. . . . . . . . . . . "\u30F4\u30A1\u30F3\u30AC\u30FC\u30C9\u8A08\u753B"@ja . . . . "Progetto Vanguard"@it . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30F4\u30A1\u30F3\u30AC\u30FC\u30C9\u8A08\u753B\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E: Project Vanguard\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u6D77\u8ECD\u306E\u521D\u671F\u306E\u5B87\u5B99\u8A08\u753B\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u521D\u306E\u4EBA\u5DE5\u885B\u661F\u6253\u3061\u4E0A\u3052\u3092\u8A66\u307F\u305F\u304C\u521D\u56DE\u306E\u6253\u3061\u4E0A\u3052\u304C\u5931\u6557\u306B\u7D42\u308F\u3063\u305F\u305F\u3081\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u9678\u8ECD\u5F3E\u9053\u30DF\u30B5\u30A4\u30EB\u5C40(ABMA)\u306B\u5148\u3092\u8D8A\u3055\u308C\u3001\u7D50\u679C\u7684\u306B\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u30672\u756A\u76EE\u306E\u4EBA\u5DE5\u885B\u661F\u3092\u6253\u3061\u4E0A\u3052\u305F\u3002"@ja . "\u0410\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0434 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Vanguard) \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043A\u0442 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043B\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 (Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)) \u043F\u043E \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0443\u0441\u043A\u0443 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432 \u043C\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043F\u0443\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u043C\u043B\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0432\u044B\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u043A\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u00AB\u0410\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0434\u00BB."@ru . "Il Progetto Vanguard \u00E8 stato un programma spaziale gestito dal Laboratorio di ricerca navale degli Stati Uniti d'America (NRL), avente lo scopo di mettere in orbita il primo satellite artificiale nella storia dell'uomo utilizzando come vettore un razzo Vanguard lanciato dalla base di lancio di Canaveral, in Florida. Dato che lo Sputnik 1, lo Sputnik 2 e l'Explorer 1 si sono disintegrati effettuando il loro rientro in atmosfera, il Vanguard 1 e lo stadio superiore del suo razzo vettore sono a tutt'oggi i satelliti artificiali in orbita da pi\u00F9 tempo."@it . "Project Vanguard"@en . "Vanguard (dt. \u201EVorhut\u201C) war ein Projekt der zivilen Forschungseinrichtung Naval Research Laboratory der United States Navy, mit dem Ziel, den ersten amerikanischen Satelliten in eine Erdumlaufbahn zu bringen. Dieses Ziel wurde aus verschiedenen Gr\u00FCnden nicht erreicht. Die Bezeichnung Vanguard wurde dabei f\u00FCr die Tr\u00E4gerrakete (Test Vehicle, K\u00FCrzel TV-x, wobei das x f\u00FCr die Startnummer stand) und auch die drei erfolgreichen Satelliten verwendet."@de . . . . "Program Vanguard"@pl . "Project Vanguard was a program managed by the United States Navy Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), which intended to launch the first artificial satellite into low Earth orbit using a Vanguard rocket. as the launch vehicle from Cape Canaveral Missile Annex, Florida. In response to the launch of Sputnik 1 on 4 October 1957, the U.S. restarted the Explorer program, which had been proposed earlier by the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA). Privately, however, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and President Dwight D. Eisenhower were aware of progress being made by the Soviets on Sputnik from secret spy plane imagery. Together with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), ABMA built Explorer 1 and launched it on 1 February 1958 (UTC). Before work was completed, however, the Soviet Union launched a second satellite, Sputnik 2, on 3 November 1957. Meanwhile, the spectacular televised failure of Vanguard TV3 on 6 December 1957, deepened American dismay over the country's position in the Space Race. On 17 March 1958, Vanguard 1 became the second artificial satellite successfully placed in a low Earth orbit by the United States. It was the first solar-powered satellite. Just 15.2 cm (6.0 in) in diameter and weighing 1.4 kg (3.1 lb), Vanguard 1 was described by then-Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev as, \"The grapefruit satellite\". Vanguard 1, and the upper stage of its launch vehicle, are the oldest artificial satellites still in space, as Vanguard's predecessors, Sputnik 1, Sputnik 2, and Explorer 1, have decayed from orbit."