. . . . . . . . . . . . . . "J\u0119zyk pragerma\u0144ski \u2013 rekonstruowany wsp\u00F3lny j\u0119zyk lud\u00F3w germa\u0144skich, wywodz\u0105cy si\u0119 z j\u0119zyka praindoeuropejskiego. Praj\u0119zyk rodziny j\u0119zyk\u00F3w germa\u0144skich."@pl . . . "\u539F\u59CB\u65E5\u8033\u66FC\u8A9E\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AProto-Germanic\uFF09\uFF0C\u6216\u66F0\u5171\u540C\u65E5\u8033\u66FC\u8A9E\uFF08Common Germanic\uFF09\uFF0C\u662F\u731C\u60F3\u4E2D\u5B58\u5728\u7684\u4E00\u500B\u6240\u6709\u65E5\u8033\u66FC\u8A9E\u65CF\u8A9E\u8A00\u7684\u5171\u540C\u7956\u5148\u3002\u539F\u59CB\u65E5\u8033\u66FC\u8A9E\u7684\u76F8\u95DC\u5167\u5BB9\uFF0C\u4E26\u975E\u4EE5\u5B58\u7559\u81F3\u4ECA\u7684\u6587\u4EF6\uFF0C\u4F86\u8B49\u660E\u5176\u8A5E\u6839\u7684\u5F62\u5F0F\u7B49\u7684\uFF0C\u800C\u662F\u4EE5\u6BD4\u7167\u6CD5\u4F86\u91CD\u69CB\u7684\u3002\u53E6\u5916\uFF0C\u6709\u4E9B\u4EBA\u8A8D\u70BA\uFF0C\u6709\u4E9B\u7D04\u65BC\u897F\u5143200\u5E74\u5DE6\u53F3\u5BEB\u6210\uFF0C\u4E26\u5B58\u7559\u81F3\u4ECA\u7684\u76E7\u6069\u5B57\u6BCD\u5BEB\u6210\u7684\u7891\u9298\uFF0C\u5176\u984C\u5B57\u88E1\u7684\u8A9E\u8A00\u662F\u539F\u59CB\u8AFE\u723E\u65AF\u8A9E\u6216\u751A\u81F3\u65BC\u662F\u76F4\u63A5\u5F9E\u539F\u59CB\u65E5\u8033\u66FC\u8A9E\u767C\u5C55\u800C\u4F86\u7684\u665A\u671F\u5171\u540C\u65E5\u8033\u66FC\u8A9E\u3002\u6709\u4EBA\u8A8D\u70BA\uFF0C\u6709\u4E9B\u5B58\u5728\u65BC\u975E\u65E5\u8033\u66FC\u8A9E\u8A00\u7576\u4E2D\u7684\u65E5\u8033\u66FC\u8A9E\u8A00\u501F\u8A5E\uFF0C\u88AB\u8A8D\u70BA\u662F\u5728\u539F\u59CB\u65E5\u8033\u66FC\u8A9E\u6642\u5019\u5C31\u88AB\u501F\u5165\u9019\u4E9B\u8A9E\u8A00\u7684\u3002\u4F8B\u5982\u82AC\u862D\u8A9E\u548C\u611B\u6C99\u5C3C\u4E9E\u8A9E\u7684kuningas\uFF08\u610F\u5373\u300C\u570B\u738B\u300D\uFF09\u9019\u500B\u8A5E\uFF0C\u5C31\u548C\u539F\u59CB\u65E5\u8033\u66FC\u8A9E\u7684*kuningaz\u9019\u500B\u5B57\u7684\u5F62\u5F0F\u76F8\u4F3C\uFF1B\u53E6\u5916\uFF0C\u539F\u59CB\u65E5\u8033\u66FC\u8A9E\u672C\u8EAB\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u7531\u539F\u59CB\u5370\u6B50\u8A9E\u767C\u5C55\u51FA\u4F86\u7684\u8A9E\u8A00\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "El protogerm\u00E1nico (o germ\u00E1nico com\u00FAn) es el ancestro com\u00FAn hipot\u00E9tico (protolengua) de todas las lenguas germ\u00E1nicas, que incluyen, entre otras, el ingl\u00E9s moderno, el neerland\u00E9s y el alem\u00E1n. La lengua protogerm\u00E1nica no es directamente confirmada por ning\u00FAn texto pero ha sido reconstruida por medio de m\u00E9todos comparativos. Solo se han encontrado unas pocas inscripciones r\u00FAnicas en Escandinavia datadas de ca. 200 a. C. que se piensan que representan una etapa del proton\u00F3rdico inmediatamente posterior al protogerm\u00E1nico. Algunas palabras tomadas prestadas del germ\u00E1nico temprano que exist\u00EDan en lenguas no germ\u00E1nicas vecinas se cree que fueron tomadas del protogerm\u00E1nico; un ejemplo es en fin\u00E9s y estonio la palabra kuningas \"rey\", que es similar a la palabra reconstruida del protogerm\u00E1nico *kuning"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Pragerm\u00E1n\u0161tina, nebo tak\u00E9 starogerm\u00E1n\u0161tina, je p\u0159edpokl\u00E1dan\u00FDm spole\u010Dn\u00FDm p\u0159edch\u016Fdcem (prajazykem) v\u0161ech germ\u00E1nsk\u00FDch jazyk\u016F, jako je novodob\u00E1 angli\u010Dtina, nizozem\u0161tina, afrik\u00E1n\u0161tina, n\u011Bm\u010Dina, d\u00E1n\u0161tina, nor\u0161tina, island\u0161tina, faer\u0161tina, a \u0161v\u00E9d\u0161tina. Pragerm\u00E1n\u0161tina nen\u00ED p\u0159\u00EDmo dolo\u017Eena \u017E\u00E1dn\u00FDmi dochovan\u00FDmi texty, na z\u00E1klad\u011B byla v\u0161ak . Nicm\u00E9n\u011B p\u00E1r dochovan\u00FDch runov\u00FDch z\u00E1pis\u016F ze Skandin\u00E1vie poch\u00E1zej\u00EDc\u00EDch z roku 200 n. l., je pova\u017Eov\u00E1no za stupe\u0148 mezi pragerm\u00E1n\u0161tinou a starou nor\u0161tinou, je\u017E n\u00E1sledovala vz\u00E1p\u011Bt\u00ED. Pragerm\u00E1n\u0161tina m\u00E1 p\u016Fvod v praindoevrop\u0161tin\u011B (PIE)."@cs . . . . . . . . . "Pragerm\u00E1n\u0161tina"@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . "Le proto-germanique ou germanique commun est la reconstruction de la langue parl\u00E9e \u00E0 l\u2019origine par les peuples germaniques, alors qu'ils se trouvaient concentr\u00E9s dans le nord de l'Europe entre 750 av. J.-C. et 300 apr. J.-C.[r\u00E9f. n\u00E9cessaire]. On postule normalement deux \u00E9poques, l'une primitive jusqu'en l'an 1 apr. J.-C. et l'autre tardive entre 1 et 300 apr. J.-C. Cette derni\u00E8re a donn\u00E9 naissance aux langues germaniques, r\u00E9parties en trois sous-ensembles, en raison de la fragmentation qui s'est op\u00E9r\u00E9e par la suite : le germanique de l'Est, le germanique de l'Ouest et le germanique du Nord. Le germanique commun n'est attest\u00E9 par quasiment aucun texte, mise \u00E0 part peut-\u00EAtre l'inscription \u00AB harikastiteiva \\ \\ \\ ip \u00BB du casque de Negau, mais a \u00E9t\u00E9 reconstruit selon la m\u00E9thode comparatiste. Cependant, quelques inscriptions r\u00E9dig\u00E9es dans une \u00E9criture runique de Scandinavie, datant d'environ 200 de notre \u00E8re, repr\u00E9sentent une \u00E9tape du proto-norrois ou, selon Bernard Comrie, du germanique commun tardif, suivant imm\u00E9diatement le stade du germanique commun primitif. Le germanique commun descend lui-m\u00EAme de l'indo-europ\u00E9en commun."