. "Religion in the Soviet Union"@en . . 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"The Soviet Union was established by the Bolsheviks in 1922, in place of the Russian Empire. At the time of the 1917 Revolution, the Russian Orthodox Church was deeply integrated into the autocratic state, enjoying official status. This was a significant factor that contributed to the Bolshevik attitude to religion and the steps they took to control it.Thus the USSR became the first state to have as one objective of its official ideology the elimination of existing religion, and the prevention of future implanting of religious belief, with the goal of establishing state atheism (gosateizm)."@en . . . . . . . "A Uni\u00E3o Sovi\u00E9tica foi o primeiro estado a objetivar a elimina\u00E7\u00E3o completa da religi\u00E3o e sua substitui\u00E7\u00E3o pelo ate\u00EDsmo universal. O Estado comunista sovi\u00E9tico confiscou propriedades religiosas, promoveu amplamente o ate\u00EDsmo nas escolas, perseguiu crentes e investiu na ridiculariza\u00E7\u00E3o das religi\u00F5es. O confisco de bens religiosos apoiou-se principalmente em den\u00FAncias de ac\u00FAmulo ilegal de riqueza. O ate\u00EDsmo de Estado da Uni\u00E3o Sovi\u00E9tica era conhecido como gosateizm, e era baseado na ideologia do marxismo-leninismo. Como o fundador do Estado sovi\u00E9tico, L\u00EAnin declarou:"@pt . . . 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"Religi\u00F3n en la Uni\u00F3n Sovi\u00E9tica"@es . . . . . . . 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"1364162"^^ . . "\u0420\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044F \u0432 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Religi\u00E3o na Uni\u00E3o Sovi\u00E9tica"@pt . . . . . . . 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"\u0420\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044F \u0432 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F \u0432 \u0420\u0421\u0424\u0421\u0420 \u0438 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420, \u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434 \u0441 1918 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u043F\u043E 1991 \u0433\u043E\u0434. \u0410\u0442\u0435\u0438\u0437\u043C, \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043E\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044E \u043C\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0437\u0437\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u043D\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0447\u0438 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0437\u0433\u043B\u0430\u0448\u0451\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0432 \u0421\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0420\u043E\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0439\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0434\u043E 1988 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430, \u043A\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u043E\u0448\u043B\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0438 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043B\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043C\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044C \u0422\u044B\u0441\u044F\u0447\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043A\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0438. \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E \u0432\u044B\u0441\u043A\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u041B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u043E \u0431\u043E\u0440\u044C\u0431\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0439: \u00AB\u041C\u044B \u0434o\u043B\u0436\u043D\u044B \u0431o\u0440\u043E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0439. \u042D\u0442\u043E \u2014 \u0430\u0437\u0431\u0443\u043A\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043E \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430 \u0438, \u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E, \u043C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430. \u041D\u043E \u043C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0437\u043C \u043D\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043C, \u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u0430\u0437\u0431\u0443\u043A\u0435. \u041C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0437\u043C \u0438\u0434\u0451\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0435. \u041E\u043D \u0433\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0442: \u043D\u0430\u0434\u043E \u0443\u043C\u0435\u0442\u044C \u0431\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u0430 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u044D\u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0434\u043E \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438 \u043E\u0431\u044A\u044F\u0441\u043D\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u0438\u043A \u0432\u0435\u0440\u044B \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0443 \u043C\u0430\u0441\u0441\u00BB. \u041F\u043E\u043C\u0438\u043C\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043F\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0434\u044B \u0430\u0442\u0435\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430 (\u00AB\u043D\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043D\u043E-\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043C\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0437\u0437\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F\u00BB), \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0432 1920-\u0445 \u2014 1930-\u0445 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u043E\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043B\u044F\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u043C\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044B \u0438 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\u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u041D\u041A\u0412\u0414; \u0432\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439. \u0412\u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043C, \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043B\u0438\u043A\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043E\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0438 \u0438 \u043E\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438 (\u043A\u0430\u043A, \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440, \u044D\u0442\u043E \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043B\u043E \u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0432 \u0410\u043B\u0431\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438) \u0432 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 \u043D\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043D\u0435 \u0431\u044B\u043B\u043E, \u0430 \u0432 \u043E\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434\u044B \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043E\u043A\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E \u043D\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u043C \u0438\u0437 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043A\u0443, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044F \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u044B."@ru . . . "\u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u062A\u064A"@ar . . "Religi\u00F3 a la Uni\u00F3 Sovi\u00E8tica"@ca . . "L'Unione Sovietica fu il primo stato ad avere come obiettivo ideologico l'eliminazione totale della religione e la sua sostituzione con l'ateismo universale. Dopo la rivoluzione d'ottobre il regime comunista inizi\u00F2 a confiscare i beni religiosi delle varie chiese presenti in Russia, in particolar modo della Chiesa ortodossa. Successivamente inizi\u00F2 a perseguitare i credenti e inizi\u00F2 a propagandare nelle scuole l'ateismo e le varie scienze per dare agli studenti una visione materialista e scientifica del mondo.Molte chiese, moschee e sinagoghe vennero distrutte o adibite ad altri usi come uffici statali, scuole, ospedali e magazzini, mentre molti monasteri furono chiusi o convertiti a campi di prigionia, di cui il pi\u00F9 famoso \u00E8 il Monastero di Solovki, sulle isole Soloveckie, divenuto il gula"@it . "\u8607\u806F\u5B97\u6559"@zh . . . . "The Soviet Union was established by the Bolsheviks in 1922, in place of the Russian Empire. At the time of the 1917 Revolution, the Russian Orthodox Church was deeply integrated into the autocratic state, enjoying official status. This was a significant factor that contributed to the Bolshevik attitude to religion and the steps they took to control it.Thus the USSR became the first state to have as one objective of its official ideology the elimination of existing religion, and the prevention of future implanting of religious belief, with the goal of establishing state atheism (gosateizm). Under the doctrine of state atheism in the Soviet Union, there was a \"government-sponsored program of conversion to atheism\" conducted by Communists. The Communist government targeted religions based on State interests, and while most organized religions were never outlawed, religious property was confiscated, believers were harassed, and religion was ridiculed while atheism was propagated in schools. In 1925 the government founded the League of Militant Atheists to intensify the persecution. Accordingly, personal expressions of religious faith were not in any way privately banned, but a strong sense of social stigma was imposed on them by the official government structures and secular mass media, and it was generally considered unacceptable for members of certain government professions (teachers, state bureaucrats, soldiers) to be openly religious and anti-secular. The vast majority of people in the Russian Empire were, at the time of the revolution, religious believers, whereas the communists aimed to break the power of all religious institutions and eventually replace religious belief with atheism. \"Science\" was counterposed to \"religious superstition\" in the media and in academic writing. The main religions of pre-revolutionary Russia persisted throughout the entire Soviet period, but they were only tolerated within certain limits. Generally, this meant that believers were free to worship in private and in their