@en . "\u30F4\u30A1\u30F3\u30AC\u30FC\u30C9\u8A08\u753B\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E: Project Vanguard\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u6D77\u8ECD\u306E\u521D\u671F\u306E\u5B87\u5B99\u8A08\u753B\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u521D\u306E\u4EBA\u5DE5\u885B\u661F\u6253\u3061\u4E0A\u3052\u3092\u8A66\u307F\u305F\u304C\u521D\u56DE\u306E\u6253\u3061\u4E0A\u3052\u304C\u5931\u6557\u306B\u7D42\u308F\u3063\u305F\u305F\u3081\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u9678\u8ECD\u5F3E\u9053\u30DF\u30B5\u30A4\u30EB\u5C40(ABMA)\u306B\u5148\u3092\u8D8A\u3055\u308C\u3001\u7D50\u679C\u7684\u306B\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u30672\u756A\u76EE\u306E\u4EBA\u5DE5\u885B\u661F\u3092\u6253\u3061\u4E0A\u3052\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . "Vanguard est un petit lanceur am\u00E9ricain d\u00E9velopp\u00E9 par le Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) dont l'objectif \u00E9tait de placer en orbite le premier satellite artificiel. La mise au point du lanceur est difficile avec 9 \u00E9checs sur 12 tirs entre 1956 et 1959 et Vanguard ne r\u00E9ussit pas \u00E0 atteindre son objectif. Les responsables am\u00E9ricains d\u00E9cident finalement de confier la mise en orbite du premier satellite am\u00E9ricain Explorer 1 au lanceur Juno I le 1er f\u00E9vrier 1958. Le premier \u00E9tage est d\u00E9riv\u00E9 de la fus\u00E9e-sonde Viking tandis que le second \u00E9tage provient de la fus\u00E9e-sonde Aerobee. Bien que n'ayant pas rempli son but initial le programme permet la mise au point de plusieurs technologies cl\u00E9 et les \u00E9tages d\u00E9velopp\u00E9s seront r\u00E9utilis\u00E9s par la suite par plusieurs lanceurs."@fr . . . "\u0412\u0435\u043D\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0434 \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043A\u0442 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0446\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u043B\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E-\u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442\u0443 (Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)) \u0456\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0443\u0441\u043A\u0443 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0456 \u0448\u0442\u0443\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0443\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0417\u0435\u043C\u043B\u0456, \u0437 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0440\u0431\u0456\u0442\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u043A\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u00AB\u0412\u0435\u043D\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0434\u00BB."@uk . . . . "Vanguard \u2013 seria badawczych sztucznych satelit\u00F3w Ziemi, kt\u00F3re mia\u0142y by\u0107 pierwszymi ameryka\u0144skimi obiektami tego typu. Mia\u0142y by\u0107 wprowadzone na orbit\u0119 oko\u0142oziemsk\u0105 w ramach Mi\u0119dzynarodowego Roku Geofizycznego 1957\u20131958."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . "Program Vanguard"@cs . . "Vanguard-Projekt"@de . . . "Programme Vanguard"@fr . "Proyek Vanguard"@in . "\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062C \u0641\u0627\u0646\u063A\u0627\u0631\u062F"@ar . "Programa Vanguard"@ca . . . . . . . . . . "\u0410\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0434 (\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043A\u0442)"@ru . . . . . . . "O Projeto Vanguard, foi um programa espacial, conduzido pelos Estados Unidos, atrav\u00E9s do Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), cuja inten\u00E7\u00E3o era lan\u00E7ar o primeiro sat\u00E9lite em \u00F3rbita do Mundo, usando um foguete Vanguard como ve\u00EDculo lan\u00E7ador a partir da Esta\u00E7\u00E3o da For\u00E7a A\u00E9rea de Cabo Canaveral, Fl\u00F3rida."@pt . . "Proyek Vanguard adalah sebuah program yang dikelola oleh United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), yang dimaksudkan untuk meluncurkan satelit buatan pertama ke orbit Bumi dengan menggunakan roket Vanguard sebagai kendaraan peluncuran dari Cape Canaveral Missile Annex, Florida. Vanguard 1 adalah satelit buatan tertua yang masih di ruang angkasa, seperti pendahulu Vanguard itu, Sputnik 1, Sputnik 2, dan Explorer 1, yang telah jatuh ke bawah."