@fr . . "Pragerm\u00E1n\u0161tina, nebo tak\u00E9 starogerm\u00E1n\u0161tina, je p\u0159edpokl\u00E1dan\u00FDm spole\u010Dn\u00FDm p\u0159edch\u016Fdcem (prajazykem) v\u0161ech germ\u00E1nsk\u00FDch jazyk\u016F, jako je novodob\u00E1 angli\u010Dtina, nizozem\u0161tina, afrik\u00E1n\u0161tina, n\u011Bm\u010Dina, d\u00E1n\u0161tina, nor\u0161tina, island\u0161tina, faer\u0161tina, a \u0161v\u00E9d\u0161tina. Pragerm\u00E1n\u0161tina nen\u00ED p\u0159\u00EDmo dolo\u017Eena \u017E\u00E1dn\u00FDmi dochovan\u00FDmi texty, na z\u00E1klad\u011B byla v\u0161ak . Nicm\u00E9n\u011B p\u00E1r dochovan\u00FDch runov\u00FDch z\u00E1pis\u016F ze Skandin\u00E1vie poch\u00E1zej\u00EDc\u00EDch z roku 200 n. l., je pova\u017Eov\u00E1no za stupe\u0148 mezi pragerm\u00E1n\u0161tinou a starou nor\u0161tinou, je\u017E n\u00E1sledovala vz\u00E1p\u011Bt\u00ED. Pragerm\u00E1n\u0161tina m\u00E1 p\u016Fvod v praindoevrop\u0161tin\u011B (PIE)."@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30B2\u30EB\u30DE\u30F3\u7956\u8A9E\uFF08\u30B2\u30EB\u30DE\u30F3\u305D\u3054\u3001\u82F1: Proto-Germanic\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u30FB\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u7956\u8A9E\uFF08\u5370\u6B27\u7956\u8A9E\uFF09\u304B\u3089\u5206\u5316\u3057\u305F\u8A00\u8A9E\u306E\u4E00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u30B2\u30EB\u30DE\u30F3\u8A9E\u6D3E\u306B\u5C5E\u3059\u308B\u8A00\u8A9E\u3001\u3059\u306A\u308F\u3061\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u8A9E\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E\u3001\u30AA\u30E9\u30F3\u30C0\u8A9E\u3001\u30C7\u30F3\u30DE\u30FC\u30AF\u8A9E\u3001\u30CE\u30EB\u30A6\u30A7\u30FC\u8A9E\u3001\u30B9\u30A6\u30A7\u30FC\u30C7\u30F3\u8A9E\u3001\u30A2\u30A4\u30B9\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u8A9E\u306A\u3069\u306E\u7956\u5148\u306E\u8A00\u8A9E\uFF08\u7956\u8A9E\uFF09\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u6587\u732E\u304C\u5168\u304F\u306A\u3044\u306E\u3067\u4ED6\u306E\u8A00\u8A9E\u306E\u77E5\u8B58\u304B\u3089\u5FA9\u5143\uFF08\u518D\u69CB\uFF09\u3057\u3066\u8003\u5BDF\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . "\uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC870\uC5B4(\uC601\uC5B4: Proto-Germanic, \uC57D\uC5B4 PGmc)\uB294 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC5B8\uC5B4\uD559\uC758 \uBC29\uBC95\uC73C\uB85C \uC7AC\uAD6C\uD574\uB0B8 \uC778\uB3C4\uC720\uB7FD\uC5B4\uC871 \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC5B4\uD30C\uC758 \uC870\uC0C1 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uC774\uB2E4. \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC870\uC5B4\uB294 \uC11C\uAE30 \uC6D0\uB144\uC5D0\uC11C 500\uB144 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0 \uC120\uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC870\uC5B4(\u5148\u2015, \uC601\uC5B4: Pre-Proto-Germanic)\uC5D0\uC11C \uB098\uC640, \uC11C\uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC5B4\uAD70\u00B7\uB3D9\uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC5B4\uAD70\u00B7\uBD81\uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC5B4\uAD70\uC758 \uC138 \uAC08\uB798\uB85C \uB098\uB258\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC5B4\uD30C\uC758 \uC138 \uAC08\uB798\uB294 \uAC08\uB77C\uC9C4 \uB4A4\uC5D0\uB3C4 \uC624\uB79C \uC2DC\uAC04 \uB3D9\uC548 \uC11C\uB85C \uC811\uCD09\uD574 \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uD2B9\uD788 \uC601\uC5B4\uB97C \uD3EC\uD568\uD55C \uC740 \uC11C\uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC5B4\uAD70\uC5D0 \uC18D\uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC \uBD81\uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC5B4\uAD70\uACFC \uC624\uB798\uB3C4\uB85D \uC811\uCD09\uC744 \uC720\uC9C0\uD588\uB2E4. \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC870\uC5B4\uB97C \uADDC\uC815\uD558\uB294 \uD2B9\uC9D5\uC740 \uADF8\uB9BC\uC758 \uBC95\uCE59\uC774\uB77C \uBD88\uB9AC\uB294 \uC74C\uC6B4 \uBCC0\uD654 \uACFC\uC815\uC744 \uC644\uC804\uD788 \uACAA\uC5C8\uB2E4\uB294 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB9BC\uC758 \uBC95\uCE59\uC740 \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC870\uC5B4\uAC00 \uC778\uB3C4\uC720\uB7FD\uC870\uC5B4\uC758 \uBC29\uC5B8\uC774\uB358 \uC2DC\uAE30\uBD80\uD130 \uB3C5\uB9BD\uB41C \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB85C \uAC08\uB77C\uC9C4 \uC2DC\uAE30\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC624\uB79C \uC2DC\uAC04\uC5D0 \uAC78\uCCD0 \uC77C\uC5B4\uB09C \uC77C\uB828\uC758 \uC74C\uC6B4 \uBCC0\uD654\uB97C \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A8\uB2E4. \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uC74C\uC6B4 \uBCC0\uD654\uB294 \uC218\uBC31 \uB144\uC5D0 \uAC78\uCCD0 \uC810\uC9C4\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC77C\uC5B4\uB0AC\uC744 \uAC83\uC774\uBBC0\uB85C, \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC870\uC5B4\uB97C \uB2E8\uC21C\uD788 \uC758 \uD55C \uB9C8\uB514\uB85C \uC5EC\uAE30\uB294 \uAC83\uC740 \uC801\uC808\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB2E4. \uADF8\uBCF4\uB2E4\uB294 \uAC70\uC758 1,000\uB144\uC5D0 \uAC78\uCE5C \uBCC0\uD654 \uACFC\uC815\uC744 \uB098\uD0C0\uB0B8\uB2E4\uACE0 \uBCF4\uC544\uC57C \uD55C\uB2E4. 