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"\u0645\u062D\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062C\u0631\u0645\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062B\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u064A\u0646"@ar . "Perseguimento dei criminali di guerra ottomani"@it . . . . . . . . . . . "Dopo la prima guerra mondiale, il tentativo di perseguire i criminali di guerra ottomani fu ripreso dalla Conferenza di pace di Parigi (1919) e infine incluso nel Trattato di S\u00E8vres (1920) con l'Impero ottomano. Il governo ottomano organizz\u00F2 una serie di corti marziali nel 1919-1920 per perseguire i criminali di guerra, ma queste fallirono a causa delle pressioni politiche. Lo sforzo principale dell'amministrazione alleata che occupava Costantinopoli fu quello di istituire un tribunale internazionale a Malta per processare i cosiddetti esiliati di Malta, criminali di guerra ottomani tenuti come prigionieri di guerra dalle forze britanniche a Malta. Alla fine, nell'isola tali tribunali non si tennero. Lo storico Taner Ak\u00E7am afferma che la protezione dei criminali di guerra dai procedimenti giudiziari era diventata una priorit\u00E0 chiave del Movimento Nazionale turco. Secondo il giudice della Corte europea dei diritti dell'uomo Giovanni Bonello la sospensione dei procedimenti giudiziari, il rimpatrio e il rilascio dei detenuti turchi furono inoltre il risultato della mancanza di un quadro giuridico adeguato con la giurisdizione sovranazionale, perch\u00E9 dopo la prima guerra mondiale non esisteva nessuna norma internazionale per la regolamentazione dei crimini di guerra. Il rilascio dei detenuti turchi fu ottenuto in cambio di 22 prigionieri britannici detenuti da Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00FCrk. Poich\u00E9 non esistevano leggi internazionali in base alle quali potessero essere processati, gli uomini che orchestrarono il genocidio sfuggirono ai processi e viaggiarono in modo relativamente libero in Germania, in Italia e in Asia centrale. Ci\u00F2 port\u00F2 alla formazione dell'Operazione Nemesis, un'operazione segreta condotta da rivoluzionari armeni durante la quale varie figure politiche e militari ottomane che fuggirono dalle accuse furono assassinate per il loro ruolo nel genocidio armeno."@it . . . 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\u043E\u0431\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E \u0432 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0433\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u043C\u044F\u043D."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "After World War I, the effort to prosecute Ottoman war criminals was taken up by the Paris Peace Conference (1919) and ultimately included in the Treaty of S\u00E8vres (1920) with the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman government organized a series of courts martial in 1919\u20131920 to prosecute war criminals, but these failed on account of political pressure. The main effort by the Allied administration that occupied Constantinople fell short of establishing an international tribunal in Malta to try the so-called Malta exiles, Ottoman war criminals held as POWs by the British forces in Malta. In the end, no tribunals were held in Malta. Taner Ak\u00E7am states that protecting war criminals from prosecution became a key priority of the Turkish nationalist movement. According to European Court of Human Rights judge Giovanni Bonello the suspension of prosecutions, the repatriation and release of Turkish detainees was amongst others a result of the lack of an appropriate legal framework with supranational jurisdiction, because following World War I no international norms for regulating war crimes existed. The release of the Turkish detainees was accomplished in exchange for 22 British prisoners held by Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00FCrk. Since there were no international laws in place under which they could be tried, the men who orchestrated the Armenian genocide escaped prosecution and traveled relatively freely throughout Germany, Italy, and Central Asia. This led to the formation of Operation Nemesis, a covert operation conducted by Armenians during which Ottoman political and military figures who fled prosecution were assassinated for their role in the Armenian genocide."@en . . . . . . "Prosecution of Ottoman war criminals"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "After World War I, the effort to prosecute Ottoman war criminals was taken up by the Paris Peace Conference (1919) and ultimately included in the Treaty of S\u00E8vres (1920) with the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman government organized a series of courts martial in 1919\u20131920 to prosecute war criminals, but these failed on account of political pressure. The main effort by the Allied administration that occupied Constantinople fell short of establishing an international tribunal in Malta to try the so-called Malta exiles, Ottoman war criminals held as POWs by the British forces in Malta. In the end, no tribunals were held in Malta."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u041F\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u041E\u0441\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Malta-tribunalen"@nl . . "Maltatribunalen is een benaming voor beoogde oorlogstribunalen waar gepoogd zou worden om 144 functionarissen van het Ottomaanse Rijk, onder andere verdacht van betrokkenheid bij de Armeense Genocide, te berechten wegens verdenking van oorlogsmisdaden. De Ottomaanse regering heeft een eigen poging gedaan om oorlogsmisdadigers te vervolgen in een aantal krijgsraden (1919-1920) maar deze poging is mislukt als gevolg van politieke druk. Volgens Giovanni Bonello, rechter aan het Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens, was de schorsing van de vervolging, de repatri\u00EBring en de vrijlating van de Turkse gevangenen onder meer een gevolg van het ontbreken van een passend juridisch kader met supranationale rechtsmacht doordat na de Eerste Wereldoorlog nog geen internationale normen voor de berechting van oorlogsmisdaden bestonden. Deze vrijlating van de Turkse gevangenen was ook een ruil met 22 Britse gevangenen die in handen waren van Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00FCrk."@nl . . . . . . . . . . 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"10991804"^^ . . . . . 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"1121902875"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "Dopo la prima guerra mondiale, il tentativo di perseguire i criminali di guerra ottomani fu ripreso dalla Conferenza di pace di Parigi (1919) e infine incluso nel Trattato di S\u00E8vres (1920) con l'Impero ottomano. Il governo ottomano organizz\u00F2 una serie di corti marziali nel 1919-1920 per perseguire i criminali di guerra, ma queste fallirono a causa delle pressioni politiche. Lo sforzo principale dell'amministrazione alleata che occupava Costantinopoli fu quello di istituire un tribunale internazionale a Malta per processare i cosiddetti esiliati di Malta, criminali di guerra ottomani tenuti come prigionieri di guerra dalle forze britanniche a Malta. Alla fine, nell'isola tali tribunali non si tennero."@it . "Pendakwaan penjahat perang Utsmaniyah"@in . . . . "25514"^^ . "Maltatribunalen is een benaming voor beoogde oorlogstribunalen waar gepoogd zou worden om 144 functionarissen van het Ottomaanse Rijk, onder andere verdacht van betrokkenheid bij de Armeense Genocide, te berechten wegens verdenking van oorlogsmisdaden. De Ottomaanse regering heeft een eigen poging gedaan om oorlogsmisdadigers te vervolgen in een aantal krijgsraden (1919-1920) maar deze poging is mislukt als gevolg van politieke druk."@nl . . .