respective religious buildings (churches, mosques, synagogues etc.), but public displays of religion outside of such designations were prohibited. In addition, religious institutions were not allowed to express their views in any type of mass media, and many religious buildings were demolished or used for other purposes. In the long run, state atheism failed to convert many people. Religion strengthened underground and was revived to help fight the Second World War. It flourished after the fall of Communism. Christians belonged to various denominations: Orthodox (which had the largest number of followers), Catholic, Baptist and various other Protestant denominations. The majority of the Muslims in the Soviet Union were Sunni, with the notable exception of Azerbaijan, which was majority Shia. Judaism also had many followers. Other religions, practiced by a small number of believers, included Buddhism and Shamanism."@en . . . "\u8607\u806F\u5B97\u6559\u662F\u6307\u8607\u806F\u6642\u671F\u8A72\u570B\u7684\u5B97\u6559\u72C0\u6CC1\u4EE5\u53CA\u8A72\u570B\u653F\u5E9C\u7684\u5B97\u6559\u653F\u7B56\u3002\u82CF\u8054\u5BF9\u5B97\u6559\u7684\u6001\u5EA6\u8F03\u70BA\u6D88\u6975\uFF0C\u8A72\u570B\u4E3B\u5F35\u56FD\u5BB6\u65E0\u795E\u8BBA\u4E26\u4E14\u8072\u7A31\u8981\u6D88\u706D\u73B0\u6709\u5B97\u6559\u548C\u4EE5\u53CA\u9632\u6B62\u5176\u4ED6\u5B97\u6559\u50B3\u5165\u8607\u806F\u3002 \u8607\u806F\u6642\u671F\u867D\u7136\u5927\u591A\u6570\u5B97\u6559\u4ECE\u672A\u76F4\u63A5\u53D6\u7F14\uFF0C\u7576\u5C40\u4E5F\u6C92\u6709\u76F4\u63A5\u4E0B\u4EE4\u5B97\u6559\u4FE1\u5F92\u4E0D\u51C6\u4FE1\u6559\uFF0C\u4F46\u8A31\u591A\u5B97\u6559\u7D44\u7E54\u7684\u8D22\u4EA7\u88AB\u6CA1\u6536\uFF0C\u4FE1\u5F92\u88AB\u7576\u5C40\u9A9A\u6270\uFF0C\u8607\u806F\u7576\u5C40\u5728\u5B66\u6821\u91CC\u5BA3\u4F20\u65E0\u795E\u8BBA\u4E26\u4E14\u5632\u7B11\u3001\u6B67\u8996\u90A3\u4E9B\u5B97\u6559\u4FE1\u773E\u3002\u5B97\u6559\u673A\u6784\u4E0D\u5F97\u4EE5\u4EFB\u4F55\u5F62\u5F0F\u5728\u5927\u4F17\u5A92\u4F53\u4E0A\u53D1\u8868\u610F\u89C1\u548C\u8A55\u8AD6\uFF0C\u8BB8\u591A\u5B97\u6559\u5EFA\u7B51\u4E5F\u88AB\u62C6\u9664\u6216\u632A\u4F5C\u4ED6\u7528\u3002 1925\u5E74\u8607\u806F\u7576\u5C40\u6210\u7ACB\u4E86\u6218\u6597\u65E0\u795E\u8BBA\u8005\u540C\u76DF\u9032\u4E00\u6B65\u8FEB\u5BB3\u5B97\u6559\u4FE1\u773E\u3002 \u8607\u806F\u7576\u5C40\u7981\u6B62\u653F\u5E9C\u5B98\u54E1\u3001\u6559\u5E08\u4EE5\u53CA\u8ECD\u4EBA\u4FE1\u4EF0\u5B97\u6559\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . "La Uni\u00F3n Sovi\u00E9tica fue un Estado ate\u00EDsta desde 1922 hasta su disoluci\u00F3n en 1991, en el cual la religi\u00F3n se prohibi\u00F3 y en gran medida fue perseguida.\u200B De acuerdo con diversas fuentes sovi\u00E9ticas y occidentales, m\u00E1s de un tercio de la poblaci\u00F3n del pa\u00EDs profesaba alguna creencia religiosa.\u200B Antes de su colapso a finales de 1991, las cifras oficiales sobre la religi\u00F3n en la Uni\u00F3n Sovi\u00E9tica no estaban disponibles."@es . . . . . . . . . . . . "La Uni\u00F3 Sovi\u00E8tica va ser el primer estat a tenir com a objectiu ideol\u00F2gic l'eliminaci\u00F3 de la religi\u00F3 i la seva substituci\u00F3 per l'ateisme com a objectiu fonamental ideol\u00F2gic de l'Estat. Amb aquesta finalitat, el r\u00E8gim comunista confisc\u00E0 les propietats eclesi\u00E0stiques, ridiculitz\u00E0 la religi\u00F3, persegu\u00ED els creients i propag\u00E0 l'ateisme a les escoles. L'ateisme estatal a la Uni\u00F3 Sovi\u00E8tica va ser conegut com a \"gosateizm, i es basava en el Marxisme-Leninisme. Abans del seu col\u00B7lapse a finals de 1991, no es podia disposar de les xifres oficials sobre la religi\u00F3 a la Uni\u00F3 Sovi\u00E8tica."@ca . . . . . . . . "\u0398\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u03A3\u03BF\u03B2\u03B9\u03B5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u0388\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7"@el . . . . . "La Uni\u00F3n Sovi\u00E9tica fue un Estado ate\u00EDsta desde 1922 hasta su disoluci\u00F3n en 1991, en el cual la religi\u00F3n se prohibi\u00F3 y en gran medida fue perseguida.\u200B De acuerdo con diversas fuentes sovi\u00E9ticas y occidentales, m\u00E1s de un tercio de la poblaci\u00F3n del pa\u00EDs profesaba alguna creencia religiosa.\u200B El cristianismo y el Islam ten\u00EDan la mayor\u00EDa de los creyentes. Los cristianos pertenec\u00EDan a diversas iglesias: ortodoxa, que tuvo el mayor n\u00FAmero de seguidores; cat\u00F3licos; y bautistas y varias otras denominaciones protestantes. La mayor\u00EDa de los fieles isl\u00E1micos fueron sun\u00EDes. El juda\u00EDsmo tambi\u00E9n ten\u00EDa muchos seguidores. Otras religiones, las cuales fueron practicadas por un n\u00FAmero relativamente peque\u00F1o de creyentes, inclu\u00EDan el budismo y chamanismo. El papel de la religi\u00F3n en la vida cotidiana de los ciudadanos sovi\u00E9ticos vari\u00F3 enormemente. Dos tercios de la poblaci\u00F3n sovi\u00E9tica, sin embargo, eran irreligiosos. Aproximadamente la mitad de la poblaci\u00F3n, incluidos miembros del gobernante partido comunista y funcionarios de alto nivel del gobierno, profesaban el ate\u00EDsmo. Para la mayor\u00EDa de los ciudadanos sovi\u00E9ticos la religi\u00F3n era irrelevante.