4\uC138\uAE30\uACBD \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC871\uC758 \uB300\uC774\uB3D9\uC774 \uC2DC\uC791\uD558\uBA74\uC11C \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC870\uC5B4 \uC2DC\uAE30\uB294 \uB05D\uC774 \uB09C\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . "\u041F\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0301\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u0301\u043A \u2014 \u0433\u0438\u043F\u043E\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438 \u0432\u043E\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0439 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A-\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u043A \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u043E\u0432."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . "119795"^^ . . . . "L\u00EDngua protogerm\u00E2nica"@pt . . . "Aitzingermanikoa indoeuroperaren germaniar adarraren aitzin-hizkuntza berreraikia da.Aitzingermanikoa aurre-aitzingermanikotik garatu zen hiru adarretan K.o. lehen milurtekoaren lehendabiziko erdialdean\u02D0 Mendebaldeko germanikoa, Ekialdeko germanikoa eta Iparraldeko germanikoa.Aitzingermanikoa definitzeko baliatu ohi den ezaugarria bete izana da, hots, oraindik ere indoeuropearen dialektoa zenean gertatu zitzaion hots-aldaketa multzo bat, denborarekin hizkuntza gisa bereiztarazi zutenak."@eu . . . . . . . . . "Pra\u011Dermana lingvo"@eo . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062F\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . . . . . . "\u30B2\u30EB\u30DE\u30F3\u7956\u8A9E"@ja . "\u539F\u59CB\u65E5\u8033\u66FC\u8A9E"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . "Proto-germanique"@fr . . "J\u0119zyk pragerma\u0144ski \u2013 rekonstruowany wsp\u00F3lny j\u0119zyk lud\u00F3w germa\u0144skich, wywodz\u0105cy si\u0119 z j\u0119zyka praindoeuropejskiego. Praj\u0119zyk rodziny j\u0119zyk\u00F3w germa\u0144skich."@pl . . . . "\uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC870\uC5B4(\uC601\uC5B4: Proto-Germanic, \uC57D\uC5B4 PGmc)\uB294 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC5B8\uC5B4\uD559\uC758 \uBC29\uBC95\uC73C\uB85C \uC7AC\uAD6C\uD574\uB0B8 \uC778\uB3C4\uC720\uB7FD\uC5B4\uC871 \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC5B4\uD30C\uC758 \uC870\uC0C1 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uC774\uB2E4. \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC870\uC5B4\uB294 \uC11C\uAE30 \uC6D0\uB144\uC5D0\uC11C 500\uB144 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0 \uC120\uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC870\uC5B4(\u5148\u2015, \uC601\uC5B4: Pre-Proto-Germanic)\uC5D0\uC11C \uB098\uC640, \uC11C\uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC5B4\uAD70\u00B7\uB3D9\uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC5B4\uAD70\u00B7\uBD81\uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC5B4\uAD70\uC758 \uC138 \uAC08\uB798\uB85C \uB098\uB258\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC5B4\uD30C\uC758 \uC138 \uAC08\uB798\uB294 \uAC08\uB77C\uC9C4 \uB4A4\uC5D0\uB3C4 \uC624\uB79C \uC2DC\uAC04 \uB3D9\uC548 \uC11C\uB85C \uC811\uCD09\uD574 \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uD2B9\uD788 \uC601\uC5B4\uB97C \uD3EC\uD568\uD55C \uC740 \uC11C\uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC5B4\uAD70\uC5D0 \uC18D\uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC \uBD81\uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC5B4\uAD70\uACFC \uC624\uB798\uB3C4\uB85D \uC811\uCD09\uC744 \uC720\uC9C0\uD588\uB2E4. \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC870\uC5B4\uB97C \uADDC\uC815\uD558\uB294 \uD2B9\uC9D5\uC740 \uADF8\uB9BC\uC758 \uBC95\uCE59\uC774\uB77C \uBD88\uB9AC\uB294 \uC74C\uC6B4 \uBCC0\uD654 \uACFC\uC815\uC744 \uC644\uC804\uD788 \uACAA\uC5C8\uB2E4\uB294 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB9BC\uC758 \uBC95\uCE59\uC740 \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC870\uC5B4\uAC00 \uC778\uB3C4\uC720\uB7FD\uC870\uC5B4\uC758 \uBC29\uC5B8\uC774\uB358 \uC2DC\uAE30\uBD80\uD130 \uB3C5\uB9BD\uB41C \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB85C \uAC08\uB77C\uC9C4 \uC2DC\uAE30\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC624\uB79C \uC2DC\uAC04\uC5D0 \uAC78\uCCD0 \uC77C\uC5B4\uB09C \uC77C\uB828\uC758 \uC74C\uC6B4 \uBCC0\uD654\uB97C \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A8\uB2E4. \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uC74C\uC6B4 \uBCC0\uD654\uB294 \uC218\uBC31 \uB144\uC5D0 \uAC78\uCCD0 \uC810\uC9C4\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC77C\uC5B4\uB0AC\uC744 \uAC83\uC774\uBBC0\uB85C, \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC870\uC5B4\uB97C \uB2E8\uC21C\uD788 \uC758 \uD55C \uB9C8\uB514\uB85C \uC5EC\uAE30\uB294 \uAC83\uC740 \uC801\uC808\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB2E4. \uADF8\uBCF4\uB2E4\uB294 \uAC70\uC758 1,000\uB144\uC5D0 \uAC78\uCE5C \uBCC0\uD654 \uACFC\uC815\uC744 \uB098\uD0C0\uB0B8\uB2E4\uACE0 \uBCF4\uC544\uC57C \uD55C\uB2E4. 