. . "B'\u00E9iceola\u00ED planda\u00ED Meirice\u00E1nach \u00E9 Robert Harding Whittaker (27 Nollaig 1920 \u2013 20 Deireadh F\u00F3mhair 1980), a bh\u00ED gn\u00EDomhach \u00F3 na caogaid\u00ED go dt\u00ED na seacht\u00F3id\u00ED. Rugadh \u00E9 in Wichita, Kansas, agus bhain s\u00E9 amach in Washburn Municipal College (anois Ollscoil Washburn) i dTopeka, Kansas, agus, i ndiaidh , gn\u00F3thaigh s\u00E9 ag . Bh\u00ED post teagaisc agus taighde aige in , Hanford, Washington, i Hanford National Laboratories (obair cheannr\u00F3da\u00EDochta aige ansin in \u00FAs\u00E1id i staid\u00E9ar na n-\u00E9iceach\u00F3ras), , Ollscoil California-Irvine, agus sa deireadh, ."@ga . . . "Robert Harding Whittaker (December 27, 1920 \u2013 October 20, 1980) was an American plant ecologist, active in the 1950s to the 1970s. He was the first to propose the five kingdom taxonomic classification of the world's biota into the Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera in 1969. He also proposed the Whittaker Biome Classification, which categorized biome-types upon two abiotic factors: temperature and precipitation."@en . . "Robert Harding Whittaker (Wichita, 27 december 1920 - 20 oktober 1980) was een Amerikaans ecoloog en taxonoom die vooral bekendheid kreeg door zijn indeling van organismen in vijf rijken:Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista en Monera."@nl . . . . "\u30ED\u30D0\u30FC\u30C8\u30FB\u30DB\u30A4\u30C3\u30BF\u30AB\u30FC\uFF08Robert Harding Whittaker\u30011920\u5E7412\u670827\u65E5 - 1980\u5E7410\u670820\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u751F\u7269\u5B66\u8005\u3002\u30B3\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB\u5927\u5B66\u6559\u6388\u3092\u52D9\u3081\u305F\u3002\u30AB\u30F3\u30B6\u30B9\u5DDE\u51FA\u8EAB\u3002\u3092\u5352\u696D\u5F8C\u3001\u30A4\u30EA\u30CE\u30A4\u5927\u5B66\u5927\u5B66\u9662\u3067Ph.D.\u3092\u6240\u5F97\u3059\u308B\u3002\u5C02\u9580\u306F\u690D\u7269\u751F\u614B\u5B66\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u690D\u751F\u5206\u5E03\u306E (gradient analysis) \u306E\u624B\u6CD5\u3092\u78BA\u7ACB\u3057\u3001 (climax pattern theory) \u3092\u63D0\u5531\u3057\u305F\u3002\u305D\u306E\u4ED6\u306B\u3082\u690D\u751F\u30FB\u690D\u7269\u7FA4\u843D\u306E\u5206\u5E03\u3084\u5206\u985E\u3001\u591A\u69D8\u6027\u306B\u95A2\u3059\u308B\u7814\u7A76\u3092\u6570\u591A\u304F\u6B8B\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u307E\u305F\u4E94\u754C\u8AAC\u306E\u63D0\u5531\u8005\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . "Robert Harding Whittaker (27. prosince 1920 \u2013 20. \u0159\u00EDjna 1980) byl americk\u00FD ekolog."@cs . . . . . . . . . . "Robert Whittaker"@ga . . . . "1920-12-27"^^ . . "Robert Harding Whittaker (27. prosince 1920 \u2013 20. \u0159\u00EDjna 1980) byl americk\u00FD ekolog."@cs . . . "Robert Harding Whittaker, f\u00F6dd 27 december 1920 i Wichita, Kansas, d\u00F6d 20 oktober 1980 i Ithaca, New York var en amerikansk v\u00E4xtekolog som var aktiv under 1950- till 1970-talen. Han tog en BA vid Washburn Municipal College (numera Washburn University) i Topeka, Kansas och sedan, efter avslutad milit\u00E4rtj\u00E4nst (som meteorolog vid flygvapnet), doktorsexamen vid University of Illinois."@sv . . "Robert Whittaker"@ca . "1980-10-20"^^ . . "Robert Harding Whittaker (* 27. Dezember 1920 in Wichita, Kansas, USA; \u2020 20. Oktober 1980) war ein US-amerikanischer Botaniker und Klimatologe. Sein offizielles botanisches Autorenk\u00FCrzel lautet \u201EWhittaker\u201C."@de . . . . . "Robert Whittaker"@pl . . . "\u0420\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0412\u0456\u0442\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0435\u0440"@uk . . . . . . "4667"^^ . . . "Robert Harding Whittaker (1920\u20131980) adalah ekolog tanaman Amerika Serikat yang aktif dari tahun 1950-an hingga 1970-an. Ia lahir di Wichita, Kansas, dan memperoleh gelar B.A. di Washburn Municipal College (sekarang , dan gelar Ph.D. di Universitas Illinois. Ia merupakan pengusul dan pengembang untuk menjawab pertanyaan dalam ekologi komunitas tanaman. Ia juga merupakan orang pertama yang mengusulkan klasifikasi lima kerajaan."@in . "Wichita, Kansas, US"@en . . . . "Robert Harding Whittaker est un \u00E9cologue et un botaniste am\u00E9ricain, n\u00E9 le 27 d\u00E9cembre 1920 \u00E0 Wichita au Kansas et mort le 20 octobre 1980."