\u200B Antes de su colapso a finales de 1991, las cifras oficiales sobre la religi\u00F3n en la Uni\u00F3n Sovi\u00E9tica no estaban disponibles."@es . . "\u0420\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0433\u0456\u044F \u0432 \u0421\u0420\u0421\u0420 \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u0456 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F \u0432 \u0420\u0420\u0424\u0421\u0420 \u0456 \u0421\u0420\u0421\u0420 (1918-1991). \u0410\u0442\u0435\u0457\u0437\u043C, \u044F\u043A \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043E\u0433\u043B\u044F\u0434, \u0449\u043E \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0443\u0454 \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0433\u0456\u044E, \u043D\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0447\u0438 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0432 \u0421\u0420\u0421\u0420 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0456\u0434\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0457, \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0456 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0434\u043E 1988 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443, \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044F \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0456 \u0456\u0434\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u043B\u0456\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043C\u0443, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0442\u043A\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044F \u0422\u0438\u0441\u044F\u0447\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F \u0445\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0456. \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043B\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u041B\u0435\u043D\u0456\u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u043E \u0431\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0442\u044C\u0431\u0443 \u0437 \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0433\u0456\u0454\u044E: \u00AB\u041C\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u0431\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0437 \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0433\u0456\u0454\u044E. \u0426\u0435 \u2014 \u0430\u0437\u0431\u0443\u043A\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u043C\u0443 \u0456, \u043E\u0442\u0436\u0435, \u043C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0443. \u0410\u043B\u0435 \u043C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0437\u043C \u043D\u0435 \u0454 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u043C\u043E\u043C, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0443\u043F\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u0435\u0442\u0446\u0456. \u041C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0437\u043C \u0439\u0434\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043B\u0456. \u0412\u0456\u043D \u043A\u0430\u0436\u0435: \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430 \u0432\u043C\u0456\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0437 \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0433\u0456\u0454\u044E, \u0430 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0446\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E \u043F\u043E\u044F\u0441\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043B\u043E \u0432\u0456\u0440\u0438 \u0456 \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u0443 \u043C\u0430\u0441\u00BB. \u041A\u0440\u0456\u043C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043F\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u0435\u0457\u0437\u043C\u0443 (\u00AB\u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E-\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043E\u0433\u043B\u044F\u0434\u0443\u00BB), \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0432 1920-\u0456 \u2014 1930-\u0456 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u043D\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044F \u043C\u0430\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u0430\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0442\u0438 \u0456 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0456 \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0433\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0456\u0432. \u0410\u0436 \u0434\u043E 1939 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u043B\u0456\u043A\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0433\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0430\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u044F\u0434\u043A\u0443 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0438, \u0437\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u041D\u041A\u0412\u0421, \u0437\u0433\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043C \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0433\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448 \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u044E. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043E\u043C \u0437 \u0442\u0438\u043C, \u043F\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043B\u0456\u043A\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0433\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044F \u0442\u0430 \u043E\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0433\u0456\u0457 (\u044F\u043A, \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434, \u0446\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043B\u043E \u0432 \u0410\u043B\u0431\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0457) \u0432 \u0421\u0420\u0421\u0420 \u043D\u0456\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438 \u043D\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043B\u043E, \u0430 \u0432 \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0456 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043E\u0434\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0454\u0457 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u043A\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0421\u0420\u0421\u0420 \u043D\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0442\u044C \u043D\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E \u0434\u0435\u044F\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0437 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0439 \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043C\u043A\u0443, \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u0443\u044E\u0447\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u0456\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0438."@uk . . . "\u0420\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0433\u0456\u044F \u0432 \u0421\u0420\u0421\u0420 \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u0456 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F \u0432 \u0420\u0420\u0424\u0421\u0420 \u0456 \u0421\u0420\u0421\u0420 (1918-1991). \u0410\u0442\u0435\u0457\u0437\u043C, \u044F\u043A \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043E\u0433\u043B\u044F\u0434, \u0449\u043E \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0443\u0454 \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0433\u0456\u044E, \u043D\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0447\u0438 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0432 \u0421\u0420\u0421\u0420 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0456\u0434\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0457, \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0456 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0434\u043E 1988 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443, \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044F \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0456 \u0456\u0434\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u043B\u0456\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043C\u0443, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0442\u043A\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044F \u0422\u0438\u0441\u044F\u0447\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F \u0445\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0456. \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043B\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u041B\u0435\u043D\u0456\u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u043E \u0431\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0442\u044C\u0431\u0443 \u0437 \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0433\u0456\u0454\u044E: \u00AB\u041C\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u0431\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0437 \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0433\u0456\u0454\u044E. \u0426\u0435 \u2014 \u0430\u0437\u0431\u0443\u043A\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u043C\u0443 \u0456, \u043E\u0442\u0436\u0435, \u043C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0443. \u0410\u043B\u0435 \u043C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0437\u043C \u043D\u0435 \u0454 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u043C\u043E\u043C, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0443\u043F\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u0435\u0442\u0446\u0456. \u041C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0437\u043C \u0439\u0434\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043B\u0456. \u0412\u0456\u043D \u043A\u0430\u0436\u0435: \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430 \u0432\u043C\u0456\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0437 \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0433\u0456\u0454\u044E, \u0430 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0446\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E \u043F\u043E\u044F\u0441\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043B\u043E \u0432\u0456\u0440\u0438 \u0456 \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u0443 \u043C\u0430\u0441\u00BB."