0443\u0441\u0456\u043C\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 27 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043D\u044F 1905. \u0426\u0456 \u043B\u0456\u043D\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u043F\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E \u0432\u0438\u044F\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0456\u043B\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043F\u043E\u044F\u0432\u0443 HMS Dreadnought \u0432 1906 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456. \u0414\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0443\u0442 \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0441\u044F \u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0456\u0445 \u043A\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0431\u0440\u0456\u0432, \u043D\u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043E\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0443\u0436\u043D\u0443 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u044E \u0437 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044F\u0442\u0438 12-\u0434\u044E\u0439\u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0442. \u0419\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0456\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0443\u043D - \u043F\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0431\u0456\u043D\u0430 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\u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0443 \u0445\u043E\u0434\u0456 \u0431\u043E\u0439\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0456\u0439 \u043E\u0431\u043C\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043E."@uk . "Pre-dreadnought \u00E4r den allm\u00E4nna termen f\u00F6r alla typer av havsg\u00E5ende slagskepp som byggdes mellan mitten av 1890-talet och 1905. Pre-dreadnoughts ersatte pansarkl\u00E4dda krigsfartyg fr\u00E5n 1870- och 1880-talet. Pre-dreadnoughts var byggda av st\u00E5l och skyddades av h\u00E4rdat st\u00E5lpansar och dess huvudbatteri bestod av mycket tunga artilleripj\u00E4ser i kanontorn st\u00F6dda av en eller flera sekund\u00E4ra batterier av l\u00E4ttare vapen. De drevs av koldrivna \u00E5ngmaskiner med trippelexpansion."@sv . "\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062C \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062C \u062A\u062C\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062D\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u064A\u062A \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062A\u0635\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062E\u0631 \u062B\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u06481905\u060C \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062C\u0629 \u0625\u062A\u0634 \u0625\u0645 \u0625\u0633 \u062F\u0631\u064A\u062F\u0646\u0648\u062A. \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0628\u062F\u0644\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062C \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644-\u062F\u0631\u064A\u062F\u0646\u0648\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0633\u0628\u0639\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0648\u062B\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631. \u0628\u0646\u064A\u062A \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062A\u0645 \u062D\u0645\u0627\u064A\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062F\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062A\u0633\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062F\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060C \u062D\u0645\u0644\u062A \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062C \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062F\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u062B\u0642\u064A\u0644\u0629 \u062C\u062F\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u064A (\u0645\u0641\u062A\u0648\u062D\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062F\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u062D\u0635\u0646\u0629) \u0628\u062F\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u062B\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062D\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u062A\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062D\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062A \u0628\u062E\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062D\u0645."@ar . . . . . . . "Einheitslinienschiff"@de . . . . . . "\u0414\u043E\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0443\u0442, \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043B\u0438\u043D\u043A\u043E\u0440 \u0434\u043E\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0443\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u0438\u043F\u0430 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Pre-dreadnought battleship) \u2014 \u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043B\u0438\u043D\u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432, \u0432\u044B\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044F \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u044F\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0443\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0432\u043E \u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0435 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044F\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044F XX \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430, \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043E \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0438\u044E \u0432 \u043C\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043C \u043A\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043B\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438."@ru . . . .