@in . . . . . . . . . . "El Projecte Vanguard va ser un programa gestionat per la (NRL) dels Estats Units, que pretenia posar en marxa el primer sat\u00E8l\u00B7lit artificial en \u00F2rbita terrestre utilitzant un coet Vanguard com a vehicle de llan\u00E7ament de Cape Canaveral Missile Annex, Florida. El Vanguard 1 \u00E9s el sat\u00E8l\u00B7lit artifical m\u00E9s antic encara en \u00F2rbita, ja que els precursors del Vanguard, el Sputnik 1, Sputnik 2, i Explorer 1, van ser desorbitats."@ca . . . . . "El Projecte Vanguard va ser un programa gestionat per la (NRL) dels Estats Units, que pretenia posar en marxa el primer sat\u00E8l\u00B7lit artificial en \u00F2rbita terrestre utilitzant un coet Vanguard com a vehicle de llan\u00E7ament de Cape Canaveral Missile Annex, Florida. En resposta al llan\u00E7ament sorpresa del Sp\u00FAtnik 1 el 4 d'octubre de 1957, el govern americ\u00E0 va fer reiniciar el programa Explorer, que havia estat proposat originalment per la (ABMA). De manera privada, no obstant aix\u00F2, la CIA i el President Dwight D. Eisenhower estaven al corrent dels progressos realitzats pel sovi\u00E8tics en l'Sp\u00FAtnik a partir d'imatges d'un avi\u00F3 espia secret. Conjuntament amb la Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), l'ABMA va construir el Explorer 1 en 84 dies i el va llan\u00E7ar el 31 de gener de 1958. Per\u00F2 abans de finalitzar el treball, la Uni\u00F3 Sovi\u00E8tica va llan\u00E7ar un segon sat\u00E8l\u00B7lit, el Sp\u00FAtnik 2, el 3 de novembre de 1957. Mentrestant, l'espectacular frac\u00E0s gravat en televisi\u00F3 del Vanguard TV3 el 6 de desembre de 1957 va aprofundir la consternaci\u00F3 nord-americana sobre la seva posici\u00F3 en la cursa espacial. El 17 de mar\u00E7 de 1958, el Vanguard 1 va esdevenir el segon sat\u00E8l\u00B7lit artificial llan\u00E7at amb \u00E8xit i situat en \u00F2rbita terrestre pels Estats Units. Va ser el primer sat\u00E8l\u00B7lit solar. Nom\u00E9s feia 152 mm de di\u00E0metre i un pes d'1,4 kg, el Vanguard 1 va ser descrit pel llavors President del Consell de Ministres de l'URSS, Nikita Khrusxov com, \"el sat\u00E8l\u00B7lit aranja\". El Vanguard 1 \u00E9s el sat\u00E8l\u00B7lit artifical m\u00E9s antic encara en \u00F2rbita, ja que els precursors del Vanguard, el Sputnik 1, Sputnik 2, i Explorer 1, van ser desorbitats."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0410\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0434 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Vanguard) \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043A\u0442 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043B\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 (Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)) \u043F\u043E \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0443\u0441\u043A\u0443 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432 \u043C\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043F\u0443\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u043C\u043B\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0432\u044B\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u043A\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u00AB\u0410\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0434\u00BB."@ru . . "Vanguard (dt. \u201EVorhut\u201C) war ein Projekt der zivilen Forschungseinrichtung Naval Research Laboratory der United States Navy, mit dem Ziel, den ersten amerikanischen Satelliten in eine Erdumlaufbahn zu bringen. Dieses Ziel wurde aus verschiedenen Gr\u00FCnden nicht erreicht. Die Bezeichnung Vanguard wurde dabei f\u00FCr die Tr\u00E4gerrakete (Test Vehicle, K\u00FCrzel TV-x, wobei das x f\u00FCr die Startnummer stand) und auch die drei erfolgreichen Satelliten verwendet."@de . "1099782041"^^ . "\u041F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0430 \u00AB\u0412\u0435\u043D\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0434\u00BB"@uk . "Program Vanguard byl projekt Spojen\u00FDch st\u00E1t\u016F americk\u00FDch na vypu\u0161t\u011Bn\u00ED prvn\u00ED um\u011Bl\u00E9 dru\u017Eice Zem\u011B v roce 1957. Program se kv\u016Fli opakovan\u00FDm hav\u00E1ri\u00EDm raket zpozdil o rok. Do vesm\u00EDru odlet\u011Bly t\u0159i dru\u017Eice tohoto jm\u00E9na a\u017E po sov\u011Btsk\u00E9m Sputniku."@cs . . . "Project Vanguard was a program managed by the United States Navy Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), which intended to launch the first artificial satellite into low Earth orbit using a Vanguard rocket. as the launch vehicle from Cape Canaveral Missile Annex, Florida."