@uk . "L'Unione Sovietica fu il primo stato ad avere come obiettivo ideologico l'eliminazione totale della religione e la sua sostituzione con l'ateismo universale. Dopo la rivoluzione d'ottobre il regime comunista inizi\u00F2 a confiscare i beni religiosi delle varie chiese presenti in Russia, in particolar modo della Chiesa ortodossa. Successivamente inizi\u00F2 a perseguitare i credenti e inizi\u00F2 a propagandare nelle scuole l'ateismo e le varie scienze per dare agli studenti una visione materialista e scientifica del mondo.Molte chiese, moschee e sinagoghe vennero distrutte o adibite ad altri usi come uffici statali, scuole, ospedali e magazzini, mentre molti monasteri furono chiusi o convertiti a campi di prigionia, di cui il pi\u00F9 famoso \u00E8 il Monastero di Solovki, sulle isole Soloveckie, divenuto il gulag Solovki. Molti membri del clero furono imprigionati per attivit\u00E0 anti-governative. La distruzione della Cattedrale di Cristo Salvatore a Mosca, nel 1931. Secondo alcuni storici la persecuzione si attenu\u00F2 dopo il 1941 durante la seconda guerra mondiale, periodo in cui, secondo tali storici, il governo di Stalin volle creare una parvenza di pace con la chiesa per utilizzarla come parte dei suoi programmi, allo scopo di ispirare nei cittadini sentimenti patriottici per combattere il nemico tedesco. Sempre secondo tali stime le chiese salirono da 100 nel 1941 a 25.000 nel 1945 e i membri del clero salirono dal 1941 al 1945 da poche centinaia a 33.000. Altri invece affermano che durante la guerra la persecuzione si intensific\u00F2 e divennero fuori legge diverse attivit\u00E0 religiose. In ogni modo, se la persecuzione si attenu\u00F2, ci\u00F2 avvenne soltanto di fatto perch\u00E9 il governo continu\u00F2 a dichiararsi ateo, a censurare la stampa religiosa e a proibire le processioni. Risulta comunque pi\u00F9 probabile che la campagna antireligiosa non si attenu\u00F2, sia perch\u00E9 ci\u00F2 sarebbe andato contro i principi dello Stato troppo apertamente, sia perch\u00E9 la maggior parte della popolazione era atea (almeno il 70%, anche se fonti governative fanno salire la percentuale a oltre il 90%). Copertina del 1929 di una rivista che mostra dei lavoratori muscolosi che fanno cadere Ges\u00F9 Secondo alcune fonti, in seguito il governo sovietico cerc\u00F2 di tenere la chiesa sotto controllo nominando preti i suoi uomini pi\u00F9 fedeli, e, secondo quanto asserito, si arriv\u00F2 al punto in cui le cariche principali furono ricoperte da ufficiali del KGB. Ad esempio, secondo alcune fonti come il controverso dossier Mitrokhin, il patriarca Alessio II fu reclutato dal KGB nel 1958 con il nome in codice di Drozdov. Secondo diverse fonti il KGB perseguit\u00F2 diversi altri gruppi religiosi. Tra questi il gruppo pi\u00F9 religioso era la Chiesa Cattolica Ucraina (allora Chiesa Cattolica Greca dell'Ucraina) che contava, secondo dati ufficiosi, 4 milioni di fedeli. Secondo alcune fonti, 8 dei 10 vescovi e migliaia di sacerdoti morirono nei Gulag della Siberia per la loro fede. Un altro bersaglio del KGB erano le chiese protestanti non registrate, che negli anni 50 contavano 100.000 membri. Tra questi c'erano 20.000 Testimoni di Geova che, essendo estremamente attivi nel proselitismo, negli anni '60 furono tra le comunit\u00E0 pi\u00F9 aspramente perseguitata nell'Unione Sovietica. Tessera della Lega degli atei militanti. All'inizio del 1941, aveva circa 3,5 milioni di membri di 100 nazionalit\u00E0 e oltre 96.000 uffici sparsi in tutto il paese."@it . "November 2011"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u8607\u806F\u5B97\u6559\u662F\u6307\u8607\u806F\u6642\u671F\u8A72\u570B\u7684\u5B97\u6559\u72C0\u6CC1\u4EE5\u53CA\u8A72\u570B\u653F\u5E9C\u7684\u5B97\u6559\u653F\u7B56\u3002\u82CF\u8054\u5BF9\u5B97\u6559\u7684\u6001\u5EA6\u8F03\u70BA\u6D88\u6975\uFF0C\u8A72\u570B\u4E3B\u5F35\u56FD\u5BB6\u65E0\u795E\u8BBA\u4E26\u4E14\u8072\u7A31\u8981\u6D88\u706D\u73B0\u6709\u5B97\u6559\u548C\u4EE5\u53CA\u9632\u6B62\u5176\u4ED6\u5B97\u6559\u50B3\u5165\u8607\u806F\u3002 \u8607\u806F\u6642\u671F\u867D\u7136\u5927\u591A\u6570\u5B97\u6559\u4ECE\u672A\u76F4\u63A5\u53D6\u7F14\uFF0C\u7576\u5C40\u4E5F\u6C92\u6709\u76F4\u63A5\u4E0B\u4EE4\u5B97\u6559\u4FE1\u5F92\u4E0D\u51C6\u4FE1\u6559\uFF0C\u4F46\u8A31\u591A\u5B97\u6559\u7D44\u7E54\u7684\u8D22\u4EA7\u88AB\u6CA1\u6536\uFF0C\u4FE1\u5F92\u88AB\u7576\u5C40\u9A9A\u6270\uFF0C\u8607\u806F\u7576\u5C40\u5728\u5B66\u6821\u91CC\u5BA3\u4F20\u65E0\u795E\u8BBA\u4E26\u4E14\u5632\u7B11\u3001\u6B67\u8996\u90A3\u4E9B\u5B97\u6559\u4FE1\u773E\u3002\u5B97\u6559\u673A\u6784\u4E0D\u5F97\u4EE5\u4EFB\u4F55\u5F62\u5F0F\u5728\u5927\u4F17\u5A92\u4F53\u4E0A\u53D1\u8868\u610F\u89C1\u548C\u8A55\u8AD6\uFF0C\u8BB8\u591A\u5B97\u6559\u5EFA\u7B51\u4E5F\u88AB\u62C6\u9664\u6216\u632A\u4F5C\u4ED6\u7528\u3002 1925\u5E74\u8607\u806F\u7576\u5C40\u6210\u7ACB\u4E86\u6218\u6597\u65E0\u795E\u8BBA\u8005\u540C\u76DF\u9032\u4E00\u6B65\u8FEB\u5BB3\u5B97\u6559\u4FE1\u773E\u3002 \u8607\u806F\u7576\u5C40\u7981\u6B62\u653F\u5E9C\u5B98\u54E1\u3001\u6559\u5E08\u4EE5\u53CA\u8ECD\u4EBA\u4FE1\u4EF0\u5B97\u6559\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . "\u0420\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0433\u0456\u044F \u0432 \u0421\u0420\u0421\u0420"@uk . . . . "Religions en Union sovi\u00E9tique"@fr . "\uC18C\uB828\uC758 \uC885\uAD50\uB294 \u0420\u0421\u0424\u0421\u0420\uACFC \uC18C\uB828\uC5D0\uC11C 1918\uB144\uBD80\uD130 1991\uB144\uAE4C\uC9C0\uC758 \uAE30\uAC04\uC5D0 \uC874\uC7AC\uD588\uB358 \uC885\uAD50\uC640 \uC885\uD30C\uB97C \uC11C\uC220\uD558\uB294 \uAC1C\uB150\uC774\uB2E4. \uC885\uAD50\uB97C \uBD80\uC815\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uBC14\uB77C\uBCF4\uB294 \uAD00\uC810\uC778 \uBB34\uC2E0\uB860 \u0420\u0421\u0424\u0421\u0420\uACFC \uC18C\uB828\uC758 \uAD6D\uAC00 \uC774\uB150\uC73C\uB85C \uACF5\uC2DD\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC120\uC5B8\uB418\uC9C4 \uC54A\uC558\uC73C\uB098, \uB2F9\uACFC \uAD6D\uAC00\uAE30\uAD00\uC740 \uBB34\uC2E0\uB860\uC744 \uC801\uADF9\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC9C0\uC9C0\uD588\uB2E4. 