4\uC138\uAE30\uACBD \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC871\uC758 \uB300\uC774\uB3D9\uC774 \uC2DC\uC791\uD558\uBA74\uC11C \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC870\uC5B4 \uC2DC\uAE30\uB294 \uB05D\uC774 \uB09C\uB2E4. \uBD81\uC720\uB7FD \uCCAD\uB3D9\uAE30 \uC2DC\uB300\uC640 (\uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 2000\uB144 ~ \uC11C\uAE30 \uC6D0\uB144)\uCC98\uB7FC \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC870\uC5B4\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uB354 \uB113\uC740 \uC2DC\uAC04\uC801 \uBC94\uC704\uC5D0 \uAC78\uCE5C \uC5B8\uC5B4 \uBCC0\uD654 \uACFC\uC815\uC744 \uD3EC\uD568\uD558\uB294 \uAC1C\uB150\uC73C\uB85C \u201C\uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC \uC870\uC0C1 \uC5B8\uC5B4\u201D(\uC601\uC5B4: Germanic parent language)\uB77C\uB294 \uC6A9\uC5B4\uAC00 \uC4F0\uC774\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uC5EC\uAE30\uC5D0\uB294 \u201C\uC120\uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC5B4\u201D(Pre-Germanic, PreGmc), \u201C\uCD08\uAE30 \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC870\uC5B4\u201D(Early Proto Germanic, EPGmc), \u201C\uD6C4\uAE30 \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC870\uC5B4\u201D(Late Proto-Germanic, LPGmc) \uB4F1\uC758 \uB2E8\uACC4\uAC00 \uD3EC\uD568\uB41C\uB2E4. \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC870\uC5B4\uB77C\uB294 \uC6A9\uC5B4\uB294 \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC5B4\uD30C \uC5B8\uC5B4\uC758 \uCD5C\uADFC \uACF5\uD1B5 \uC870\uC0C1\uB9CC\uC744 \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A4\uB294 \uBC18\uBA74, \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC \uC870\uC0C1 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB77C\uB294 \uC6A9\uC5B4\uB294 \uB098\uC911\uC5D0 \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC870\uC5B4\uAC00 \uB41C \uC778\uB3C4\uC720\uB7FD\uC870\uC5B4 \uBC29\uC5B8\uC758 1,000\uB144\uC5D0 \uB2EC\uD558\uB294 \uC5ED\uC0AC \uC804\uCCB4\uB97C \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A8\uB2E4. \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC870\uC5B4\uB85C \uB41C \uC628\uC804\uD55C \uAE30\uB85D\uC740 \uC624\uB298\uB0A0 \uC804\uD574\uC9C0\uC9C0 \uC54A\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0, \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC870\uC5B4\uC758 \uBAA8\uC2B5\uC740 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC5B8\uC5B4\uD559\uC758 \uBE44\uAD50 \uC7AC\uAD6C\uB77C\uB294 \uBC29\uBC95\uC744 \uD1B5\uD574 \uC7AC\uAD6C\uC131\uD55C \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. (\uD6C4\uAE30) \uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC870\uC5B4\uB85C \uB41C \uB2E8\uD3B8\uC801\uC778 \uAE30\uB85D\uC740 \uCD08\uAE30 \uB8EC \uBB38\uC790 \uC0C8\uAE40\uAE00(\uAE30\uC6D0\uD6C4 2\uC138\uAE30\uC758 \uACFC \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 2\uC138\uAE30\uC758 \uBA85\uBB38) \uBC0F \uB85C\uB9C8 \uC81C\uAD6D \uC2DC\uAE30\uC5D0 \uBA87\uBA87 \uB2E8\uC5B4\uB4E4\uC744 \uAE30\uB85D\uD55C \uAC83(\uD2B9\uD788 \uAE30\uC6D0\uD6C4 90\uB144\uACBD \uD0C0\uD0A4\uD22C\uC2A4\uC758 \u300A\uAC8C\uB974\uB9C8\uB2C8\uC544\u300B)\uC774 \uB0A8\uC544 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . "\uAC8C\uB974\uB9CC\uC870\uC5B4"@ko . . . . . . "La lingua proto-germanica, nota anche come la lingua germanica, \u00E8 la lingua considerata come antenata comune di tutte le lingue germaniche."@it . "El protogerm\u00E0nic (o germ\u00E0nic com\u00FA) \u00E9s l'ancestre com\u00FA hipot\u00E8tic de totes les lleng\u00FCes germ\u00E0niques, que inclouen, entre altres, l'angl\u00E8s modern, el neerland\u00E8s i l'alemany. No est\u00E0 directament confirmada per cap text, per\u00F2 ha estat reconstru\u00EFda per mitj\u00E0 de m\u00E8todes comparatius. Nom\u00E9s s'han trobat unes inscripcions r\u00FAniques a Escandin\u00E0via, datades de l'any 200 aC, que es pensa que representen una etapa del proton\u00F2rdic immediatament posterior al protogerm\u00E0nic."@ca . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062F\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0628\u062F\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064A \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064A\u0629. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0622\u062E\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u063A\u0629 \u062C\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062C\u0644 \u0627\u062D\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062D\u0644 \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0648\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A."@ar . . . . . "Proto-Jermanik, juga disebut Jermanik Umum atau Ur-Jermanik, adalah bahasa proto yang direkonstruksi dari seluruh bahasa Jermanik, termasuk bahasa Inggris. Proto-Jermanik sendiri adalah turunan dari bahasa Proto-Indo-Eropa (PIE)."@in . . "Lingua proto-germanica"@it . . . . . . . "El protogerm\u00E0nic (o germ\u00E0nic com\u00FA) \u00E9s l'ancestre com\u00FA hipot\u00E8tic de totes les lleng\u00FCes germ\u00E0niques, que inclouen, entre altres, l'angl\u00E8s modern, el neerland\u00E8s i l'alemany. No est\u00E0 directament confirmada per cap text, per\u00F2 ha estat reconstru\u00EFda per mitj\u00E0 de m\u00E8todes comparatius. Nom\u00E9s s'han trobat unes inscripcions r\u00FAniques a Escandin\u00E0via, datades de l'any 200 aC, que es pensa que representen una etapa del proton\u00F2rdic immediatament posterior al protogerm\u00E0nic."@ca . . . "\u041F\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0430"@uk . . . . "Idioma protogerm\u00E1nico"@es . . . . . "Urgermanska"@sv . . . . . . "Oergermaans"@nl . . . . . . . "Urgermanska \u00E4r ett rekonstruerat spr\u00E5k sammansatt utifr\u00E5n de germanska spr\u00E5kens \u00E4ldsta skriftligt belagda former. Det anses av spr\u00E5khistoriker ha varit den gemensamma basen och utg\u00E5ngspunkten f\u00F6r dessa spr\u00E5ks utveckling. De germanska spr\u00E5kens \u00E4ldsta bel\u00E4gg \u00E4r fr\u00E5n de f\u00F6rsta \u00E5rhundradena e.Kr., d\u00E5 de redan var olika varandra. Splittringen av det urgermanska spr\u00E5ket i dialekter som ledde till dessa spr\u00E5k m\u00E5ste d\u00E4rf\u00F6r ha \u00E4gt rum hundratals \u00E5r f\u00F6re v\u00E5r tider\u00E4knings b\u00F6rjan."@sv . . "Aitzingermanikoa indoeuroperaren germaniar adarraren aitzin-hizkuntza berreraikia da.Aitzingermanikoa aurre-aitzingermanikotik garatu zen hiru adarretan K.o. lehen milurtekoaren lehendabiziko erdialdean\u02D0 Mendebaldeko germanikoa, Ekialdeko germanikoa eta Iparraldeko germanikoa.Aitzingermanikoa definitzeko baliatu ohi den ezaugarria bete izana da, hots, oraindik ere indoeuropearen dialektoa zenean gertatu zitzaion hots-aldaketa multzo bat, denborarekin hizkuntza gisa bereiztarazi zutenak."@eu . . . "J\u0119zyk pragerma\u0144ski"@pl . "Het Oergermaans of Protogermaans is een reconstructie van de taal die rond het begin van de jaartelling (de datering is grof) gesproken werd in Noord-West- en Midden-Europa. Het is de taal waarvan zich in later eeuwen onder meer het Oudnoords, het Oudsaksisch, het Oudengels, het Oudfries, het Oudhoogduits, het Oudfrankisch en vervolgens het Oudnederfrankisch en het Gotisch, en uiteindelijk het Noors, Nedersaksisch, Engels, Westerlauwers, Sater- en Noord-Fries en het Nederlands zich als dochtertalen ontwikkelden. Van het Oudnederfrankisch is het moderne Nederlands op zijn beurt weer een dochtertaal."@nl . "Proto-Jermanik, juga disebut Jermanik Umum atau Ur-Jermanik, adalah bahasa proto yang direkonstruksi dari seluruh bahasa Jermanik, termasuk bahasa Inggris. Proto-Jermanik sendiri adalah turunan dari bahasa Proto-Indo-Eropa (PIE)."@in . . . . . . . . . . . "O protogerm\u00E2nico, tamb\u00E9m chamado de germ\u00E2nico comum ou primitivo, \u00E9 a protol\u00EDngua ancestral comum hipot\u00E9tica de todas as l\u00EDnguas germ\u00E2nicas tais como o moderno ingl\u00EAs, holand\u00EAs, alem\u00E3o, dinamarqu\u00EAs, noruegu\u00EAs, island\u00EAs, fero\u00EAs e sueco. Descende do protoindo-europeu.N\u00E3o existem textos sobreviventes no protogerm\u00E2nico, a l\u00EDngua foi reconstru\u00EDda. Entretanto, algumas poucas inscri\u00E7\u00F5es sobreviventes na escrita r\u00FAnica da Escandin\u00E1via datadas de ca. 200 parecem mostrar um est\u00E1gio da l\u00EDngua proton\u00F3rdica ou, segundo , seguindo imediatamente o est\u00E1gio de \"protogerm\u00E2nico\"."@pt . . . . . . . . . . "Proto-Germanic language"@en . . . . . "La pra\u011Dermana (a\u016D komuna \u011Dermana) estas la hipoteza komuna anta\u016Dulo (pralingvo) de \u0109iuj \u011Dermanaj lingvoj, kiu inkluzivas inter aliaj, la modernan anglan, la nederlandan kaj la germanan. La pra\u011Dermana lingvo ne estas rekte konfirmita de ajna teksto sed estis rekonstruita pere de komparaj metodoj. Nur trovi\u011Dis malmultaj skiba\u0135oj (runoj) en Skandinavio el \u0109irka\u016D la jaro 200 a.K. kiun oni kredas ke ili reprezentas etapon de la pranordia tuj post la pra\u011Dermana. Kelkaj vortoj pruntitajel la frua \u011Dermana kiuj ekzistis en najbaraj ne\u011Dermanaj lingvoj ver\u015Dajne estis pruntitaj el la pra\u011Dermana; ekzemple en la finna kaj en la estona la vorto kuningas \"re\u011Do\", kiu similas al la rekonstruita vorto el la pra\u011Dermana *kuningaz."@eo . . . . . . . . "\u539F\u59CB\u65E5\u8033\u66FC\u8A9E\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AProto-Germanic\uFF09\uFF0C\u6216\u66F0\u5171\u540C\u65E5\u8033\u66FC\u8A9E\uFF08Common Germanic\uFF09\uFF0C\u662F\u731C\u60F3\u4E2D\u5B58\u5728\u7684\u4E00\u500B\u6240\u6709\u65E5\u8033\u66FC\u8A9E\u65CF\u8A9E\u8A00\u7684\u5171\u540C\u7956\u5148\u3002\u539F\u59CB\u65E5\u8033\u66FC\u8A9E\u7684\u76F8\u95DC\u5167\u5BB9\uFF0C\u4E26\u975E\u4EE5\u5B58\u7559\u81F3\u4ECA\u7684\u6587\u4EF6\uFF0C\u4F86\u8B49\u660E\u5176\u8A5E\u6839\u7684\u5F62\u5F0F\u7B49\u7684\uFF0C\u800C\u662F\u4EE5\u6BD4\u7167\u6CD5\u4F86\u91CD\u69CB\u7684\u3002\u53E6\u5916\uFF0C\u6709\u4E9B\u4EBA\u8A8D\u70BA\uFF0C\u6709\u4E9B\u7D04\u65BC\u897F\u5143200\u5E74\u5DE6\u53F3\u5BEB\u6210\uFF0C\u4E26\u5B58\u7559\u81F3\u4ECA\u7684\u76E7\u6069\u5B57\u6BCD\u5BEB\u6210\u7684\u7891\u9298\uFF0C\u5176\u984C\u5B57\u88E1\u7684\u8A9E\u8A00\u662F\u539F\u59CB\u8AFE\u723E\u65AF\u8A9E\u6216\u751A\u81F3\u65BC\u662F\u76F4\u63A5\u5F9E\u539F\u59CB\u65E5\u8033\u66FC\u8A9E\u767C\u5C55\u800C\u4F86\u7684\u665A\u671F\u5171\u540C\u65E5\u8033\u66FC\u8A9E\u3002\u6709\u4EBA\u8A8D\u70BA\uFF0C\u6709\u4E9B\u5B58\u5728\u65BC\u975E\u65E5\u8033\u66FC\u8A9E\u8A00\u7576\u4E2D\u7684\u65E5\u8033\u66FC\u8A9E\u8A00\u501F\u8A5E\uFF0C\u88AB\u8A8D\u70BA\u662F\u5728\u539F\u59CB\u65E5\u8033\u66FC\u8A9E\u6642\u5019\u5C31\u88AB\u501F\u5165\u9019\u4E9B\u8A9E\u8A00\u7684\u3002\u4F8B\u5982\u82AC\u862D\u8A9E\u548C\u611B\u6C99\u5C3C\u4E9E\u8A9E\u7684kuningas\uFF08\u610F\u5373\u300C\u570B\u738B\u300D\uFF09\u9019\u500B\u8A5E\uFF0C\u5C31\u548C\u539F\u59CB\u65E5\u8033\u66FC\u8A9E\u7684*kuningaz\u9019\u500B\u5B57\u7684\u5F62\u5F0F\u76F8\u4F3C\uFF1B\u53E6\u5916\uFF0C\u539F\u59CB\u65E5\u8033\u66FC\u8A9E\u672C\u8EAB\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u7531\u539F\u59CB\u5370\u6B50\u8A9E\u767C\u5C55\u51FA\u4F86\u7684\u8A9E\u8A00\u3002"@zh . . "Het Oergermaans of Protogermaans is een reconstructie van de taal die rond het begin van de jaartelling (de datering is grof) gesproken werd in Noord-West- en Midden-Europa. Het is de taal waarvan zich in later eeuwen onder meer het Oudnoords, het Oudsaksisch, het Oudengels, het Oudfries, het Oudhoogduits, het Oudfrankisch en vervolgens het Oudnederfrankisch en het Gotisch, en uiteindelijk het Noors, Nedersaksisch, Engels, Westerlauwers, Sater- en Noord-Fries en het Nederlands zich als dochtertalen ontwikkelden. Van het Oudnederfrankisch is het moderne Nederlands op zijn beurt weer een dochtertaal. Het Oergermaans is een hypothese: een door geleerden gereconstrueerde taal (dus niet hetzelfde als een kunsttaal). Met het Oergermaans wordt beoogd een fase van het Oudgermaans weer te geven, waaruit het karakter van de Germaanse taal zoals zij er in oorsprong zou kunnen hebben uitgezien, moet blijken.Op grond van vergelijkingen met oude overgeleverde Germaanse talen - voornamelijk Gotisch en Oudengels, in mindere mate ook Oudnoords en Oudhoogduits - kunnen de Oergermaanse grammatica en het lexicon min of meer herleid worden."@nl . . . . . . "Le proto-germanique ou germanique commun est la reconstruction de la langue parl\u00E9e \u00E0 l\u2019origine par les peuples germaniques, alors qu'ils se trouvaient concentr\u00E9s dans le nord de l'Europe entre 750 av. J.-C. et 300 apr. J.-C.[r\u00E9f. n\u00E9cessaire]. On postule normalement deux \u00E9poques, l'une primitive jusqu'en l'an 1 apr. J.-C. et l'autre tardive entre 1 et 300 apr. J.-C. Cette derni\u00E8re a donn\u00E9 naissance aux langues germaniques, r\u00E9parties en trois sous-ensembles, en raison de la fragmentation qui s'est op\u00E9r\u00E9e par la suite : le germanique de l'Est, le germanique de l'Ouest et le germanique du Nord."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Proto-Germanic"@en . . . . . . "\u041F\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0301\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u0301\u043A \u2014 \u0433\u0438\u043F\u043E\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438 \u0432\u043E\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0439 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A-\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u043A \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u043E\u0432."@ru . . "\u30B2\u30EB\u30DE\u30F3\u7956\u8A9E\uFF08\u30B2\u30EB\u30DE\u30F3\u305D\u3054\u3001\u82F1: Proto-Germanic\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u30FB\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u7956\u8A9E\uFF08\u5370\u6B27\u7956\u8A9E\uFF09\u304B\u3089\u5206\u5316\u3057\u305F\u8A00\u8A9E\u306E\u4E00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u30B2\u30EB\u30DE\u30F3\u8A9E\u6D3E\u306B\u5C5E\u3059\u308B\u8A00\u8A9E\u3001\u3059\u306A\u308F\u3061\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u8A9E\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E\u3001\u30AA\u30E9\u30F3\u30C0\u8A9E\u3001\u30C7\u30F3\u30DE\u30FC\u30AF\u8A9E\u3001\u30CE\u30EB\u30A6\u30A7\u30FC\u8A9E\u3001\u30B9\u30A6\u30A7\u30FC\u30C7\u30F3\u8A9E\u3001\u30A2\u30A4\u30B9\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u8A9E\u306A\u3069\u306E\u7956\u5148\u306E\u8A00\u8A9E\uFF08\u7956\u8A9E\uFF09\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u6587\u732E\u304C\u5168\u304F\u306A\u3044\u306E\u3067\u4ED6\u306E\u8A00\u8A9E\u306E\u77E5\u8B58\u304B\u3089\u5FA9\u5143\uFF08\u518D\u69CB\uFF09\u3057\u3066\u8003\u5BDF\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . "La pra\u011Dermana (a\u016D komuna \u011Dermana) estas la hipoteza komuna anta\u016Dulo (pralingvo) de \u0109iuj \u011Dermanaj lingvoj, kiu inkluzivas inter aliaj, la modernan anglan, la nederlandan kaj la germanan. La pra\u011Dermana lingvo ne estas rekte konfirmita de ajna teksto sed estis rekonstruita pere de komparaj metodoj. Nur trovi\u011Dis malmultaj skiba\u0135oj (runoj) en Skandinavio el \u0109irka\u016D la jaro 200 a.K. kiun oni kredas ke ili reprezentas etapon de la pranordia tuj post la pra\u011Dermana. Kelkaj vortoj pruntitajel la frua \u011Dermana kiuj ekzistis en najbaraj ne\u011Dermanaj lingvoj ver\u015Dajne estis pruntitaj el la pra\u011Dermana; ekzemple en la finna kaj en la estona la vorto kuningas \"re\u011Do\", kiu similas al la rekonstruita vorto el la pra\u011Dermana *kuningaz. La \u011Dermana estas lingvo posteulo de la prahinde\u016Dropa lingvo. \u011Ci posedis nur du verbajn tempojn (estinteco kaj estanteco), kompare kun la ses a\u016D sep tempoj de la greka, latina kaj sanskrita. Parto de tiu \u0109i diferenco okazas pro la kiun karakterizas la perdo de tempoj \u0109e la prahinde\u016Dropa. Tamen, multaj el la verbaj tempoj de aliaj lingvoj \u015Dajnas esti inovacioj apartaj de \u0109iu el ili. La arkeologiaj evidenta\u0135oj sugestas ke anta\u016D ol la diferenci\u011Do de la pra\u011Dermana je malsamaj bran\u0109oj, la \u011Dermanoj lo\u011Dis en la sudo de Skandinavio kaj la\u016Dlonge de \u011Diaj bordoj, ekde Nederlando okcidente, \u011Dis la Vistulo oriente \u0109. 