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0412\u0435\u043D\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0434 \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043A\u0442 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0446\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u043B\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E-\u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442\u0443 (Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)) \u0456\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0443\u0441\u043A\u0443 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0456 \u0448\u0442\u0443\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0443\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0417\u0435\u043C\u043B\u0456, \u0437 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0440\u0431\u0456\u0442\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u043A\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u00AB\u0412\u0435\u043D\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0434\u00BB."@uk . "Proyek Vanguard adalah sebuah program yang dikelola oleh United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), yang dimaksudkan untuk meluncurkan satelit buatan pertama ke orbit Bumi dengan menggunakan roket Vanguard sebagai kendaraan peluncuran dari Cape Canaveral Missile Annex, Florida. Menanggapi peluncuran mengejutkan Sputnik 1 pada tanggal 4 Oktober 1957, AS merestart program Explorer, yang telah diusulkan sebelumnya oleh Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA). Secara pribadi, CIA dan Presiden Dwight D. Eisenhower menyadari kemajuan yang dibuat oleh Soviet pada pesawat mata-mata rahasia citra Sputnik. Bersama dengan Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), ABMA membangun Explorer 1 dan diluncurkan pada 31 Januari 1958. Sebelum pekerjaan selesai, Uni Soviet meluncurkan satelit kedua, Sputnik 2, pada tanggal 3 November 1957. Sementara itu, kegagalan televisi spektakuler Vanguard TV3 pada 6 Desember 1957 memperdalam kecemasan Amerika atas posisi negara dalam Space Race. Pada tanggal 17 Maret 1958, Vanguard 1 menjadi satelit buatan kedua berhasil ditempatkan di orbit Bumi oleh Amerika Serikat. Satelit itu adalah satelit bertenaga surya pertama. Hanya 152 mm (6 in) dengan diameter dan berat hanya 1,4 kg (3 lb), Vanguard 1 digambarkan oleh lalu- Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev sebagai, \" The satelit jeruk\". Vanguard 1 adalah satelit buatan tertua yang masih di ruang angkasa, seperti pendahulu Vanguard itu, Sputnik 1, Sputnik 2, dan Explorer 1, yang telah jatuh ke bawah."@in . . . "\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062C \u0641\u0627\u0646\u063A\u0627\u0631\u062F \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u063A\u0627\u0631\u062F Project Vanguard \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0639\u0646\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064A\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062F\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u062D\u062A \u0625\u062F\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u062D\u0627\u062B \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062D\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u0647\u062F\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062F\u0627\u0631 \u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062E \u0641\u0627\u0646\u063A\u0627\u0631\u062F \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062C \u0641\u0627\u0646\u063A\u0627\u0631\u062F \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062C \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0643\u0634\u0641\u064A\u0646 \u0631\u062F\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062C\u0626 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u062A\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0648\u062A\u0646\u064A\u0643 1 \u0641\u064A 4 \u0623\u0643\u062A\u0648\u0628\u0631 1957 \u0641\u064A 17 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1958. \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062D \u0641\u0627\u0646\u063A\u0627\u0631\u062F 1 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062A\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 VANGUARD \u0646\u062C\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062C \u0641\u064A \u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u062D\u062F\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062D\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062C\u062D\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u063A\u0627\u0631\u062F 1 \u0648 2 \u0648 3"@ar . . . . . . . . "Projeto Vanguard"@pt . "Vanguard est un petit lanceur am\u00E9ricain d\u00E9velopp\u00E9 par le Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) dont l'objectif \u00E9tait de placer en orbite le premier satellite artificiel. La mise au point du lanceur est difficile avec 9 \u00E9checs sur 12 tirs entre 1956 et 1959 et Vanguard ne r\u00E9ussit pas \u00E0 atteindre son objectif. Les responsables am\u00E9ricains d\u00E9cident finalement de confier la mise en orbite du premier satellite am\u00E9ricain Explorer 1 au lanceur Juno I le 1er f\u00E9vrier 1958. Le premier \u00E9tage est d\u00E9riv\u00E9 de la fus\u00E9e-sonde Viking tandis que le second \u00E9tage provient de la fus\u00E9e-sonde Aerobee. Bien que n'ayant pas rempli son but initial le programme permet la mise au point de plusieurs technologies cl\u00E9 et les \u00E9tages d\u00E9velopp\u00E9s seront r\u00E9utilis\u00E9s par la suite par plusieurs lanceurs."@fr . "Program Vanguard byl projekt Spojen\u00FDch st\u00E1t\u016F americk\u00FDch na vypu\u0161t\u011Bn\u00ED prvn\u00ED um\u011Bl\u00E9 dru\u017Eice Zem\u011B v roce 1957. Program se kv\u016Fli opakovan\u00FDm hav\u00E1ri\u00EDm raket zpozdil o rok. Do vesm\u00EDru odlet\u011Bly t\u0159i dru\u017Eice tohoto jm\u00E9na a\u017E po sov\u011Btsk\u00E9m Sputniku."@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Vanguard \u2013 seria badawczych sztucznych satelit\u00F3w Ziemi, kt\u00F3re mia\u0142y by\u0107 pierwszymi ameryka\u0144skimi obiektami tego typu. Mia\u0142y by\u0107 wprowadzone na orbit\u0119 oko\u0142oziemsk\u0105 w ramach Mi\u0119dzynarodowego Roku Geofizycznego 1957\u20131958. 29 lipca 1955 roku administracja Eisenhowera og\u0142osi\u0142a, \u017Ce Stany Zjednoczone wystrzel\u0105 przeznaczonego do bada\u0144 naukowych satelit\u0119 Vanguard w ramach MRG. Dwight Eisenhower uwa\u017Ca\u0142, \u017Ce satelita umieszczony w ramach tego programu umocni polityk\u0119 \u201Eotwartego nieba\u201D i przypuszczalnie wzbudzi mniejsze obawy Nikity Chruszczowa ni\u017C satelita sponsorowany przez trzy rodzaje si\u0142 zbrojnych. W ko\u0144cu sami Sowieci te\u017C zamierzali wystrzeli\u0107 satelit\u0119 w ramach MRG. W ten spos\u00F3b projekt nazwany Vanguard (Awangarda) \u2013 nazwa okaza\u0142a si\u0119 do\u015B\u0107 niefortunna \u2013 mia\u0142 umie\u015Bci\u0107 ameryka\u0144skiego satelit\u0119 na orbicie oko\u0142oziemskiej. Oparty na rakiecie zbudowanej przez , lecz pod egid\u0105 , stanowi\u0142 przedsi\u0119wzi\u0119cie bardzo ryzykowne, gdy\u017C wymaga\u0142 zasadniczych modyfikacji pierwszego i drugiego cz\u0142onu jak i ca\u0142kowicie nowego trzeciego cz\u0142onu. Wed\u0142ug pierwotnego planu satelita programu Vanguard mia\u0142 mie\u0107 kszta\u0142t kuli o \u015Brednicy 58 centymetr\u00F3w i mas\u0119 oko\u0142o 9,5 kilogram\u00F3w. Jednak pod wp\u0142ywem osi\u0105gni\u0119\u0107 Zwi\u0105zku Radzieckiego, program prac zosta\u0142 przyspieszony i skr\u00F3cono wcze\u015Bniejsze terminy. Satelit\u0119 zbudowano wed\u0142ug nowego projektu w postaci kuli o \u015Brednicy oko\u0142o 16 centymetr\u00F3w i masie oko\u0142o 1,5 kilograma. Aparatur\u0119 stanowi\u0142y dwa nadajniki radiowe. Jeden z nich by\u0142 zasilany akumulatorem, a drugi bateri\u0105 s\u0142oneczn\u0105. Pierwsz\u0105 pr\u00F3b\u0119 wprowadzenia Vanguarda na orbit\u0119 przeprowadzono 6 grudnia 1957 roku. Pr\u00F3ba ta zako\u0144czy\u0142a si\u0119 niepowodzeniem. Rakieta no\u015Bna unios\u0142a si\u0119 na wysoko\u015B\u0107 jednego metra, spad\u0142a i eksplodowa\u0142a. Druga pr\u00F3ba wprowadzenia satelity w ramach projektu Vanguard w dniu 26 stycznia 1958 roku r\u00F3wnie\u017C zako\u0144czy\u0142a si\u0119 pora\u017Ck\u0105. Pierwszy satelita serii (Vanguard 1) znalaz\u0142 si\u0119 na orbicie dopiero 17 marca 1958 roku, op\u00F3\u017Anienie to by\u0142o spowodowane wadliw\u0105 konstrukcj\u0105 i dzia\u0142aniem rakiety no\u015Bnej, przez kt\u00F3re nie powiod\u0142y si\u0119 ju\u017C dwa wcze\u015Bniejsze starty. Tymczasem pierwszym satelit\u0105 ameryka\u0144skim zosta\u0142 Explorer 1. Nied\u0142ugo potem program Vanguard zosta\u0142 zarzucony z powodu licznych niepowodze\u0144 (osiem na jedena\u015Bcie start\u00F3w sko\u0144czy\u0142o si\u0119 niepowodzeniem)."