. . . . . . . . "Revolt of the Comuneros (Paraguay)"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "The Revolt of the Comuneros (Spanish: Revoluci\u00F3n Comunera) was a series of uprisings by settlers in Paraguay in the Viceroyalty of Peru against the Spanish authorities from 1721\u20131725 and 1730\u20131735. The underlying cause of the unrest was strong anti-Jesuit feelings among the Paraguayans and dislike for any governor seen as favoring the Jesuits. In the resumption of the revolt in 1730, economic issues came to fore as well. The rebel organization split in its second phase, as the rural poor and the urban elite each formed their own factions with similar grievances against the Jesuits, but incompatible politics. Paraguay had an unusually strong tradition of self-rule; the colonists did not have a tradition of strict obedience to everything the Spanish Crown's governor decreed. This independenc"@en . . . "42991"^^ . . . . . . "R\u00E9volte des Comuneros (Paraguay)"@fr . "Au Paraguay dans la vice-royaut\u00E9 du P\u00E9rou, la r\u00E9volte des Comuneros (espagnol : Revoluci\u00F3n Comunera) fut une s\u00E9rie de soul\u00E8vements des colons contre les autorit\u00E9s espagnoles entre 1721-1725 et 1730-1735. La cause sous-jacente de l'agitation \u00E9tait le fort ressentiment anti-j\u00E9suites parmi les Paraguayens et l'aversion pour tout gouverneur consid\u00E9r\u00E9 comme favorisant les j\u00E9suites. Lors de la reprise de la r\u00E9volte en 1730, des questions \u00E9conomiques se posaient \u00E9galement. Au cours de sa seconde phase, l'organisation rebelle s'est scind\u00E9e deux; d'un c\u00F4t\u00E9, les pauvres des campagnes et, de l'autre, les \u00E9lites urbaines, formant chacune leurs propres factions avec des griefs semblables contre les j\u00E9suites, mais une politique incompatible. Le Paraguay avait une tradition d'autonomie exceptionnellement forte et les colons n'ob\u00E9issaient pas strictement \u00E0 tout ce que le gouverneur de la Couronne espagnole avait d\u00E9cr\u00E9t\u00E9. Cette ind\u00E9pendance a contribu\u00E9 \u00E0 faire avancer la r\u00E9volte. Les d\u00E9buts de la r\u00E9volte \u00E9taient d'abord presque l\u00E9gaux. (1690-1731), un juge de la Real Audiencia de Charcas, fut envoy\u00E9 \u00E0 Asunci\u00F3n en 1721 pour examiner des accusations d'inconduite contre le gouverneur pro-j\u00E9suite, Diego de los Reyes Balmaseda. Antequera conclut que les accusations \u00E9taient valables, for\u00E7a Reyes \u00E0 l'exil et, plus tard, l'emprisonna puis se d\u00E9clara lui-m\u00EAme gouverneur par le pouvoir de l'Audencia en 1722. Antequera accusa les j\u00E9suites de divers crimes, exigea que les Indiens des missions sous son autorit\u00E9 soient asservis et distribu\u00E9s aux citoyens du Paraguay, et expulsa les j\u00E9suites de leur coll\u00E8ge \u00E0 Asunci\u00F3n. Toutes ces actions eurent le soutien des citoyens d'Asunci\u00F3n, et les gouverneurs furent d\u00E9chus et remplac\u00E9s avant que le gouvernement central ne se plaigne. Cependant, le vice-roi du P\u00E9rou , demeurant \u00E0 Lima, n'approuva pas l'action d'Antequera et ordonna la restauration de Reyes comme gouverneur. Avec le soutien des colons, Antequera refusa, citant l'autorit\u00E9 de l'Audencia comme sup\u00E9rieure \u00E0 celle du vice-roi. La querelle entre Antequera et la vice-royaut\u00E9 se poursuivit apr\u00E8s le remplacement de Viceroy Morcillo par le marquis de Castelfuerte comme vice-roi du P\u00E9rou. La milice paraguayenne d'Antequera fut attaqu\u00E9e et vaincue par l'alliance des indiens des Missions J\u00E9suites et des forces coloniales espagnoles. La bataille entacha la l\u00E9gitimit\u00E9 de la revendication d'Antequera de gouverner et une seconde force fut envoy\u00E9e par Castelfuerte contre un mouvement maintenant consid\u00E9r\u00E9 comme clairement tra\u00EEtre. Antequera d\u00E9missionna en 1725 et fuit \u00E0 Charcas, tandis que l'ordre fut apparemment restaur\u00E9 dans la province. Antequera fut arr\u00EAt\u00E9, emprisonn\u00E9 pendant cinq ans \u00E0 Lima et ex\u00E9cut\u00E9. Le Paraguay fut calme pendant 5 ans sous la gouvernance int\u00E9rimaire Mart\u00EDn de Barua, consid\u00E9r\u00E9e comme amicale aux colons et hostile aux J\u00E9suites. Cependant, lorsqu'il fut remplac\u00E9 par Ignacio de Soroeta, le Paraguay refusa son nouveau gouverneur. Fernando de Mompo y Zayas avait r\u00E9pandu l'id\u00E9e parmi la population que le pouvoir du peuple - le com\u00FAn - \u00E9tait sup\u00E9rieure au pouvoir du gouverneur et m\u00EAme celui roi. Les comuneros tinrent de nouvelles \u00E9lections au conseil municipal d'Asunci\u00F3n, remport\u00E8rent les si\u00E8ges, et reprirent l'autonomie. Agust\u00EDn de Ruyloba, le gouverneur de remplacement envoy\u00E9 en 1732, fut tu\u00E9 par les comuneros. Cependant, le mouvement comunero se divisa plusieurs fois. Les notables d'Asunci\u00F3n, qui avaient \u00E9t\u00E9 heureux de d\u00E9fier les autorit\u00E9s coloniales lorsqu'ils dirigeaient le conseil municipal, voyant les Paraguayens les plus pauvres commencer \u00E0 piller les domaines et les biens de tout notable, craignirent la rupture totale de l'ordre. L'incapacit\u00E9 d'Asunci\u00F3n \u00E0 commercer avec le reste de l'Empire espagnol a \u00E9galement conduit \u00E0 une crise \u00E9conomique. Lorsque les forces coloniales arriv\u00E8rent finalement \u00E0 Asunci\u00F3n, les communeros, divis\u00E9s, se dispers\u00E8rent et fuirent. Et, apr\u00E8s une offre de cl\u00E9mence, la majorit\u00E9 de la faction rest\u00E9e \u00E0 Asunci\u00F3n se joignit aux forces gouvernementales."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . "\u062B\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0631\u0648\u0633 (\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u063A\u0648\u0627\u064A)"@ar . . . . "The Revolt of the Comuneros (Spanish: Revoluci\u00F3n Comunera) was a series of uprisings by settlers in Paraguay in the Viceroyalty of Peru against the Spanish authorities from 1721\u20131725 and 1730\u20131735. The underlying cause of the unrest was strong anti-Jesuit feelings among the Paraguayans and dislike for any governor seen as favoring the Jesuits. In the resumption of the revolt in 1730, economic issues came to fore as well. The rebel organization split in its second phase, as the rural poor and the urban elite each formed their own factions with similar grievances against the Jesuits, but incompatible politics. Paraguay had an unusually strong tradition of self-rule; the colonists did not have a tradition of strict obedience to everything the Spanish Crown's governor decreed. This independence helped push the revolt forward. The beginnings of the revolt were quasi-legal at first. Jos\u00E9 de Antequera y Castro (1690\u20131731), a judge for the Real Audiencia of Charcas, was sent to Asunci\u00F3n in 1721 to examine charges of misconduct against pro-Jesuit Governor Diego de los Reyes Balmaseda. Antequera concluded the charges were valid, forced Reyes into exile and later imprisoned him, and declared himself governor by the power of the Audencia in 1722. Antequera also accused the Jesuits of various crimes, demanded that the mission Indians under their care be enslaved and distributed to the citizens of Paraguay, and expelled the Jesuits from their college in Asunci\u00F3n. All these actions had the support of the citizens of Asunci\u00F3n, and governors had been deposed and replaced before without the central government complaining. However, Viceroy of Peru Diego Morcillo, residing in Lima, did not approve of Antequera's action and ordered Reyes' restoration as governor. With the backing of the settlers, Antequera refused, citing the authority of the Audencia as superior to that of the Viceroy. The feud between Antequera and the Viceroyalty continued after Viceroy Morcillo was replaced by the Marquis of Castelfuerte as Viceroy of Peru. Antequera's Paraguayan militia attacked and defeated an allied force of Jesuit mission Indians and Spanish colonial forces during the standoff. The battle tainted the legitimacy of Antequera's claim of governorship, however, and a second force was sent by Castelfuerte against a movement now seen as clearly treasonous. Antequera resigned in 1725 and fled to Charcas, while order was seemingly restored in the province. Antequera was arrested, imprisoned for five years at Lima, and executed. Paraguay was quiet for 5 years under interim governor Mart\u00EDn de Bar\u00FAa, seen as friendly to the settlers and hostile to the Jesuits. When he was replaced by Ignacio de Soroeta, however, Paraguay refused its new governor. had spread ideas among the populace that the power of the people - the com\u00FAn - was superior to that of the governor and even the King. The comuneros held new elections to the town council of Asunci\u00F3n, won the seats, and resumed self-rule. A replacement governor sent in 1732, Agust\u00EDn de Ruyloba, was killed by the comuneros. However, the comunero movement split several times. The notables of Asunci\u00F3n, who had been happy to defy the colonial authorities when the town council was run by them, now feared the total breakdown of order, as the poorer Paraguayans started to loot the estates and property of any notable not thought to be sufficiently pro-comunero. The inability of Asunci\u00F3n to trade with the rest of the Spanish Empire led to an economic crisis, as well. When colonial forces finally moved on Asunci\u00F3n, the divided comuneros scattered and fled, with most of the Asunci\u00F3n faction joining the government forces in a bid for clemency."@en . . "2357988"^^ . "La Segunda revoluci\u00F3n comunera del Paraguay fue un movimiento de encomenderos en Paraguay, que tom\u00F3 el t\u00E9rmino comunero a ejemplo de las Comunidades de Castilla, en lo que podr\u00EDa considerarse el camino a la Independencia."@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Revoluci\u00F3n comunera de 1721-1735 (Paraguay)"@es . "\u062B\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0631\u0648\u0633 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Revolt of the Comuneros) (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629: Revoluci\u00F3n Comunera) \u0647\u064A \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u063A\u0648\u0627\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064A\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064A\u0631\u0648 \u0636\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1721-1725 \u06481730-1735. \u062A\u0645\u062B\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064A\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u063A\u0648\u0627\u064A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062C\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062A\u062D\u0631\u064A\u0636 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064A\u0629 \u0636\u062F \u0623\u064A \u062D\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u064A\u064F\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064A\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064A\u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064A\u064A\u0646. \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1730\u060C \u0628\u062F\u0623\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u064B\u0627. \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645\u062A \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0645\u0631\u062F\u064A\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0631\u062D\u0644\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0630 \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064A\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062E\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0636\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062B\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u062F \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064A\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0646\u064F\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u063A\u0648\u0627\u064A \u0628\u062A\u0642\u0644\u064A\u062F \u062B\u0627\u0628\u062A \u064A\u062A\u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062A\u064A\u061B \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064A\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0646 \u062A\u0642\u0644\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u062F\u0631\u0647 \u062D\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064A. \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062F \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u062F\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0645\u0631\u062F \u0625\u0644\u0649 "@ar . . . . . . . . "\u062B\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0631\u0648\u0633 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Revolt of the Comuneros) (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629: Revoluci\u00F3n Comunera) \u0647\u064A \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u063A\u0648\u0627\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064A\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064A\u0631\u0648 \u0636\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1721-1725 \u06481730-1735. \u062A\u0645\u062B\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064A\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u063A\u0648\u0627\u064A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062C\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062A\u062D\u0631\u064A\u0636 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064A\u0629 \u0636\u062F \u0623\u064A \u062D\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u064A\u064F\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064A\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064A\u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064A\u064A\u0646. \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1730\u060C \u0628\u062F\u0623\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u064B\u0627. \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645\u062A \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0645\u0631\u062F\u064A\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0631\u062D\u0644\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0630 \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064A\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062E\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0636\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062B\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u062F \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064A\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0646\u064F\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u063A\u0648\u0627\u064A \u0628\u062A\u0642\u0644\u064A\u062F \u062B\u0627\u0628\u062A \u064A\u062A\u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062A\u064A\u061B \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064A\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0646 \u062A\u0642\u0644\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u062F\u0631\u0647 \u062D\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064A. \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062F \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u062F\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0645\u0631\u062F \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062D\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0645\u0631\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062F\u0627\u064A\u0629. \u062A\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062E\u0648\u0633\u064A\u0647 \u062F\u064A \u0623\u0646\u062A\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u064A \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0631\u0648 (1690-1731)\u060C \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062D\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0642\u064A\u0642\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1721 \u0644\u0644\u062A\u062D\u0642\u064A\u0642 \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0636\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064A \u0644\u0644\u064A\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u062F\u064A\u064A\u063A\u0648 \u062F\u064A \u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0631\u064A\u064A\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064A\u062F\u0627. \u062E\u0644\u0651\u0635 \u0623\u0646\u062A\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0635\u062D\u064A\u062D\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060C \u0648\u0623\u062C\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u064A\u064A\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064A \u0648\u0633\u062C\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u062D\u0642\u064B\u0627 \u062B\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062D\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064B\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u062F\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1722. \u0627\u062A\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u062A\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062A\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u062C\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062F \u062A\u062D\u062A \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064A\u062A\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062A\u0648\u0632\u064A\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064A \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u063A\u0648\u0627\u064A \u0648\u0637\u0631\u062F \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062A\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0648\u0646. \u062D\u0638\u064A\u062A \u062C\u0645\u064A\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062C\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062A \u0628\u062F\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064A \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062A\u0645 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0628\u062F\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u064E\u0644 \u062F\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062F\u0646\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060C \u0644\u0645 \u064A\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0628\u064A\u0631\u0648 \u062F\u064A\u064A\u063A\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0633\u064A\u0644\u0648\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064A\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0644\u064A\u0645\u0627\u060C \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062C\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u062A\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0631\u064A\u064A\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u062D\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u062F\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u062A\u0643\u064A\u0631\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060C \u0645\u0634\u064A\u0631\u064B\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u062F\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643. \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062A\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0628\u062F\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0633\u064A\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064A\u0632 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062A\u064A\u0644\u0641\u0648\u064A\u0631\u062A\u064A \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0644\u0628\u064A\u0631\u0648. \u0647\u0627\u062C\u0645\u062A \u0645\u064A\u0644\u064A\u0634\u064A\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u062A\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u063A\u0648\u0627\u064A\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0632\u0645\u062A \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062D\u0644\u064A\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062F \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062C\u0647\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062A \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u062A\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0643\u0645\u060C \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062A\u064A\u0644\u0641\u0648\u064A\u0631\u062A\u064A \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0636\u062F \u062D\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u064A\u064F\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062E\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062D\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062A\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1725 \u0648\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0633\u060C \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0628\u062F\u0648 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629. \u062A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u062A\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u062C\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u062F\u0629 \u062E\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0644\u064A\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062F\u0627\u0645\u0647. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u063A\u0648\u0627\u064A \u0647\u0627\u062F\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062F\u0629 5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0647\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062A \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u062F\u064A \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u064F\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064A\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0635\u062F\u064A\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062F\u064A \u0644\u0644\u064A\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064A\u064A\u0646. \u0639\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627 \u062A\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0628\u062F\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0648 \u062F\u064A \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0648\u064A\u062A\u0627\u060C \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062A \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u063A\u0648\u0627\u064A \u062D\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u062F\u064A\u062F. \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0646\u062F\u0648 \u062F\u064A \u0645\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u064A\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062F\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 - \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064A\u0648 - \u0647\u064A \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643. \u0623\u062C\u0631\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064A\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u062A\u062E\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062A \u062C\u062F\u064A\u062F\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062C\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0632\u062A \u0628\u0639\u062F\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062F \u062B\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0623\u0646\u0641\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062A\u064A. \u0642\u064F\u062A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062F\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1732\u060C \u0623\u063A\u0648\u0633\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u062F\u064A \u0631\u0648\u064A\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060C \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060C \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645\u062A \u062D\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u062F\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062A. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062C\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0648\u0646\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0633\u0639\u062F\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062A\u062D\u062F\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062C\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u064A\u062F\u064A\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060C \u064A\u062E\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064A\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u062F\u0623 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u063A\u0648\u0627\u064A \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u062A\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062A \u0623\u064A \u0634\u062E\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0644\u0627 \u064A\u064F\u0639\u062A\u0642\u062F \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u064A\u062F \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064A\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u062D\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u0623\u062F\u0649 \u0639\u062F\u0645 \u0642\u062F\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u064B\u0627. \u0639\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627 \u062A\u062D\u0631\u0643\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u062E\u064A\u0631\u064B\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0648\u0646\u060C \u062A\u0628\u0639\u062B\u0631\u062A \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u062B\u0645 \u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u0635\u064A\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062D\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0641\u0629."@ar . . . . . . . . "La Segunda revoluci\u00F3n comunera del Paraguay fue un movimiento de encomenderos en Paraguay, que tom\u00F3 el t\u00E9rmino comunero a ejemplo de las Comunidades de Castilla, en lo que podr\u00EDa considerarse el camino a la Independencia."@es . . . . . . "Au Paraguay dans la vice-royaut\u00E9 du P\u00E9rou, la r\u00E9volte des Comuneros (espagnol : Revoluci\u00F3n Comunera) fut une s\u00E9rie de soul\u00E8vements des colons contre les autorit\u00E9s espagnoles entre 1721-1725 et 1730-1735. La cause sous-jacente de l'agitation \u00E9tait le fort ressentiment anti-j\u00E9suites parmi les Paraguayens et l'aversion pour tout gouverneur consid\u00E9r\u00E9 comme favorisant les j\u00E9suites. Lors de la reprise de la r\u00E9volte en 1730, des questions \u00E9conomiques se posaient \u00E9galement. Au cours de sa seconde phase, l'organisation rebelle s'est scind\u00E9e deux; d'un c\u00F4t\u00E9, les pauvres des campagnes et, de l'autre, les \u00E9lites urbaines, formant chacune leurs propres factions avec des griefs semblables contre les j\u00E9suites, mais une politique incompatible. Le Paraguay avait une tradition d'autonomie exceptionnellement"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1080239710"^^ . . . . . . . .