770 a.K. La pra\u011Dermana apartenas al la familio de hinde\u016Dropaj lingvoj kiu disvolvi\u011Dis fine de la Neolitiko en okcidenta E\u016Dropo, inkluzive de la Funelpokalkulturo kaj la \u015Dnurceramika kulturo en la sudo de Skandinavio kaj Jutlando. Kelkaj anka\u016D sugestas ke la pra\u011Dermana kun la tempo evoluis relative izoli\u011Dinta. Tio bazi\u011Das precipe pro la vortprovizo, la\u016D ili, triono de la baza vortprovizo havas nehinde\u016Dropan originon. Aliaj erudiciuloj kontra\u016Das tion kaj proponas etomologiajn prahinde\u016Dropajn originojn al la plejmulto de la pridubataj vortoj. La pra\u011Dermana \u0109irka\u016Das la etapon kiu konsistigas la komunan anta\u016Dulon plej \u0135usan de la \u011Dermanaj lingvoj, datita en la lasta duono de la unua jarmilo a.K. \u0108irka\u016D la jaro 250 a. C., la pra\u011Dermana dividi\u011Dis en kvin malsamajn \u011Dermanajn lingvogrupojn (du okcidenten kaj norden kaj unu orienten)"@eo . . . . . . "Northern Europe"@en . . . . . . . "Urgermanische Sprache"@de . "Proto-Germanic (abbreviated PGmc; also called Common Germanic) is the reconstructed proto-language of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages. Proto-Germanic eventually developed from pre-Proto-Germanic into three Germanic branches during the fifth century BC to fifth century AD: West Germanic, East Germanic and North Germanic, which however remained in contact over a considerable time, especially the Ingvaeonic languages (including English), which arose from West Germanic dialects and remained in continued contact with North Germanic."@en . . . . . . "Bahasa Proto-Jermanik"@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Urgermanisch (auch Protogermanisch) nennt man die hypothetische Vorl\u00E4ufersprache aller germanischen Sprachen, gewisserma\u00DFen die Ursprache der germanischen Sprachfamilie, zu der neben anderen die heutigen Sprachen Deutsch, Englisch, Niederl\u00E4ndisch und Schwedisch z\u00E4hlen. Es entwickelte sich m\u00F6glicherweise im 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr., sp\u00E4testens im 1. Jahrtausend grob rund um die westliche Ostsee, nach anderen Quellen etwas weiter s\u00FCdlich um den Harz herum."@de . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062F\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0628\u062F\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064A \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064A\u0629. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0622\u062E\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u063A\u0629 \u062C\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062C\u0644 \u0627\u062D\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062D\u0644 \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0648\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A."@ar . "PGmc, Common Germanic"@en . . . "O protogerm\u00E2nico, tamb\u00E9m chamado de germ\u00E2nico comum ou primitivo, \u00E9 a protol\u00EDngua ancestral comum hipot\u00E9tica de todas as l\u00EDnguas germ\u00E2nicas tais como o moderno ingl\u00EAs, holand\u00EAs, alem\u00E3o, dinamarqu\u00EAs, noruegu\u00EAs, island\u00EAs, fero\u00EAs e sueco. Descende do protoindo-europeu.N\u00E3o existem textos sobreviventes no protogerm\u00E2nico, a l\u00EDngua foi reconstru\u00EDda. Entretanto, algumas poucas inscri\u00E7\u00F5es sobreviventes na escrita r\u00FAnica da Escandin\u00E1via datadas de ca. 200 parecem mostrar um est\u00E1gio da l\u00EDngua proton\u00F3rdica ou, segundo , seguindo imediatamente o est\u00E1gio de \"protogerm\u00E2nico\"."@pt . . . "La lingua proto-germanica, nota anche come la lingua germanica, \u00E8 la lingua considerata come antenata comune di tutte le lingue germaniche."@it . "Aitzingermaniko"@eu . . . . . . . "202353"^^ . . . "Urgermanska \u00E4r ett rekonstruerat spr\u00E5k sammansatt utifr\u00E5n de germanska spr\u00E5kens \u00E4ldsta skriftligt belagda former. Det anses av spr\u00E5khistoriker ha varit den gemensamma basen och utg\u00E5ngspunkten f\u00F6r dessa spr\u00E5ks utveckling. De germanska spr\u00E5kens \u00E4ldsta bel\u00E4gg \u00E4r fr\u00E5n de f\u00F6rsta \u00E5rhundradena e.Kr., d\u00E5 de redan var olika varandra. Splittringen av det urgermanska spr\u00E5ket i dialekter som ledde till dessa spr\u00E5k m\u00E5ste d\u00E4rf\u00F6r ha \u00E4gt rum hundratals \u00E5r f\u00F6re v\u00E5r tider\u00E4knings b\u00F6rjan."@sv . "Urgermanisch (auch Protogermanisch) nennt man die hypothetische Vorl\u00E4ufersprache aller germanischen Sprachen, gewisserma\u00DFen die Ursprache der germanischen Sprachfamilie, zu der neben anderen die heutigen Sprachen Deutsch, Englisch, Niederl\u00E4ndisch und Schwedisch z\u00E4hlen. Es entwickelte sich m\u00F6glicherweise im 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr., sp\u00E4testens im 1. Jahrtausend grob rund um die westliche Ostsee, nach anderen Quellen etwas weiter s\u00FCdlich um den Harz herum."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . "El protogerm\u00E1nico (o germ\u00E1nico com\u00FAn) es el ancestro com\u00FAn hipot\u00E9tico (protolengua) de todas las lenguas germ\u00E1nicas, que incluyen, entre otras, el ingl\u00E9s moderno, el neerland\u00E9s y el alem\u00E1n. La lengua protogerm\u00E1nica no es directamente confirmada por ning\u00FAn texto pero ha sido reconstruida por medio de m\u00E9todos comparativos. Solo se han encontrado unas pocas inscripciones r\u00FAnicas en Escandinavia datadas de ca. 200 a. C. que se piensan que representan una etapa del proton\u00F3rdico inmediatamente posterior al protogerm\u00E1nico. Algunas palabras tomadas prestadas del germ\u00E1nico temprano que exist\u00EDan en lenguas no germ\u00E1nicas vecinas se cree que fueron tomadas del protogerm\u00E1nico; un ejemplo es en fin\u00E9s y estonio la palabra kuningas \"rey\", que es similar a la palabra reconstruida del protogerm\u00E1nico *kuningaz. El protogerm\u00E1nico es una lengua descendiente del protoindoeuropeo. Pose\u00EDa solamente dos tiempos verbales (pasado y presente), en comparaci\u00F3n con los seis o siete tiempos del griego, lat\u00EDn y s\u00E1nscrito. Parte de esta diferencia es debida a la deflexi\u00F3n caracterizada por la p\u00E9rdida de tiempos del presente en el protoindoeuropeo, por ejemplo el pret\u00E9rito perfecto. Sin embargo, muchos de los tiempos verbales de otras lenguas parecen ser innovaciones separadas en cada una de ellas."@es . . . . "Proto-Germanic (abbreviated PGmc; also called Common Germanic) is the reconstructed proto-language of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages. Proto-Germanic eventually developed from pre-Proto-Germanic into three Germanic branches during the fifth century BC to fifth century AD: West Germanic, East Germanic and North Germanic, which however remained in contact over a considerable time, especially the Ingvaeonic languages (including English), which arose from West Germanic dialects and remained in continued contact with North Germanic. A defining feature of Proto-Germanic is the completion of the process described by Grimm's law, a set of sound changes that occurred between its status as a dialect of Proto-Indo-European and its gradual divergence into a separate language. As it is probable that the development of this sound shift spanned a considerable time (several centuries), Proto-Germanic cannot adequately be reconstructed as a simple node in a tree model but rather represents a phase of development that may span close to a thousand years. The end of the Common Germanic period is reached with the beginning of the Migration Period in the fourth century. The alternative term \"Germanic parent language\" may be used to include a larger scope of linguistic developments, spanning the Nordic Bronze Age and Pre-Roman Iron Age in Northern Europe (second to first millennia BC) to include \"Pre-Germanic\" (PreGmc), \"Early Proto Germanic\" (EPGmc) and \"Late Proto-Germanic\" (LPGmc). While Proto-Germanic refers only to the reconstruction of the most recent common ancestor of Germanic languages, the Germanic parent language refers to the entire journey that the dialect of Proto-Indo-European that would become Proto-Germanic underwent through the millennia. The Proto-Germanic language is not directly attested by any coherent surviving texts; it has been reconstructed using the comparative method. However, there is fragmentary direct attestation of (late) Proto-Germanic in early runic inscriptions (specifically the second-century AD Vimose inscriptions and the second-century BC Negau helmet inscription), and in Roman Empire era transcriptions of individual words (notably in Tacitus' Germania, c. AD 90)."@en . . . . . . . . . . "\u041F\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A"@ru . . . . . "Indo-European"@en . . "\u041F\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0301\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0301\u0432\u0430, \u0456\u043D\u043E\u0434\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u2014 \u0433\u0456\u043F\u043E\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0439\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0430-\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u043A \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u043E\u0432."@uk . . . . . . . "1124602801"^^ . "\u041F\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0301\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0301\u0432\u0430, \u0456\u043D\u043E\u0434\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u2014 \u0433\u0456\u043F\u043E\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0439\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0430-\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u043A \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u043E\u0432."@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Protogerm\u00E0nic"@ca . . . . . .