1988\uB144\uC774 \uB418\uC5B4\uC11C\uC57C \uC815\uCE58\uC801, \uC0AC\uC0C1\uC801 \uC790\uC720\uC8FC\uC758 \uC815\uCC45\uC774 \uC2E4\uD589\uB418\uACE0, \uB8E8\uC2A4 \uC138\uB840 1000\uC8FC\uB144\uC774 \uAE30\uB150\uB418\uBA70 \uBB34\uC2E0\uB860 \uC9C0\uC9C0\uAC00 \uC0AC\uADF8\uB77C\uB4E4\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uB808\uB2CC\uC740 \uC885\uAD50\uC640\uC758 \uC2F8\uC6C0\uC5D0 \uC788\uC5B4 \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uB9D0\uC744 \uB0A8\uAE34 \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uC720\uBA85\uD558\uB2E4. \"\uC6B0\uB9AC\uB294 \uC885\uAD50\uC640 \uC2F8\uC6CC\uC57C \uD55C\uB2E4. \uC774\uAC83\uC740 \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uC720\uBB3C\uB860\uC758 \uC54C\uD30C\uBCB3 \uAC19\uC740 \uAC83\uC774\uBA70, \uB2F9\uC5F0\uD788 \uB9D1\uC2DC\uC998\uC758 \uAE30\uCD08\uC774\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD558\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB7EC\uB098 \uB9D1\uC2DC\uC998\uC740 \uC54C\uD30C\uBCB3\uC5D0\uC11C\uB9CC \uBA48\uCD94\uB294 \uC720\uBB3C\uB860\uC774 \uC544\uB2C8\uB2E4. \uB9D1\uC2DC\uC998\uC740 \uB354 \uB098\uC544\uAC04\uB2E4. \uB9D1\uC2DC\uC998\uC740 \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. '\uC885\uAD50\uC640 \uC2F8\uC6B8 \uC218 \uC788\uC5B4\uC57C \uD558\uBA70, \uC774\uAC83\uC744 \uC704\uD574 \uBBFF\uC74C\uACFC \uC885\uAD50\uC5D0 \uAD00\uD558\uC5EC \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uB300\uC911\uC5D0\uAC8C \uC124\uBA85\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uC5B4\uC57C \uD55C\uB2E4.'\" (\"\uACFC\uD559\uC720\uBB3C\uB860\uC801 \uC138\uACC4\uAD00\")\uACFC \uD568\uAED8, \uC815\uBD80 \uAE30\uAD00\uB4E4\uC740 1920-30\uB144\uB300\uC5D0 \uC9D1\uB2E8\uC801\uC778 \uCCB4\uD3EC, \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uC131\uC9C1\uC790\uC640 \uC124\uAD50\uD65C\uB3D9\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uAE30\uC18C\uB97C \uC790\uD589\uD588\uB2E4. 1939\uB144\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC870\uC9C1\uC801\uC778 \uC885\uAD50\uC0DD\uD65C\uC744 \uC18C\uD0D5\uD55C\uB2E4\uB294 \uC815\uCC45\uC740 \uC815\uBD80\uAE30\uAD00, \uD2B9\uD788 NKVD\uC758 \uD589\uC815\uC801 \uC808\uCC28\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uC9C4\uD589\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC774\uD6C4 \uC885\uAD50 \uC815\uCC45\uC740 \uB354 \uCC28\uBCC4\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uBCC0\uD654\uD588\uB2E4."@ko . . "51613"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "Pendant plusieurs ann\u00E9es la pratique des religions fut de facto interdite par l'URSS, notamment sous Staline, qui d\u00E8s le d\u00E9but de sa dictature, fit d\u00E9truire des lieux de cultes, pers\u00E9cuta les pr\u00EAtres et ferma les s\u00E9minaires des religions pr\u00E9sentes dans le pays. L'ath\u00E9isme d'\u00C9tat fut pr\u00F4n\u00E9 dans la culture (\u00E9coles, m\u00E9dias...) et des mus\u00E9es de l'ath\u00E9isme, soutenus par le Parti et l'\u00C9tat, furent ouverts dans plusieurs villes."@fr . . . "\uC18C\uB828\uC758 \uC885\uAD50"@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Pendant plusieurs ann\u00E9es la pratique des religions fut de facto interdite par l'URSS, notamment sous Staline, qui d\u00E8s le d\u00E9but de sa dictature, fit d\u00E9truire des lieux de cultes, pers\u00E9cuta les pr\u00EAtres et ferma les s\u00E9minaires des religions pr\u00E9sentes dans le pays. L'ath\u00E9isme d'\u00C9tat fut pr\u00F4n\u00E9 dans la culture (\u00E9coles, m\u00E9dias...) et des mus\u00E9es de l'ath\u00E9isme, soutenus par le Parti et l'\u00C9tat, furent ouverts dans plusieurs villes. \u00C0 long terme, l'ath\u00E9isme d'\u00C9tat n'a pas r\u00E9ussi \u00E0 convertir beaucoup de monde. La religion s'est renforc\u00E9e sous terre et a \u00E9t\u00E9 relanc\u00E9e pour aider \u00E0 combattre durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale puis a prosp\u00E9r\u00E9 apr\u00E8s la chute du communisme."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"Religione in Unione Sovietica"@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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'\uC885\uAD50\uC640 \uC2F8\uC6B8 \uC218 \uC788\uC5B4\uC57C \uD558\uBA70, \uC774\uAC83\uC744 \uC704\uD574 \uBBFF\uC74C\uACFC \uC885\uAD50\uC5D0 \uAD00\uD558\uC5EC \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uB300\uC911\uC5D0\uAC8C \uC124\uBA85\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uC5B4\uC57C \uD55C\uB2E4.'