@pl . . . . . . . . "19077"^^ . . "147753"^^ . . "\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062C \u0641\u0627\u0646\u063A\u0627\u0631\u062F \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u063A\u0627\u0631\u062F Project Vanguard \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0639\u0646\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064A\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062F\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u062D\u062A \u0625\u062F\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u062D\u0627\u062B \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062D\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u0647\u062F\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062F\u0627\u0631 \u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062E \u0641\u0627\u0646\u063A\u0627\u0631\u062F \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062C \u0641\u0627\u0646\u063A\u0627\u0631\u062F \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062C \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0643\u0634\u0641\u064A\u0646 \u0631\u062F\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062C\u0626 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u062A\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0648\u062A\u0646\u064A\u0643 1 \u0641\u064A 4 \u0623\u0643\u062A\u0648\u0628\u0631 1957 \u0641\u064A 17 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1958. \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062D \u0641\u0627\u0646\u063A\u0627\u0631\u062F 1 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062A\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 VANGUARD \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u062F\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u062A\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062F\u0627\u0631 \u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062F \u0641\u0642\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062A\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062A\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u064A\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964. \u0646\u062C\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062C \u0641\u064A \u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u062D\u062F\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062D\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062C\u062D\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u063A\u0627\u0631\u062F 1 \u0648 2 \u0648 3"@ar . "O Projeto Vanguard, foi um programa espacial, conduzido pelos Estados Unidos, atrav\u00E9s do Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), cuja inten\u00E7\u00E3o era lan\u00E7ar o primeiro sat\u00E9lite em \u00F3rbita do Mundo, usando um foguete Vanguard como ve\u00EDculo lan\u00E7ador a partir da Esta\u00E7\u00E3o da For\u00E7a A\u00E9rea de Cabo Canaveral, Fl\u00F3rida."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Il Progetto Vanguard \u00E8 stato un programma spaziale gestito dal Laboratorio di ricerca navale degli Stati Uniti d'America (NRL), avente lo scopo di mettere in orbita il primo satellite artificiale nella storia dell'uomo utilizzando come vettore un razzo Vanguard lanciato dalla base di lancio di Canaveral, in Florida. In risposta al lancio del satellite Sputnik 1 da parte dell'Unione Sovietica avvenuto il 4 ottobre 1957, gli USA, colti del tutto impreparati dall'evento (solo in seguito alla declassificazione di documenti secretati si scoprir\u00E0 che sia la CIA che il presidente Dwight D. Eisenhower erano informati dei progressi sovietici riguardanti lo Sputnik grazie a immagini aeree scattate da aerei spia), decisero di rilanciare il Programma Explorer, precedentemente proposto dall'Agenzia per i Missili Balistici (ABMA). Assieme al Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), l'ABMA realizz\u00F2 cos\u00EC il satellite Explorer 1 lanciandolo il 31 gennaio 1958. Prima di questo lancio, per\u00F2, l'Unione Sovietica aveva messo a segno un altro colpo, ossia la messa in orbita, il 3 novembre 1957, del secondo satellite nella storia dell'umanit\u00E0, lo Sputnik 2, mentre la popolazione degli Stati Uniti d'America aveva potuto osservare in televisione il fallimento del lancio del Vanguard TV-3 il 6 dicembre 1957, rendendosi conto della posizione piuttosto arretrata del proprio paese nella corsa allo spazio. Il 17 marzo 1958, il Vanguard 1 divenne il secondo satellite messo in orbita terrestre dagli USA, nonch\u00E9 il primo ad utilizzare l'energia solare per alimentare i propri strumenti. Pesante solamente 1,47 kg e avente un diametro di 152 mm, il Vanguard 1 fu definito dall'allora premier sovietico Nikita Khrushchev \"il satellite pompelmo\" (in inglese: \"The grapefruit satellite\"). Dato che lo Sputnik 1, lo Sputnik 2 e l'Explorer 1 si sono disintegrati effettuando il loro rientro in atmosfera, il Vanguard 1 e lo stadio superiore del suo razzo vettore sono a tutt'oggi i satelliti artificiali in orbita da pi\u00F9 tempo."@it . . .