. . "Red brick (ou redbrick, \"tijolo vermelho\", em ingl\u00EAs) \u00E9 um termo informal utilizado para designar as seis princicpais universidades particulares do Reino Unido, localizadas nas principais cidades industriais do pa\u00EDs."@pt . . . . . . . "\u7EA2\u7816\u5927\u5B66\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Ared brick university\uFF09\uFF0C\u662F\u6307\u806F\u5408\u738B\u570B\u65BC\u5341\u4E5D\u4E16\u7D00\u672B\u81F3\u4E8C\u5341\u4E16\u7EAA\u4E2D\u8449\uFF0C\u5728\u82F1\u683C\u862D\uFF08\u4E0D\u5305\u62EC\u5A01\u723E\u58EB\u3001\u8607\u683C\u862D\u3001\u5317\u611B\u723E\u862D\u548C\u6D77\u5916\u6B96\u6C11\u5730\uFF09\u7684\u4E3B\u8981\u5DE5\u4E1A\u57CE\u5E02\u8A2D\u7ACB\u7684\u4E5D\u6240\u57CE\u5E02\u5927\u5B66\uFF08civic universities\uFF09\u3002\u300C\u7D05\u78DA\u5927\u5B78\u300D\u9019\u500B\u540D\u8A5E\u662F\u5229\u7269\u6D66\u5927\u5B78\u6559\u6388\u63D0\u51FA\u7684\u6982\u5FF5\uFF0C\u9867\u540D\u601D\u7FA9\u5C31\u662F\u6307\u7D05\u78DA\u6821\u820D\u5EFA\u7BC9\uFF0C\u800C\u7D05\u78DA\u9762\u7684\u5229\u7269\u6D66\u5927\u5B78\u7DAD\u591A\u5229\u4E9E\u5927\u5EC8\u6B63\u662F\u9019\u8A5E\u7684\u6839\u6E90\u3002 \u82F1\u683C\u862D\u7D05\u78DA\u5927\u5B78\u6700\u521D\u7686\u70BA\u79D1\u5B78\u6216\u6280\u8853\u985E\u9AD8\u7B49\u9662\u6821\uFF0C\u5B83\u5011\u7684\u6210\u7ACB\u904E\u7A0B\u53CA\u767C\u5C55\u53F2\uFF0C\u8207\u82F1\u683C\u862D\u5927\u57CE\u5E02\u7684\u767C\u5C55\u6709\u5BC6\u5207\u95DC\u4FC2\u3002\u7D05\u78DA\u5927\u5B78\u7684\u5192\u8D77\u662F\u82F1\u570B\u4EBA\u53E3\u548C\u7D93\u6FDF\u589E\u9577\u7684\u7522\u7269\uFF0C\u5370\u8B49\u4E86\u82F1\u570B\u793E\u6703\u9AD8\u901F\u767C\u5C55\u7684\u6642\u4EE3\u3002 \u5728\u7D05\u78DA\u5927\u5B78\u65BC\u4E8C\u5341\u4E16\u7D00\u521D\u5206\u5225\u63A5\u53D7\u7687\u5BB6\u61B2\u7AE0\u800C\u7372\u5F97\u5927\u5B78\u5730\u4F4D\u4EE5\u524D\uFF0C\u82F1\u683C\u862D\u53EA\u5B58\u5728\u4E94\u6240\u5927\u5B78\uFF0C\u5B83\u5011\u5206\u5225\u662F\uFF1A\u725B\u6D25\u5927\u5B78\u3001\u528D\u6A4B\u5927\u5B78\u3001\u502B\u6566\u5927\u5B78\u3001\u675C\u502B\u5927\u5B78\u548C\u7DAD\u591A\u5229\u4E9E\u5927\u5B78\uFF08\u66FC\u5FB9\u65AF\u7279\u5927\u5B78\u524D\u8EAB\uFF09\uFF0C\u7576\u4E2D\u502B\u6566\u548C\u675C\u502B\u9019\u5169\u6240\u5927\u5B78\u5C6C\u65BC\u300C\u524D\u7DAD\u591A\u5229\u4E9E\u6642\u671F\u5927\u5B78\u300D\uFF08pre-Victorian\uFF09\uFF0C\u725B\u6D25\u548C\u528D\u6A4B\u9019\u5169\u6240\u5927\u5B78\u70BA\u300C\u53E4\u5178\u5927\u5B78\u300D\u3002\u7D05\u78DA\u5927\u5B78\u7684\u51FA\u73FE\u4F7F\u82F1\u570B\u9AD8\u7B49\u6559\u80B2\u8F03\u4EE5\u5F80\u666E\u53CA\uFF0C\u4F46\u4F9D\u7136\u662F\u4E00\u500B\u7CBE\u82F1\u7CFB\u7D71\u3002\u57281963\u5E74\u767C\u8868\u7684\u7F85\u8CD3\u65AF\u5831\u544A\uFF08Robbins Report\uFF09\u4E2D\u5F97\u51FA\u7D50\u8AD6\uFF0C\u7576\u6642\u82F1\u570B\u53EA\u6709\u4E0D\u5230 10% \u7684\u96E2\u6821\u751F\u9032\u5165\u9AD8\u7B49\u6559\u80B2\u3002\u6709\u4EBA\u5EFA\u8B70\u64F4\u5927\u9AD8\u7B49\u6559\u80B2\u898F\u6A21\uFF0C\u6240\u6709\u6280\u8853\u5B78\u6821\u90FD\u61C9\u7372\u5F97\u5927\u5B78\u5730\u4F4D\uFF0C\u624D\u6709\u4E86\u5F8C\u4F86\u300C\u5E73\u677F\u73BB\u7483\u5927\u5B66\u300D\u7684\u51FA\u73FE\u3002 \u4E5D\u6240\u7EA2\u7816\u5927\u5B66\uFF0C\u5206\u5225\u662F\uFF1A \n* \u4F2F\u660E\u7FF0\u5927\u5B66\uFF08\u65BC1900\u5E74\u63A5\u53D7\u7687\u5BB6\u61B2\u7AE0\uFF0C\u6210\u70BA\u5927\u5B78\uFF09\uFF0C\u4F4D\u65BC\u806F\u5408\u738B\u570B\u7B2C\u4E09\u5927\u90FD\u6703\u5340\u897F\u7C73\u5FB7\u862D\uFF0C\u6240\u5728\u57CE\u5E02\u4F2F\u660E\u7FF0\u70BA\u806F\u5408\u738B\u570B\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5927\u57CE\u3002 \n* \u5229\u7269\u6D66\u5927\u5B66\uFF08\u65BC1903\u5E74\u63A5\u53D7\u7687\u5BB6\u61B2\u7AE0\uFF0C\u4EE5\u5F80\u96B8\u5C6C\u65BC\u7DAD\u591A\u5229\u4E9E\u5927\u5B78\uFF09\uFF0C\u4F4D\u65BC\u806F\u5408\u738B\u570B\u6E2F\u53E3\u57CE\u5E02\u3001\u7B2C\u516D\u5927\u90FD\u6703\u5340\u5229\u7269\u6D66\u3002 \n* \u66FC\u5F7B\u65AF\u7279\u5927\u5B66\uFF08\u65BC1880\u5E74\u4EE5\u7DAD\u591A\u5229\u4E9E\u5927\u5B78 Victoria University \u4E4B\u540D\u6210\u70BA\u5927\u5B78\uFF0C\u65BC1904\u5E74\u63A5\u53D7\u7687\u5BB6\u61B2\u7AE0\uFF09\uFF0C\u4F4D\u65BC\u806F\u5408\u738B\u570B\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5927\u90FD\u6703\u5340\u66FC\u5F7B\u65AF\u7279\u3002 \n* \u5229\u5179\u5927\u5B66\uFF08\u65BC1904\u5E74\u63A5\u53D7\u7687\u5BB6\u61B2\u7AE0\uFF0C\u4EE5\u5F80\u96B8\u5C6C\u65BC\u7DAD\u591A\u5229\u4E9E\u5927\u5B78\uFF09\uFF0C\u4F4D\u65BC\u806F\u5408\u738B\u570B\u7B2C\u56DB\u5927\u90FD\u6703\u5340\u897F\u7D04\u514B\u90E1\uFF0C\u6240\u5728\u57CE\u5E02\u5229\u5179\u70BA\u806F\u5408\u738B\u570B\u7B2C\u4E09\u5927\u57CE\u3002 \n* \u8C22\u83F2\u5C14\u5FB7\u5927\u5B66\uFF08\u65BC1905\u5E74\u63A5\u53D7\u7687\u5BB6\u61B2\u7AE0\uFF0C\u6210\u70BA\u5927\u5B78\uFF09 \n* \u5E03\u91CC\u65AF\u6258\u5927\u5B66\uFF08\u65BC1909\u5E74\u63A5\u53D7\u7687\u5BB6\u61B2\u7AE0\uFF0C\u6210\u70BA\u5927\u5B78\uFF09 \n* \u96F7\u4E01\u5927\u5B66\uFF08\u65BC1926\u5E74\u6210\u70BA\u5927\u5B78\uFF09 \n* \u8BFA\u4E01\u6C49\u5927\u5B66\uFF08\u65BC1948\u5E74\u6210\u70BA\u5927\u5B78\uFF09 \n* \u7EBD\u5361\u65AF\u5C14\u5927\u5B66\uFF08\u65BC1963\u5E74\u6210\u70BA\u5927\u5B78\uFF09"@zh . "De term red brick-universiteit (Engels: redbrick university; Nederlands: rodebaksteenuniversiteit) is een informele benaming die gebruikt wordt voor zes universiteiten die opgericht werden in de grote industri\u00EBle steden van Engeland. Elk van deze universiteiten verwierven hun universiteitsstatus voor de Eerste Wereldoorlog en werden aanvankelijk opgericht als wetenschappelijke en/of ingenieurshogescholen. Het gaat met name over de universiteiten van Birmingham, Liverpool, Leeds, Sheffield, Bristol en Manchester. In het begin verwees de term naar deze op dat moment nieuwe onderwijsinstellingen. Vandaar dat ze door de oude universiteiten pejoratief als zogenaamde arrivisten of werden beschouwd. Sindsdien werd deze omschrijving niet meer in die zin in gebruik genomen na de opkomst van zogenaamde plate glass-universiteiten in de jaren zestig met hun moderne architectuur en de herstructurering van verscheidene polytechnische scholen in 1992. De zes onderwijsinstellingen zijn lid van de Russellgroep waarmee ze twee derden van alle onderzoeksgeld ontvangen in het Verenigd Koninkrijk. De term \"red brick\" of \"redbrick\" werd voor het eerst gelanceerd door , een professor Spaans aan de Universiteit van Liverpool. Onder het pseudoniem \"Bruce Truscot\" gebruikte hij het in zijn boek Redbrick University (1943) om deze burgerlijke universiteiten te beschrijven. Deze verwijzing werd ge\u00EFnspireerd door het feit dat het Victoria-gebouw van de Universiteit van Liverpool gebouwd werd met een opvallende rode baksteen versierd met ornamenten in terracotta. De architect ontwierp ook de grote hal van de Universiteit van Leeds, nog voor zijn project aan de universiteit van Liverpool. Hoe dan ook werd deze hal pas twee jaar na het Victoria-gebouw afgewerkt."@nl . . . 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\u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0432 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435 19-\u0433\u043E \u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u0435 20-\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u0432 \u043A\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0445, \u0442\u0435\u043F\u0435\u0440\u044C \u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0440\u043F\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438."@ru . . . "A red brick university (or redbrick university) was originally one of the nine civic universities founded in the major industrial cities of England in the 19th century. However, with the 1960s proliferation of universities and the reclassification of polytechnics in the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 as post-1992 universities, all British universities founded in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in major cities are now sometimes referred to as \"red brick\". Six of the original redbrick institutions, or their predecessor institutes, gained university status before World War I and were initially established as civic science or engineering colleges. Eight of the nine original institutions are members of the Russell Group. The next generation of university creation from the 1960s onward were termed plate glass universities."@en . "\u0423\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u044B \u0438\u0437 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u0438\u0440\u043F\u0438\u0447\u0430, \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u00AB\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0440\u043F\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u044B\u00BB (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Red Brick Universities) \u2014 \u043D\u0435\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D, \u043E\u0431\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F\u0443 \u0438\u0437 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0438\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0432 \u043A\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u044B\u0448\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0445. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u044D\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0443\u0437\u044B \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u044B \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043A\u043E\u043B\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0438\u043D\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0446\u0438\u043F\u043B\u0438\u043D, \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u043C\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B. \u0418\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043B \u043D\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0443\u044E \u043D\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0443\u044E \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043A\u0443, \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0443 \u044D\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u044B \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0438 \u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u043C\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0434\u044B\u043C\u0438, \u043D\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u044D\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0431\u044B\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0441\u044F, \u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u043A\u0430\u043A \u00AB\u0432\u044B\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0447\u043A\u0438\u00BB \u043F\u043E \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E \u0441\u043E \u00AB\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438\u00BB, \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E \u043F\u043E \u043C\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u044F\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0432 1960-\u0435 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u044B \u00AB\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043A\u043B\u0430\u00BB, \u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435 1992 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0430 \u00AB\u043D\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0432\u00BB \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0441\u044F \u0438\u0437 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043C\u0432\u043E\u043B "@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . "L'expression red brick university, parfois orthographi\u00E9e redbrick university (litt. \u00AB universit\u00E9 en briques rouges \u00BB) est une expression anglaise pour d\u00E9signer toute universit\u00E9 au Royaume-Uni fond\u00E9e entre le XIXe si\u00E8cle et le d\u00E9but du XXe si\u00E8cle et qui se distingue par une architecture ext\u00E9rieure en brique rouge."@fr . . . . . . "\u8D64\u30EC\u30F3\u30AC\u5927\u5B66\u7FA4"@ja . "\u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0645\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u0645\u0631"@ar . . . . . . . . . . "Red brick (ou redbrick, \"tijolo vermelho\", em ingl\u00EAs) \u00E9 um termo informal utilizado para designar as seis princicpais universidades particulares do Reino Unido, localizadas nas principais cidades industriais do pa\u00EDs."@pt . . . . "\uB808\uB4DC\uBE0C\uB9AD"@ko . . . . . . . . . . . "\u8D64\u30EC\u30F3\u30AC\u5927\u5B66\u7FA4 (\u82F1: Red Brick University, or Redbrick Universities) \u306F\u300119\u4E16\u7D00\u5F8C\u671F\u304B\u308920\u4E16\u7D00\u521D\u982D\u306B\u30ED\u30A4\u30E4\u30EB\u30FB\u30C1\u30E3\u30FC\u30BF\u30FC (\u52C5\u8A31\u72B6)\u3092\u53D7\u3051\u305F9\u5927\u5B66\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "24606"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Red brick university"@fr . . . "\u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0645\u064A\u062F (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u064A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062A \u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062A \u062E\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062A\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0627\u060C \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062D\u0627\u0632\u062A \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060C \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0628\u062F\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0627\u062A \u0644\u062A\u0639\u0644\u064A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648/\u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F\u0633\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0642\u062F \u062A\u0645\u062A \u0635\u064A\u0627\u063A\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u062C\u062F\u064A\u062F\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u060C \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0644\u064A \u0627\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0631\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062D\u062F\u062B\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0642\u062F \u062A\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062A\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064A \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u062A\u0635\u0646\u064A\u0641 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1992\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062A\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062A (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u062A\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u062B\u0644\u062B\u064A \u062C\u0645\u064A\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062D \u062A\u0645\u0648\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062D\u0648\u062B \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629)."@ar . . . . . . . "L'expression red brick university, parfois orthographi\u00E9e redbrick university (litt. \u00AB universit\u00E9 en briques rouges \u00BB) est une expression anglaise pour d\u00E9signer toute universit\u00E9 au Royaume-Uni fond\u00E9e entre le XIXe si\u00E8cle et le d\u00E9but du XXe si\u00E8cle et qui se distingue par une architecture ext\u00E9rieure en brique rouge."@fr . "De term red brick-universiteit (Engels: redbrick university; Nederlands: rodebaksteenuniversiteit) is een informele benaming die gebruikt wordt voor zes universiteiten die opgericht werden in de grote industri\u00EBle steden van Engeland. Elk van deze universiteiten verwierven hun universiteitsstatus voor de Eerste Wereldoorlog en werden aanvankelijk opgericht als wetenschappelijke en/of ingenieurshogescholen. Het gaat met name over de universiteiten van Birmingham, Liverpool, Leeds, Sheffield, Bristol en Manchester. In het begin verwees de term naar deze op dat moment nieuwe onderwijsinstellingen. Vandaar dat ze door de oude universiteiten pejoratief als zogenaamde arrivisten of werden beschouwd. Sindsdien werd deze omschrijving niet meer in die zin in gebruik genomen na de opkomst van zogena"@nl . "\uB808\uB4DC \uBE0C\uB9AD \uB300\uD559\uAD50(Red Brick Universities)\uB294 \uC0B0\uC5C5 \uD601\uBA85 \uB2F9\uC2DC \uC2DC\uBBFC \uC758\uC2DD\uC758 \uD5A5\uC0C1\uACFC \uC2E4\uC6A9 \uD559\uBB38\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC218\uC694\uC758 \uC99D\uAC00\uB85C 19\uC138\uAE30 \uC601\uAD6D \uC8FC\uC694 \uC0B0\uC5C5\uB3C4\uC2DC\uC5D0 \uC138\uC6CC\uC9C4 6\uAC1C \uB300\uD559\uC744 \uC9C0\uCE6D\uD558\uBA70, \uBAA8\uB450 \uC804\uC2E0\uC740 \uC2DC\uBBFC\uB4E4\uC774 \uC790\uCCB4\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC124\uB9BD\uD588\uB358 \uACFC\uD559/\uACF5\uD559 \uCE7C\uB9AC\uC9C0\uC600\uB2E4. \uB808\uB4DC \uBE0C\uB9AD\uC774\uB780 \uBA85\uCE6D\uC740 \"\uBD89\uC740 \uBCBD\uB3CC\"\uC774\uB780 \uC758\uBBF8\uB85C \uB300\uD559\uB4E4\uC774 \uC124\uB9BD\uB2F9\uC2DC\uC778 \uBE45\uD1A0\uB9AC\uC544 \uC2DC\uB300\uD48D\uC758 \uBD89\uC740 \uBCBD\uB3CC\uB85C \uC9C0\uC5B4\uC9C4 \uAC74\uBB3C\uC774 \uB9CE\uC544 \uBD99\uC5EC\uC9C4 \uBCC4\uCE6D\uC774\uB2E4. \uC9C0\uAE08\uC740 \uBAA8\uB450 \uC138\uACC4\uC801\uC778 \uBA85\uBB38\uB300\uD559\uC73C\uB85C \uC131\uC7A5\uD558\uC600\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC124\uB9BD \uB2F9\uC2DC\uB9CC \uD574\uB3C4 \uAE30\uC874 \uB300\uD559\uB4E4\uC758 \uC2DC\uC120\uC774 \uC88B\uC9C0 \uBABB\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. 11~13\uC138\uAE30\uC5D0 \uC124\uB9BD\uB418\uC5B4 \uC911\uC138 \uB300\uD559(Ancient Universities)\uC774\uB77C \uBD88\uB9AC\uB294 \uC625\uC2A4\uD37C\uB4DC \uB300\uD559\uACFC \uCF00\uC784\uBE0C\uB9AC\uC9C0 \uB300\uD559\uC740 \uC0B0\uC5C5\uD601\uBA85\uC758 \uC601\uD5A5\uC73C\uB85C \uAC11\uC791\uC2A4\uB808 \uB4F1\uC7A5\uD55C \uC774\uB4E4 \uB300\uD559\uC744 \uD0D0\uD0C1\uCE58 \uC54A\uAC8C \uC5EC\uACA8 \uC774\uB4E4\uC744 \"\uBCBC\uB77D\uCD9C\uC138\uC790\"\uB77C\uB294 \uBCC4\uBA85\uC73C\uB85C \uBD80\uB974\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC 1960\uB144\uB300 \uCF58\uD06C\uB9AC\uD2B8 \uBE4C\uB529\uACFC \uB113\uC740 \uD604\uB300\uC2DD \uCC3D\uC744 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD55C \uAC74\uBB3C\uB4E4\uB85C \uC774\uB904\uC9C4 \uC77C\uBA85 \"\uD3C9\uBA74\uCC3D \uB300\uD559(Plate Glass University)\"\uC774\uB77C \uBD88\uB9AC\uB294 \uC2E0\uC124\uB300\uD559\uB4E4\uC758 \uB4F1\uC7A5\uACFC, 1992\uB144 70\uC5EC\uAC1C\uC5D0 \uB2EC\uD558\uB294 \uACF5\uC5C5\uAE30\uC220\uD559\uAD50\uB4E4\uC774 \uB300\uAC70 \uC885\uD569\uB300\uD559\uC73C\uB85C \uC2B9\uACA9\uC744 \uD558\uBA74\uC11C \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uD45C\uD604\uC740 \uC644\uC804\uD788 \uC0AC\uB77C\uC84C\uB2E4. \uB9AC\uBC84\uD480 \uB300\uD559\uAD50\uC640 \uBC84\uBC0D\uC5C4 \uB300\uD559\uAD50\uC911 \uB204\uAC00 \uB808\uB4DC \uBE0C\uB9AD \uB300\uD559\uAD50\uC758 \uC2DC\uCD08\uC778 \uC9C0\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uB17C\uB780\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBC84\uBC0D\uC5C4 \uB300\uD559\uAD50\uCE21\uC740 \uC790\uC2E0\uB4E4\uC774 3\uB144 \uC55E\uC11C \uC655\uC2E4\uC758 \uC778\uAC00\uB97C \uBC1B\uC558\uACE0, \uBD89\uC740 Accrington \uBE4C\uB529\uC774 \uB808\uB4DC \uBE0C\uB9AD \uB300\uD559\uAD50\uB97C \uC0C1\uC9D5\uD55C\uB2E4\uACE0 \uC8FC\uC7A5\uD55C\uB2E4. \uBC18\uBA74 \uB9AC\uBC84\uD480 \uB300\uD559\uAD50\uC758 \uC8FC\uC7A5\uC5D0 \uB530\uB974\uBA74 \uC18C\uC18D \uC2A4\uD398\uC778\uC5B4\uACFC \uAD50\uC218\uC778 \uC5D0\uB4DC\uAC00 \uD53C\uC5B4\uC2A4\uAC00 \uCC98\uC74C\uC73C\uB85C \"\uB808\uB4DC \uBE0C\uB9AD \uB300\uD559\uAD50\"\uB77C\uB294 \uD45C\uD604\uC744 \uADF8\uC758 \uC800\uC11C\uC5D0\uC11C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uC600\uC73C\uBA70, \uC790\uC2E0\uB4E4\uC758 \uBE45\uD1A0\uB9AC\uC544\uD48D \uBD89\uC740 \uAC74\uBB3C\uC778 Alfred Waterhouse\uAC74\uBB3C\uC774 \uB808\uB4DC \uBE0C\uB9AD \uB300\uD559\uAD50\uB97C \uC0C1\uC9D5\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC774\uB77C \uD55C\uB2E4."@ko . "\u8D64\u30EC\u30F3\u30AC\u5927\u5B66\u7FA4 (\u82F1: Red Brick University, or Redbrick Universities) \u306F\u300119\u4E16\u7D00\u5F8C\u671F\u304B\u308920\u4E16\u7D00\u521D\u982D\u306B\u30ED\u30A4\u30E4\u30EB\u30FB\u30C1\u30E3\u30FC\u30BF\u30FC (\u52C5\u8A31\u72B6)\u3092\u53D7\u3051\u305F9\u5927\u5B66\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . "\u0423\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u044B \u0438\u0437 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u0438\u0440\u043F\u0438\u0447\u0430"@ru . "Red brick university"@en . . . "83341"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uB808\uB4DC \uBE0C\uB9AD \uB300\uD559\uAD50(Red Brick Universities)\uB294 \uC0B0\uC5C5 \uD601\uBA85 \uB2F9\uC2DC \uC2DC\uBBFC \uC758\uC2DD\uC758 \uD5A5\uC0C1\uACFC \uC2E4\uC6A9 \uD559\uBB38\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC218\uC694\uC758 \uC99D\uAC00\uB85C 19\uC138\uAE30 \uC601\uAD6D \uC8FC\uC694 \uC0B0\uC5C5\uB3C4\uC2DC\uC5D0 \uC138\uC6CC\uC9C4 6\uAC1C \uB300\uD559\uC744 \uC9C0\uCE6D\uD558\uBA70, \uBAA8\uB450 \uC804\uC2E0\uC740 \uC2DC\uBBFC\uB4E4\uC774 \uC790\uCCB4\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC124\uB9BD\uD588\uB358 \uACFC\uD559/\uACF5\uD559 \uCE7C\uB9AC\uC9C0\uC600\uB2E4. \uB808\uB4DC \uBE0C\uB9AD\uC774\uB780 \uBA85\uCE6D\uC740 \"\uBD89\uC740 \uBCBD\uB3CC\"\uC774\uB780 \uC758\uBBF8\uB85C \uB300\uD559\uB4E4\uC774 \uC124\uB9BD\uB2F9\uC2DC\uC778 \uBE45\uD1A0\uB9AC\uC544 \uC2DC\uB300\uD48D\uC758 \uBD89\uC740 \uBCBD\uB3CC\uB85C \uC9C0\uC5B4\uC9C4 \uAC74\uBB3C\uC774 \uB9CE\uC544 \uBD99\uC5EC\uC9C4 \uBCC4\uCE6D\uC774\uB2E4. \uC9C0\uAE08\uC740 \uBAA8\uB450 \uC138\uACC4\uC801\uC778 \uBA85\uBB38\uB300\uD559\uC73C\uB85C \uC131\uC7A5\uD558\uC600\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC124\uB9BD \uB2F9\uC2DC\uB9CC \uD574\uB3C4 \uAE30\uC874 \uB300\uD559\uB4E4\uC758 \uC2DC\uC120\uC774 \uC88B\uC9C0 \uBABB\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. 11~13\uC138\uAE30\uC5D0 \uC124\uB9BD\uB418\uC5B4 \uC911\uC138 \uB300\uD559(Ancient Universities)\uC774\uB77C \uBD88\uB9AC\uB294 \uC625\uC2A4\uD37C\uB4DC \uB300\uD559\uACFC \uCF00\uC784\uBE0C\uB9AC\uC9C0 \uB300\uD559\uC740 \uC0B0\uC5C5\uD601\uBA85\uC758 \uC601\uD5A5\uC73C\uB85C \uAC11\uC791\uC2A4\uB808 \uB4F1\uC7A5\uD55C \uC774\uB4E4 \uB300\uD559\uC744 \uD0D0\uD0C1\uCE58 \uC54A\uAC8C \uC5EC\uACA8 \uC774\uB4E4\uC744 \"\uBCBC\uB77D\uCD9C\uC138\uC790\"\uB77C\uB294 \uBCC4\uBA85\uC73C\uB85C \uBD80\uB974\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC 1960\uB144\uB300 \uCF58\uD06C\uB9AC\uD2B8 \uBE4C\uB529\uACFC \uB113\uC740 \uD604\uB300\uC2DD \uCC3D\uC744 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD55C \uAC74\uBB3C\uB4E4\uB85C \uC774\uB904\uC9C4 \uC77C\uBA85 \"\uD3C9\uBA74\uCC3D \uB300\uD559(Plate Glass University)\"\uC774\uB77C \uBD88\uB9AC\uB294 \uC2E0\uC124\uB300\uD559\uB4E4\uC758 \uB4F1\uC7A5\uACFC, 1992\uB144 70\uC5EC\uAC1C\uC5D0 \uB2EC\uD558\uB294 \uACF5\uC5C5\uAE30\uC220\uD559\uAD50\uB4E4\uC774 \uB300\uAC70 \uC885\uD569\uB300\uD559\uC73C\uB85C \uC2B9\uACA9\uC744 \uD558\uBA74\uC11C \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uD45C\uD604\uC740 \uC644\uC804\uD788 \uC0AC\uB77C\uC84C\uB2E4."@ko . "1119349483"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "\u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0645\u064A\u062F (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u064A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062A \u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062A \u062E\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062A\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0627\u060C \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062D\u0627\u0632\u062A \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060C \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0628\u062F\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0627\u062A \u0644\u062A\u0639\u0644\u064A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648/\u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F\u0633\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0642\u062F \u062A\u0645\u062A \u0635\u064A\u0627\u063A\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u062C\u062F\u064A\u062F\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u060C \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0644\u064A \u0627\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0631\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062D\u062F\u062B\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0642\u062F \u062A\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062A\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064A \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u062A\u0635\u0646\u064A\u0641 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1992\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062A\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062A (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u062A\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u062B\u0644\u062B\u064A \u062C\u0645\u064A\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062D \u062A\u0645\u0648\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062D\u0648\u062B \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629)."@ar . . "\u7EA2\u7816\u5927\u5B66"@zh . . . . . . . . . . "Red brick"@pt . . . . "Red brick-universiteit"@nl . . . . . . . "\u7EA2\u7816\u5927\u5B66\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Ared brick university\uFF09\uFF0C\u662F\u6307\u806F\u5408\u738B\u570B\u65BC\u5341\u4E5D\u4E16\u7D00\u672B\u81F3\u4E8C\u5341\u4E16\u7EAA\u4E2D\u8449\uFF0C\u5728\u82F1\u683C\u862D\uFF08\u4E0D\u5305\u62EC\u5A01\u723E\u58EB\u3001\u8607\u683C\u862D\u3001\u5317\u611B\u723E\u862D\u548C\u6D77\u5916\u6B96\u6C11\u5730\uFF09\u7684\u4E3B\u8981\u5DE5\u4E1A\u57CE\u5E02\u8A2D\u7ACB\u7684\u4E5D\u6240\u57CE\u5E02\u5927\u5B66\uFF08civic universities\uFF09\u3002\u300C\u7D05\u78DA\u5927\u5B78\u300D\u9019\u500B\u540D\u8A5E\u662F\u5229\u7269\u6D66\u5927\u5B78\u6559\u6388\u63D0\u51FA\u7684\u6982\u5FF5\uFF0C\u9867\u540D\u601D\u7FA9\u5C31\u662F\u6307\u7D05\u78DA\u6821\u820D\u5EFA\u7BC9\uFF0C\u800C\u7D05\u78DA\u9762\u7684\u5229\u7269\u6D66\u5927\u5B78\u7DAD\u591A\u5229\u4E9E\u5927\u5EC8\u6B63\u662F\u9019\u8A5E\u7684\u6839\u6E90\u3002 \u82F1\u683C\u862D\u7D05\u78DA\u5927\u5B78\u6700\u521D\u7686\u70BA\u79D1\u5B78\u6216\u6280\u8853\u985E\u9AD8\u7B49\u9662\u6821\uFF0C\u5B83\u5011\u7684\u6210\u7ACB\u904E\u7A0B\u53CA\u767C\u5C55\u53F2\uFF0C\u8207\u82F1\u683C\u862D\u5927\u57CE\u5E02\u7684\u767C\u5C55\u6709\u5BC6\u5207\u95DC\u4FC2\u3002\u7D05\u78DA\u5927\u5B78\u7684\u5192\u8D77\u662F\u82F1\u570B\u4EBA\u53E3\u548C\u7D93\u6FDF\u589E\u9577\u7684\u7522\u7269\uFF0C\u5370\u8B49\u4E86\u82F1\u570B\u793E\u6703\u9AD8\u901F\u767C\u5C55\u7684\u6642\u4EE3\u3002 \u5728\u7D05\u78DA\u5927\u5B78\u65BC\u4E8C\u5341\u4E16\u7D00\u521D\u5206\u5225\u63A5\u53D7\u7687\u5BB6\u61B2\u7AE0\u800C\u7372\u5F97\u5927\u5B78\u5730\u4F4D\u4EE5\u524D\uFF0C\u82F1\u683C\u862D\u53EA\u5B58\u5728\u4E94\u6240\u5927\u5B78\uFF0C\u5B83\u5011\u5206\u5225\u662F\uFF1A\u725B\u6D25\u5927\u5B78\u3001\u528D\u6A4B\u5927\u5B78\u3001\u502B\u6566\u5927\u5B78\u3001\u675C\u502B\u5927\u5B78\u548C\u7DAD\u591A\u5229\u4E9E\u5927\u5B78\uFF08\u66FC\u5FB9\u65AF\u7279\u5927\u5B78\u524D\u8EAB\uFF09\uFF0C\u7576\u4E2D\u502B\u6566\u548C\u675C\u502B\u9019\u5169\u6240\u5927\u5B78\u5C6C\u65BC\u300C\u524D\u7DAD\u591A\u5229\u4E9E\u6642\u671F\u5927\u5B78\u300D\uFF08pre-Victorian\uFF09\uFF0C\u725B\u6D25\u548C\u528D\u6A4B\u9019\u5169\u6240\u5927\u5B78\u70BA\u300C\u53E4\u5178\u5927\u5B78\u300D\u3002\u7D05\u78DA\u5927\u5B78\u7684\u51FA\u73FE\u4F7F\u82F1\u570B\u9AD8\u7B49\u6559\u80B2\u8F03\u4EE5\u5F80\u666E\u53CA\uFF0C\u4F46\u4F9D\u7136\u662F\u4E00\u500B\u7CBE\u82F1\u7CFB\u7D71\u3002\u57281963\u5E74\u767C\u8868\u7684\u7F85\u8CD3\u65AF\u5831\u544A\uFF08Robbins Report\uFF09\u4E2D\u5F97\u51FA\u7D50\u8AD6\uFF0C\u7576\u6642\u82F1\u570B\u53EA\u6709\u4E0D\u5230 10% \u7684\u96E2\u6821\u751F\u9032\u5165\u9AD8\u7B49\u6559\u80B2\u3002\u6709\u4EBA\u5EFA\u8B70\u64F4\u5927\u9AD8\u7B49\u6559\u80B2\u898F\u6A21\uFF0C\u6240\u6709\u6280\u8853\u5B78\u6821\u90FD\u61C9\u7372\u5F97\u5927\u5B78\u5730\u4F4D\uFF0C\u624D\u6709\u4E86\u5F8C\u4F86\u300C\u5E73\u677F\u73BB\u7483\u5927\u5B66\u300D\u7684\u51FA\u73FE\u3002 \u4E5D\u6240\u7EA2\u7816\u5927\u5B66\uFF0C\u5206\u5225\u662F\uFF1A"@zh . . "A red brick university (or redbrick university) was originally one of the nine civic universities founded in the major industrial cities of England in the 19th century. However, with the 1960s proliferation of universities and the reclassification of polytechnics in the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 as post-1992 universities, all British universities founded in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in major cities are now sometimes referred to as \"red brick\". Six of the original redbrick institutions, or their predecessor institutes, gained university status before World War I and were initially established as civic science or engineering colleges. Eight of the nine original institutions are members of the Russell Group."@en . . .