\" (\"\uACFC\uD559\uC720\uBB3C\uB860\uC801 \uC138\uACC4\uAD00\")\uACFC \uD568\uAED8, \uC815\uBD80 \uAE30\uAD00\uB4E4\uC740 1920-30\uB144\uB300\uC5D0 \uC9D1\uB2E8\uC801\uC778 \uCCB4\uD3EC, \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uC131\uC9C1\uC790\uC640 \uC124\uAD50\uD65C\uB3D9\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uAE30\uC18C\uB97C \uC790\uD589\uD588\uB2E4. 1939\uB144\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC870\uC9C1\uC801\uC778 \uC885\uAD50\uC0DD\uD65C\uC744 \uC18C\uD0D5\uD55C\uB2E4\uB294 \uC815\uCC45\uC740 \uC815\uBD80\uAE30\uAD00, \uD2B9\uD788 NKVD\uC758 \uD589\uC815\uC801 \uC808\uCC28\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uC9C4\uD589\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC774\uD6C4 \uC885\uAD50 \uC815\uCC45\uC740 \uB354 \uCC28\uBCC4\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uBCC0\uD654\uD588\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB7EC\uB098, \uC18C\uB828\uC740 (\uC54C\uBC14\uB2C8\uC544\uC5D0\uC11C \uC2DC\uD589\uB41C \uAC83\uCC98\uB7FC) \uC870\uC9C1\uC801 \uC885\uAD50\uC0DD\uD65C\uC744 \uC644\uC804\uD788 \uC18C\uD0D5\uD558\uAC70\uB098, \uACF5\uC2DD\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC885\uAD50\uB97C \uAE08\uC9C0\uD558\uC9C0\uB294 \uC54A\uC558\uB2E4. \uC624\uD788\uB824, \uC18C\uB828\uC774 \uC874\uC18D\uD558\uB358 \uC77C\uBD80 \uC2DC\uAE30\uC5D0 \uB2F9\uAD6D\uC740 \uC815\uCE58\uC801\uC778 \uBAA9\uC801\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uBA87\uBA87 \uAD50\uD30C\uB97C \uC9C0\uC6D0\uD558\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD588\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La Uni\u00F3 Sovi\u00E8tica va ser el primer estat a tenir com a objectiu ideol\u00F2gic l'eliminaci\u00F3 de la religi\u00F3 i la seva substituci\u00F3 per l'ateisme com a objectiu fonamental ideol\u00F2gic de l'Estat. Amb aquesta finalitat, el r\u00E8gim comunista confisc\u00E0 les propietats eclesi\u00E0stiques, ridiculitz\u00E0 la religi\u00F3, persegu\u00ED els creients i propag\u00E0 l'ateisme a les escoles. L'ateisme estatal a la Uni\u00F3 Sovi\u00E8tica va ser conegut com a \"gosateizm, i es basava en el Marxisme-Leninisme. Malgrat aix\u00F2, des de 1945 i fins a la seva dissoluci\u00F3 el 1991, la Uni\u00F3 Sovi\u00E8tica es declar\u00E0 com un estat laic. D'acord amb diverses fonts sovi\u00E8tiques i occidentals, m\u00E9s d'un ter\u00E7 del pa\u00EDs professava alguna creen\u00E7a religiosa, sent la major part de creients cristians o isl\u00E0mics. Els cristians pertanyien a diverses esgl\u00E9sies: \u00F2bviament, l'Esgl\u00E9sia Ortodoxa tenia el major nombre de fidels, seguida pels cat\u00F2lics, els baptistes i per diverses branques protestants m\u00E9s. La majoria de fidels isl\u00E0mics eren sunnites. El judaisme tamb\u00E9 tenia molts seguidors. Entre les altres religions practicades, encara que per un nombre petit de fidels, inclo\u00EFen el budisme i el xamanisme. El paper de la religi\u00F3 a la vida quotidiana dels ciutadans sovi\u00E8tics vari\u00E0 enormement. Dos ter\u00E7os de la poblaci\u00F3 sovi\u00E8tica, per\u00F2, eren irreligiosos. Aproximadament la meitat de la poblaci\u00F3, inclosos membres d'alt nivell del , professaven l'ateisme. Abans del seu col\u00B7lapse a finals de 1991, no es podia disposar de les xifres oficials sobre la religi\u00F3 a la Uni\u00F3 Sovi\u00E8tica."@ca . . . . . . . . . "A Uni\u00E3o Sovi\u00E9tica foi o primeiro estado a objetivar a elimina\u00E7\u00E3o completa da religi\u00E3o e sua substitui\u00E7\u00E3o pelo ate\u00EDsmo universal. O Estado comunista sovi\u00E9tico confiscou propriedades religiosas, promoveu amplamente o ate\u00EDsmo nas escolas, perseguiu crentes e investiu na ridiculariza\u00E7\u00E3o das religi\u00F5es. O confisco de bens religiosos apoiou-se principalmente em den\u00FAncias de ac\u00FAmulo ilegal de riqueza. A grande maioria da popula\u00E7\u00E3o do Imp\u00E9rio Russo era, na \u00E9poca da revolu\u00E7\u00E3o, formada por crentes religiosos, enquanto que os revolucion\u00E1rios tinham como objetivo romper completamente com a cren\u00E7a religiosa e o poder das igrejas. Ap\u00F3s a revolu\u00E7\u00E3o, promoveu-se amplamente a ideia da oposi\u00E7\u00E3o entre \"ci\u00EAncia\" e \"supersti\u00E7\u00E3o religiosa\". N\u00E3o havia lugar na nova ordem comunista para a chamada \"fic\u00E7\u00E3o subjetiva\" da espiritualidade religiosa. No entanto, os principais cultos religiosos persistiram e foram tolerados, por\u00E9m desencorajados e colocados dentro de limites restritos. O ate\u00EDsmo de Estado da Uni\u00E3o Sovi\u00E9tica era conhecido como gosateizm, e era baseado na ideologia do marxismo-leninismo. Como o fundador do Estado sovi\u00E9tico, L\u00EAnin declarou: A religi\u00E3o \u00E9 o \u00F3pio do povo; este prov\u00E9rbio de Marx \u00E9 a pedra angular de toda a ideologia do marxismo a respeito da religi\u00E3o. Todas as religi\u00F5es e todo o tipo de organiza\u00E7\u00E3o religiosa sempre foram consideradas pelo marxismo como \u00F3rg\u00E3os de rea\u00E7\u00E3o burguesa, usados para a prote\u00E7\u00E3o da explora\u00E7\u00E3o e estupefa\u00E7\u00E3o da classe trabalhadora."@pt . . . . . . . "1124074064"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .