. . "45881165"^^ . . . . . . . . "Rainer W.G. Gruessner (born 1957) is a German-born American general surgeon and transplant surgeon, most noted as a surgical pioneer for his clinical and research innovations. Gruessner was the first transplant surgeon to perform all types of abdominal transplants (kidney, liver, pancreas and intestine) from living donors. He was also the first surgeon to describe a standardized technique for intestinal (bowel) transplantation from a living donor and then performed it successfully in 1997. He was the first surgeon to perform a combined laparoscopic removal of a portion of the pancreas and a kidney that were successfully transplanted simultaneously into a diabetic patient with end-stage renal disease. In 1998, Gruessner performed the first preemptive liver transplant from a living donor in an infant with oxalosis. In 2012, he and his team performed the first fully robotic removal of the pancreas and simultaneous islet transplant in a patient with chronic pancreatitis. Gruessner was a member of the team that performed the world's first split pancreas transplant and the world's first pancreas allotransplant after complete removal of a patient's native pancreas (both in 1988). He was involved in the development of transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) techniques and conducted the first prospective study in 1989 that demonstrated the superiority of ultrasound in comparison to peritoneal lavage in the diagnosis of blunt abdominal trauma. In the 1990s, he was the first to confirm in large clinical studies the efficacy of new immunosuppressive drugs after pancreas transplantation. Gruessner's basic-science research has focused on different techniques of donor cell augmentation for tolerance induction after transplantation and on different rejection patterns in single versus combined transplants. In 2015, he and his team showed that 25 years of organ transplantation in the U.S. saved 2.2 million years of life in patients with end-stage organ failure."@en . "11516"^^ . . . . . . . . . "Rainer Gruessner"@en . "Rainer W.G. Gruessner (born 1957) is a German-born American general surgeon and transplant surgeon, most noted as a surgical pioneer for his clinical and research innovations. Gruessner was the first transplant surgeon to perform all types of abdominal transplants (kidney, liver, pancreas and intestine) from living donors."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1118213377"^^ . . . . .