@fr . "Robert Whittaker Harding (Wichita, 27 de desembre de 1920 - Ithaca, 20 d'octubre de 1980) fou un ec\u00F2leg bot\u00E0nic estatunidenc especialment prol\u00EDfic entre les d\u00E8cades de 1950 i 1970."@ca . "\u7F57\u4F2F\u7279\u00B7\u9B4F\u6CF0\u514B"@zh . . "Robert Whittaker"@sv . . . . . . . . . . "\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062A \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062F\u064A\u0646\u063A \u0648\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0643\u0631 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Robert Harding Whittaker)\u200F(27 \u062F\u064A\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\u060C 1920 \u2013 20 \u0623\u0643\u062A\u0648\u0628\u0631\u060C 1980) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u064A\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062A\u0627\u062A \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u060C \u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062F 1950 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062F 1970. \u0648\u0644\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0648\u064A\u062A\u0634\u064A\u062A\u0627\u060C \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060C \u062D\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062E\u062F\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u062D\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062F\u0643\u062A\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064A\u0646\u0648\u064A. \u0648\u062A\u0648\u0641\u064A \u0641\u064A 20 \u0623\u0643\u062A\u0648\u0628\u0631\u060C 1980 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0629."@ar . "1920-12-27"^^ . . "\u30ED\u30D0\u30FC\u30C8\u30FB\u30DB\u30A4\u30C3\u30BF\u30AB\u30FC\uFF08Robert Harding Whittaker\u30011920\u5E7412\u670827\u65E5 - 1980\u5E7410\u670820\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u751F\u7269\u5B66\u8005\u3002\u30B3\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB\u5927\u5B66\u6559\u6388\u3092\u52D9\u3081\u305F\u3002\u30AB\u30F3\u30B6\u30B9\u5DDE\u51FA\u8EAB\u3002\u3092\u5352\u696D\u5F8C\u3001\u30A4\u30EA\u30CE\u30A4\u5927\u5B66\u5927\u5B66\u9662\u3067Ph.D.\u3092\u6240\u5F97\u3059\u308B\u3002\u5C02\u9580\u306F\u690D\u7269\u751F\u614B\u5B66\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u690D\u751F\u5206\u5E03\u306E (gradient analysis) \u306E\u624B\u6CD5\u3092\u78BA\u7ACB\u3057\u3001 (climax pattern theory) \u3092\u63D0\u5531\u3057\u305F\u3002\u305D\u306E\u4ED6\u306B\u3082\u690D\u751F\u30FB\u690D\u7269\u7FA4\u843D\u306E\u5206\u5E03\u3084\u5206\u985E\u3001\u591A\u69D8\u6027\u306B\u95A2\u3059\u308B\u7814\u7A76\u3092\u6570\u591A\u304F\u6B8B\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u307E\u305F\u4E94\u754C\u8AAC\u306E\u63D0\u5531\u8005\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . "\u7F57\u4F2F\u7279\u00B7H\u00B7\u9B4F\u6CF0\u514B\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ARobert Harding Whittaker, 1920\u5E7412\u670827\u65E5\uFF0D1980\u5E7410\u670820\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u8457\u540D\u7684\u7F8E\u56FD\u751F\u7269\u5B66\u5BB6\u548C\u751F\u6001\u5B66\u5BB6\uFF0C\u4ED6\u57281969\u5E74\u63D0\u51FA\u7684\u9B4F\u6CF0\u514B\u4E94\u754C\u7CFB\u7EDF\uFF0C\u5C06\u751F\u7269\u5206\u4E3A\u539F\u6838\u751F\u7269\u754C\u3001\u539F\u751F\u751F\u7269\u754C\u3001\u690D\u7269\u754C\u3001\u771F\u83CC\u754C\u3001\u52A8\u7269\u754C\u4E94\u4E2A\u754C\uFF0C\u66FE\u5177\u6709\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u5F71\u54CD\u3002"@zh . "Robert Harding Whittaker (Wichita, 27 de diciembre de 1920 - ib\u00EDdem, 20 de octubre de 1980) fue un ec\u00F3logo vegetal, alg\u00F3logo y bot\u00E1nico estadounidense, activo entre 1950 y 1980. Nacido en Wichita (estado de Kansas), se licenci\u00F3 en la Universidad de Topeka y despu\u00E9s de realizar el servicio militar, obtuvo un doctorado en la Universidad de Illinois. All\u00ED se convirti\u00F3 en uno de los pioneros en el uso de marcadores radiactivos en el estudio de ecosistemas. Propuso tambi\u00E9n el sistema de en el estudio de las comunidades vegetales.\u200B Fue adem\u00E1s muy activo en el \u00E1rea de las comunidades de plantas, la sucesi\u00F3n ecol\u00F3gica de estas, y la productividad. En 1969, Robert H. Whittaker postul\u00F3 la clasificaci\u00F3n de los seres vivos en cinco reinos: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae y Animalia.\u200B Por este motivo se le invit\u00F3 a unirse a la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Estados Unidos en el a\u00F1o 1974. Obtuvo el premio de la Ecological Society of America de \u00ABEc\u00F3logo eminente\u00BB en el mismo a\u00F1o de su muerte. \n* La abreviatura \u00ABWhittaker\u00BB se emplea para indicar a Robert Whittaker como autoridad en la descripci\u00F3n y clasificaci\u00F3n cient\u00EDfica de los vegetales.\u200B"@es . . . . "Robert Harding Whittaker (Wichita, 27 december 1920 - 20 oktober 1980) was een Amerikaans ecoloog en taxonoom die vooral bekendheid kreeg door zijn indeling van organismen in vijf rijken:Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista en Monera."@nl . "\u0420\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0413\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0456\u043D\u0491 \u0412\u0456\u0442\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0435\u0440 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Robert Harding Whittaker; \u043D\u0430\u0440. 27 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u044F 1920 \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u043C.20 \u0436\u043E\u0432\u0442\u043D\u044F 1980) \u2014 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439-\u0435\u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433 \u0456 \u0444\u0456\u0442\u043E\u0446\u0435\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433, \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0437 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0456. \u0417\u0430\u0439\u043C\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043A\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043E\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0440\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0438\u043D\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u044C. \u0412\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044E\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0443\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0440\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0438\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0443 (\u0434\u0438\u0432. ), \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0437 \u043B\u0456\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0446\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u044F\u043C\u043A\u0443 \u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043C \u043E\u0431\u0491\u0440\u0443\u043D\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0456\u043B \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0437\u043C\u0456\u0432 \u043D\u0430 \u043F'\u044F\u0442\u044C \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0440\u0456\u043E\u0442\u0438, \u043D\u0430\u0439\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0448\u0456, \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0438, \u0440\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0438, \u0442\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0438. \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043A\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044E ; \u0432\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0432, \u0449\u043E \u043A\u043B\u0456\u043C\u0430\u043A\u0441 \u0454 \u043C\u043E\u0437\u0430\u0457\u0447\u043D\u0438\u043C (\u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043F\u0446\u0456\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0436\u0447\u0430 \u0434\u043E \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 )."@uk . "gradient theory in ecology"@en . "Eminent Ecologist Award"@en . "Robert Harding Whittaker"@nl . . "2791851"^^ . . . . . "Robert Harding Whittaker (December 27, 1920 \u2013 October 20, 1980) was an American plant ecologist, active in the 1950s to the 1970s. He was the first to propose the five kingdom taxonomic classification of the world's biota into the Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera in 1969. He also proposed the Whittaker Biome Classification, which categorized biome-types upon two abiotic factors: temperature and precipitation. Whittaker was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1974, received the Ecological Society of America's Eminent Ecologist Award in 1981, and was otherwise widely recognized and honored. He collaborated with many other ecologists including George Woodwell (Dartmouth), W. A. Niering, F. H. Bormann (Yale) and G. E. Likens (Cornell), and was particularly active in cultivating international collaborations."@en . . "\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062A \u0648\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0643\u0631"@ar . "Robert Whittaker"@cs . . . . . "Robert Whittaker"@in . "\u30ED\u30D0\u30FC\u30C8\u30FB\u30DB\u30A4\u30C3\u30BF\u30AB\u30FC"@ja . "\u0420\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0433 \u0423\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0435\u0440 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Robert Harding Whittaker; 27 \u0434\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044F 1920 \u2014 20 \u043E\u043A\u0442\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 1980) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433 \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0446\u0435\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433."@ru . . "\uB85C\uBC84\uD2B8 \uD718\uD0DC\uCEE4"@ko . "Robert Whittaker"@es . . . . . "Robert Harding Whittaker, f\u00F6dd 27 december 1920 i Wichita, Kansas, d\u00F6d 20 oktober 1980 i Ithaca, New York var en amerikansk v\u00E4xtekolog som var aktiv under 1950- till 1970-talen. Han tog en BA vid Washburn Municipal College (numera Washburn University) i Topeka, Kansas och sedan, efter avslutad milit\u00E4rtj\u00E4nst (som meteorolog vid flygvapnet), doktorsexamen vid University of Illinois. Han hade l\u00E4rar- och forskningstj\u00E4nster vid (d\u00E4r han var pionj\u00E4r med anv\u00E4ndandet av radioaktiva isotoper i studier av ekosystem), Washington State College i Pullman, Brooklyn College vid City University of New York, University of California, Irvine, och till sist, fr\u00E5n 1968 till sin d\u00F6d, Cornell University. Whittaker var en ledande f\u00F6respr\u00E5kare f\u00F6r och utvecklare av gradientanalys f\u00F6r att l\u00F6sa problem inom v\u00E4xtsamh\u00E4llesekologi. Han gav starka empiriska bel\u00E4gg mot vissa av Frederic Clements id\u00E9er om vegetationsutveckling. Whittaker var huvudsakligen aktiv inom v\u00E4xtsamh\u00E4llesanalys, succession och produktivitet. Han var f\u00F6rst med att, 1969, f\u00F6resl\u00E5 en taxonomisk indelning av allt levande i fem riken: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, och Monera. Han f\u00F6reslog ocks\u00E5 \"Whittakers biomklassificering\" som kategoriserar biom utifr\u00E5n tv\u00E5 abiotiska faktorer: temperatur och nederb\u00F6rd. Whittaker valdes in i National Academy of Science 1974 och tilldelades 1980 av . Ut\u00F6ver sina akademiska publikationer \u2013 ofta i prestigefyllda tidskrifter som exempelvis (\u00E5tta artiklar) och Science (sex artiklar) \u2013 skrev han boken Communities and Ecosystems 1970."@sv . . . . . "five-kingdom system"@en . . . . . "Robert Harding Whittaker (Wichita, 27 de dezembro de 1920 \u2014 Ithaca, 20 de outubro de 1980) foi um bi\u00F3logo, bot\u00E2nico e ecologista norte-americano. Whittaker prop\u00F4s em 1969 uma nova classifica\u00E7\u00E3o dos organismos, em cinco reinos, que \u00E9 classifica\u00E7\u00E3o atualmente adotada. Esses reinos, que se diferenciam pelo tipo de nutri\u00E7\u00E3o do ser vivo e pela organiza\u00E7\u00E3o de suas c\u00E9lulas, s\u00E3o os seguintes: \n* Monera: inclui os organismos procari\u00F3ticos bact\u00E9rias e algas azuis. \n* Protista: os protozo\u00E1rios (seres eucari\u00F3ticos, unicelulares e heterotr\u00F3ficos) e as algas (eucari\u00F3ticos, unicelulares e aut\u00F3trofos fotossintetizantes com pouca diferencia\u00E7\u00E3o das c\u00E9lulas) \n* Fungi: os fungos, uni ou pluricelulares, heter\u00F3trofos e n\u00E3o possuem tecido organizado. \n* Plantae (ou Metaphyta): os vegetais, eucari\u00F3ticos, multicelulares, que possuem clorofila e tecidos organizados (bri\u00F3fitas, pterid\u00F3fitas, gimnospermas e angiospermas) \n* Animalia (ou Metazoa): todos os animais, multicelulares, heter\u00F3trofos, de c\u00E9lulas eucari\u00F3ticas."@pt . "Robert Whittaker"@it . . . "\u0420\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0413\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0456\u043D\u0491 \u0412\u0456\u0442\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0435\u0440 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Robert Harding Whittaker; \u043D\u0430\u0440. 27 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u044F 1920 \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u043C.20 \u0436\u043E\u0432\u0442\u043D\u044F 1980) \u2014 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439-\u0435\u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433 \u0456 \u0444\u0456\u0442\u043E\u0446\u0435\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433, \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0437 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0456. \u0417\u0430\u0439\u043C\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043A\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043E\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0440\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0438\u043D\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u044C. \u0412\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044E\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0443\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0440\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0438\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0443 (\u0434\u0438\u0432. ), \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0437 \u043B\u0456\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0446\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u044F\u043C\u043A\u0443 \u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043C \u043E\u0431\u0491\u0440\u0443\u043D\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0456\u043B \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0437\u043C\u0456\u0432 \u043D\u0430 \u043F'\u044F\u0442\u044C \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0440\u0456\u043E\u0442\u0438, \u043D\u0430\u0439\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0448\u0456, \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0438, \u0440\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0438, \u0442\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0438. \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043A\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044E ; \u0432\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0432, \u0449\u043E \u043A\u043B\u0456\u043C\u0430\u043A\u0441 \u0454 \u043C\u043E\u0437\u0430\u0457\u0447\u043D\u0438\u043C (\u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043F\u0446\u0456\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0436\u0447\u0430 \u0434\u043E \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 )."@uk . . "Robert Whittaker"@pt . "Robert Harding Whittaker (Wichita, 27 de diciembre de 1920 - ib\u00EDdem, 20 de octubre de 1980) fue un ec\u00F3logo vegetal, alg\u00F3logo y bot\u00E1nico estadounidense, activo entre 1950 y 1980. Nacido en Wichita (estado de Kansas), se licenci\u00F3 en la Universidad de Topeka y despu\u00E9s de realizar el servicio militar, obtuvo un doctorado en la Universidad de Illinois. All\u00ED se convirti\u00F3 en uno de los pioneros en el uso de marcadores radiactivos en el estudio de ecosistemas. En 1969, Robert H. Whittaker postul\u00F3 la clasificaci\u00F3n de los seres vivos en cinco reinos: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae y Animalia.\u200B"@es . . "Robert Harding Whittaker"@en . . . . . . "Robert Harding Whittaker (1920\u20131980) adalah ekolog tanaman Amerika Serikat yang aktif dari tahun 1950-an hingga 1970-an. Ia lahir di Wichita, Kansas, dan memperoleh gelar B.A. di Washburn Municipal College (sekarang , dan gelar Ph.D. di Universitas Illinois. Ia merupakan pengusul dan pengembang untuk menjawab pertanyaan dalam ekologi komunitas tanaman. Ia juga merupakan orang pertama yang mengusulkan klasifikasi lima kerajaan."@in . "Robert Harding Whittaker est un \u00E9cologue et un botaniste am\u00E9ricain, n\u00E9 le 27 d\u00E9cembre 1920 \u00E0 Wichita au Kansas et mort le 20 octobre 1980."@fr . . "Robert Harding Whittaker"@en . . "\u0420\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0433 \u0423\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0435\u0440 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Robert Harding Whittaker; 27 \u0434\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044F 1920 \u2014 20 \u043E\u043A\u0442\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 1980) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433 \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0446\u0435\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433."@ru . "( \uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544\uC758 \uACA9\uD22C\uAE30 \uC120\uC218\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uB85C\uBC84\uD2B8 \uD718\uD0DC\uCEE4 (\uACA9\uD22C\uAE30 \uC120\uC218) \uBB38\uC11C\uB97C \uCC38\uACE0\uD558\uC2ED\uC2DC\uC624.) \uB85C\uBC84\uD2B8 \uD558\uB529 \uD718\uD0DC\uCEE4(Robert Harding Whittaker, 1920\uB144 12\uC6D4 27\uC77C ~ 1980\uB144 10\uC6D4 20\uC77C)\uB294 1950\uB144\uB300\uBD80\uD130 1970\uB144\uB300\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uD65C\uB3D9\uD55C \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 \uC800\uBA85\uD55C \uC2DD\uBB3C \uC0DD\uD0DC\uD559\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \uBBF8\uAD6D \uCE94\uC790\uC2A4\uC8FC \uC704\uCE58\uD1A0\uC5D0\uC11C \uD0DC\uC5B4\uB098 \uCE94\uC790\uC2A4\uC8FC \uD1A0\uD53C\uCE74\uC758 \uC5D0\uC11C \uC608\uC220 \uD559\uC0AC \uD559\uC704\uB97C \uBC1B\uC558\uC73C\uBA70 \uAD70 \uBCF5\uBB34\uB97C \uB9C8\uCE58\uACE0 \uC77C\uB9AC\uB178\uC774 \uB300\uD559\uAD50\uC5D0\uC11C \uBC15\uC0AC \uD559\uC704\uB97C \uBC1B\uC558\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB294 \uC6CC\uC2F1\uD134 \uD578\uD3EC\uB4DC\uC758 \uC6CC\uC2F1\uD134 \uC8FC\uB9BD \uB300\uD559\uAD50, \uD578\uD3EC\uB4DC \uAD6D\uB9BD \uC5F0\uAD6C\uC18C (\uADF8\uAC00 \uC0DD\uD0DC\uACC4\uB97C \uC5F0\uAD6C\uD558\uBA74\uC11C \uBC29\uC0AC\uC131 \uCD94\uC801\uC790\uB97C \uC774\uC6A9\uD55C \uACF3), , \uCE98\uB9AC\uD3EC\uB2C8\uC544 \uB300\uD559\uAD50 \uC5B4\uBC14\uC778, \uB05D\uC73C\uB85C \uCF54\uB12C \uB300\uD559\uAD50\uC5D0 \uBA38\uBB3C\uBA70 \uAD50\uC721\uACFC \uC5F0\uAD6C\uC9C1\uC73C\uB85C \uC784\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB294 \uB3D9\uBB3C\uACC4, \uC2DD\uBB3C\uACC4, \uADE0\uACC4, \uC6D0\uC0DD\uACC4, \uBAA8\uB124\uB77C\uACC4\uB77C\uB294 5\uACC4 \uC0DD\uBB3C \uBD84\uB958\uB97C \uC138\uACC4\uC5D0\uC11C \uCC98\uC74C\uC73C\uB85C \uC120\uC5B8\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB294 \uC0DD\uBB3C \uAD70\uACC4 \uD615\uD0DC\uB97C \uC628\uB3C4\uC640 \uAC15\uC218\uB77C\uB294 \uB450 \uAC00\uC9C0 \uBB34\uC0DD\uBB3C\uC801 \uC694\uC778\uC744 \uBC14\uD0D5\uC73C\uB85C \uD55C \uD718\uD0DC\uCEE4 \uC0DD\uBB3C \uAD70\uACC4 \uBD84\uB958\uB97C \uC120\uC5B8\uD558\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uD3D0\uC554\uC73C\uB85C \uD22C\uBCD1\uD558\uB2E4\uAC00 1980\uB144 10\uC6D4 20\uC77C 59\uC138\uC758 \uB098\uC774\uB85C \uD0C0\uACC4\uD588\uB2E4."@ko . . . "1118386151"^^ . "\u0423\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0435\u0440, \u0420\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0433"@ru . . "\u7F57\u4F2F\u7279\u00B7H\u00B7\u9B4F\u6CF0\u514B\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ARobert Harding Whittaker, 1920\u5E7412\u670827\u65E5\uFF0D1980\u5E7410\u670820\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u8457\u540D\u7684\u7F8E\u56FD\u751F\u7269\u5B66\u5BB6\u548C\u751F\u6001\u5B66\u5BB6\uFF0C\u4ED6\u57281969\u5E74\u63D0\u51FA\u7684\u9B4F\u6CF0\u514B\u4E94\u754C\u7CFB\u7EDF\uFF0C\u5C06\u751F\u7269\u5206\u4E3A\u539F\u6838\u751F\u7269\u754C\u3001\u539F\u751F\u751F\u7269\u754C\u3001\u690D\u7269\u754C\u3001\u771F\u83CC\u754C\u3001\u52A8\u7269\u754C\u4E94\u4E2A\u754C\uFF0C\u66FE\u5177\u6709\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u5F71\u54CD\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . "Robert Whittaker Harding (Wichita, 27 de desembre de 1920 - Ithaca, 20 d'octubre de 1980) fou un ec\u00F2leg bot\u00E0nic estatunidenc especialment prol\u00EDfic entre les d\u00E8cades de 1950 i 1970."@ca . "Robert Whittaker (Botaniker)"@de . "Robert Harding Whittaker (ur. 27 grudnia 1920 w Wichita, zm. 20 pa\u017Adziernika 1980) \u2013 ameryka\u0144ski botanik, ekolog i klimatolog. Kszta\u0142ci\u0142 si\u0119 w Washburn Municipal College (obecnie ) w Topeka (Kansas) oraz (po odbyciu s\u0142u\u017Cby wojskowej) na University of Illinois. Pracowa\u0142 naukowo i wyk\u0142ada\u0142 w Washington State College w , p\u00F3\u017Aniej w Hanford National Laboratories (gdzie prowadzi\u0142 pionierskie badania ekosystem\u00F3w z zastosowaniem znakowania pierwiastkami promieniotw\u00F3rczymi), Brooklyn College, i w ko\u0144cu na Cornell University. By\u0142 naukowcem, kt\u00F3ry rozwin\u0105\u0142 metodyk\u0119 bada\u0144 ekologii zbiorowisk ro\u015Blinnych opart\u0105 na analizie gradientu zmienno\u015Bci parametr\u00F3w \u015Brodowiska. Znalaz\u0142 mocne dowody empiryczne obalaj\u0105ce hipotezy dynamiki ro\u015Blinno\u015Bci stworzone przez Frederica Clementsa i uznawane przez kilkadziesi\u0105t"@pl . "American"@en . "Robert Harding Whittaker (* 27. Dezember 1920 in Wichita, Kansas, USA; \u2020 20. Oktober 1980) war ein US-amerikanischer Botaniker und Klimatologe. Sein offizielles botanisches Autorenk\u00FCrzel lautet \u201EWhittaker\u201C."@de . "Robert Harding Whittaker"@fr . . . . . "1980-10-20"^^ . . . . "Robert Harding Whittaker (Wichita, 27 dicembre 1920 \u2013 Ithaca, 20 ottobre 1980) \u00E8 stato un biologo statunitense, attivo tra gli anni 50 e la fine degli anni 70.Nato a Wichita, Kansas, ha ottenuto una laurea al Washburn College (ora Washburn University) a Topeka, Kansas; dopo il servizio militare consegue il dottorato di ricerca in Biologia presso la University of Illinois."@it . . "( \uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544\uC758 \uACA9\uD22C\uAE30 \uC120\uC218\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uB85C\uBC84\uD2B8 \uD718\uD0DC\uCEE4 (\uACA9\uD22C\uAE30 \uC120\uC218) \uBB38\uC11C\uB97C \uCC38\uACE0\uD558\uC2ED\uC2DC\uC624.) \uB85C\uBC84\uD2B8 \uD558\uB529 \uD718\uD0DC\uCEE4(Robert Harding Whittaker, 1920\uB144 12\uC6D4 27\uC77C ~ 1980\uB144 10\uC6D4 20\uC77C)\uB294 1950\uB144\uB300\uBD80\uD130 1970\uB144\uB300\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uD65C\uB3D9\uD55C \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 \uC800\uBA85\uD55C \uC2DD\uBB3C \uC0DD\uD0DC\uD559\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \uBBF8\uAD6D \uCE94\uC790\uC2A4\uC8FC \uC704\uCE58\uD1A0\uC5D0\uC11C \uD0DC\uC5B4\uB098 \uCE94\uC790\uC2A4\uC8FC \uD1A0\uD53C\uCE74\uC758 \uC5D0\uC11C \uC608\uC220 \uD559\uC0AC \uD559\uC704\uB97C \uBC1B\uC558\uC73C\uBA70 \uAD70 \uBCF5\uBB34\uB97C \uB9C8\uCE58\uACE0 \uC77C\uB9AC\uB178\uC774 \uB300\uD559\uAD50\uC5D0\uC11C \uBC15\uC0AC \uD559\uC704\uB97C \uBC1B\uC558\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB294 \uC6CC\uC2F1\uD134 \uD578\uD3EC\uB4DC\uC758 \uC6CC\uC2F1\uD134 \uC8FC\uB9BD \uB300\uD559\uAD50, \uD578\uD3EC\uB4DC \uAD6D\uB9BD \uC5F0\uAD6C\uC18C (\uADF8\uAC00 \uC0DD\uD0DC\uACC4\uB97C \uC5F0\uAD6C\uD558\uBA74\uC11C \uBC29\uC0AC\uC131 \uCD94\uC801\uC790\uB97C \uC774\uC6A9\uD55C \uACF3), , \uCE98\uB9AC\uD3EC\uB2C8\uC544 \uB300\uD559\uAD50 \uC5B4\uBC14\uC778, \uB05D\uC73C\uB85C \uCF54\uB12C \uB300\uD559\uAD50\uC5D0 \uBA38\uBB3C\uBA70 \uAD50\uC721\uACFC \uC5F0\uAD6C\uC9C1\uC73C\uB85C \uC784\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB294 \uB3D9\uBB3C\uACC4, \uC2DD\uBB3C\uACC4, \uADE0\uACC4, \uC6D0\uC0DD\uACC4, \uBAA8\uB124\uB77C\uACC4\uB77C\uB294 5\uACC4 \uC0DD\uBB3C \uBD84\uB958\uB97C \uC138\uACC4\uC5D0\uC11C \uCC98\uC74C\uC73C\uB85C \uC120\uC5B8\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB294 \uC0DD\uBB3C \uAD70\uACC4 \uD615\uD0DC\uB97C \uC628\uB3C4\uC640 \uAC15\uC218\uB77C\uB294 \uB450 \uAC00\uC9C0 \uBB34\uC0DD\uBB3C\uC801 \uC694\uC778\uC744 \uBC14\uD0D5\uC73C\uB85C \uD55C \uD718\uD0DC\uCEE4 \uC0DD\uBB3C \uAD70\uACC4 \uBD84\uB958\uB97C \uC120\uC5B8\uD558\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uD3D0\uC554\uC73C\uB85C \uD22C\uBCD1\uD558\uB2E4\uAC00 1980\uB144 10\uC6D4 20\uC77C 59\uC138\uC758 \uB098\uC774\uB85C \uD0C0\uACC4\uD588\uB2E4."@ko . . "Robert Harding Whittaker (Wichita, 27 de dezembro de 1920 \u2014 Ithaca, 20 de outubro de 1980) foi um bi\u00F3logo, bot\u00E2nico e ecologista norte-americano. Whittaker prop\u00F4s em 1969 uma nova classifica\u00E7\u00E3o dos organismos, em cinco reinos, que \u00E9 classifica\u00E7\u00E3o atualmente adotada. Esses reinos, que se diferenciam pelo tipo de nutri\u00E7\u00E3o do ser vivo e pela organiza\u00E7\u00E3o de suas c\u00E9lulas, s\u00E3o os seguintes:"@pt . . . . . . . . . . "Robert Whittaker (ecologist)"@en . "Robert Harding Whittaker (ur. 27 grudnia 1920 w Wichita, zm. 20 pa\u017Adziernika 1980) \u2013 ameryka\u0144ski botanik, ekolog i klimatolog. Kszta\u0142ci\u0142 si\u0119 w Washburn Municipal College (obecnie ) w Topeka (Kansas) oraz (po odbyciu s\u0142u\u017Cby wojskowej) na University of Illinois. Pracowa\u0142 naukowo i wyk\u0142ada\u0142 w Washington State College w , p\u00F3\u017Aniej w Hanford National Laboratories (gdzie prowadzi\u0142 pionierskie badania ekosystem\u00F3w z zastosowaniem znakowania pierwiastkami promieniotw\u00F3rczymi), Brooklyn College, i w ko\u0144cu na Cornell University. By\u0142 naukowcem, kt\u00F3ry rozwin\u0105\u0142 metodyk\u0119 bada\u0144 ekologii zbiorowisk ro\u015Blinnych opart\u0105 na analizie gradientu zmienno\u015Bci parametr\u00F3w \u015Brodowiska. Znalaz\u0142 mocne dowody empiryczne obalaj\u0105ce hipotezy dynamiki ro\u015Blinno\u015Bci stworzone przez Frederica Clementsa i uznawane przez kilkadziesi\u0105t lat w XX wieku. Koncentrowa\u0142 si\u0119 na badaniach zbiorowisk ro\u015Blinnych, sukcesji i produktywno\u015Bci ekosystem\u00F3w. Jako pierwszy zaproponowa\u0142 powszechnie przyj\u0119ty, a\u017C do 1990 roku, podzia\u0142 ziemskich organizm\u00F3w na pi\u0119\u0107 kr\u00F3lestw: Animalia (zwierz\u0119ta), Plantae (ro\u015Bliny), Fungi (grzyby), Protista (protisty) i Monera (prokarioty). System ten przypomina\u0142 zaproponowany sto lat wcze\u015Bniej przez Haeckla, a obecnie jest zast\u0119powany przez systemy trzech domen organizm\u00F3w, a w tym sze\u015Bciu supergrup eukariont\u00F3w."@pl . . . "B'\u00E9iceola\u00ED planda\u00ED Meirice\u00E1nach \u00E9 Robert Harding Whittaker (27 Nollaig 1920 \u2013 20 Deireadh F\u00F3mhair 1980), a bh\u00ED gn\u00EDomhach \u00F3 na caogaid\u00ED go dt\u00ED na seacht\u00F3id\u00ED. Rugadh \u00E9 in Wichita, Kansas, agus bhain s\u00E9 amach in Washburn Municipal College (anois Ollscoil Washburn) i dTopeka, Kansas, agus, i ndiaidh , gn\u00F3thaigh s\u00E9 ag . Bh\u00ED post teagaisc agus taighde aige in , Hanford, Washington, i Hanford National Laboratories (obair cheannr\u00F3da\u00EDochta aige ansin in \u00FAs\u00E1id i staid\u00E9ar na n-\u00E9iceach\u00F3ras), , Ollscoil California-Irvine, agus sa deireadh, . Ba \u00E9 Whittaker a ch\u00E9ad mhol (sa bhliain 1969) an C\u00F3ras C\u00FAig R\u00EDocht le haicmi\u00FA a dh\u00E9anamh ar neacha an Nad\u00FAir. An Tacsanoma\u00EDocht a thugtar ar an gcine\u00E1l ch\u00F3rais seo. Seo a leanas na C\u00FAig R\u00EDocht a mhol s\u00E9: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, , agus Monera."@ga . . . . . . "\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062A \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062F\u064A\u0646\u063A \u0648\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0643\u0631 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Robert Harding Whittaker)\u200F(27 \u062F\u064A\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\u060C 1920 \u2013 20 \u0623\u0643\u062A\u0648\u0628\u0631\u060C 1980) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u064A\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062A\u0627\u062A \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u060C \u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062F 1950 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062F 1970. \u0648\u0644\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0648\u064A\u062A\u0634\u064A\u062A\u0627\u060C \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060C \u062D\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062E\u062F\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u062D\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062F\u0643\u062A\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064A\u0646\u0648\u064A. \u0648\u062A\u0648\u0641\u064A \u0641\u064A 20 \u0623\u0643\u062A\u0648\u0628\u0631\u060C 1980 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0629."@ar . "Robert Harding Whittaker (Wichita, 27 dicembre 1920 \u2013 Ithaca, 20 ottobre 1980) \u00E8 stato un biologo statunitense, attivo tra gli anni 50 e la fine degli anni 70.Nato a Wichita, Kansas, ha ottenuto una laurea al Washburn College (ora Washburn University) a Topeka, Kansas; dopo il servizio militare consegue il dottorato di ricerca in Biologia presso la University of Illinois. Ha ricoperto posizioni di insegnamento e di ricerca a Washington State College di Hanford, Washington, la National Laboratories Hanford (dove ha sperimentato l'uso di traccianti radioattivi nello studio degli ecosistemi), Brooklyn College, University of California-Irvine, e infine la Cornell University. Estremamente attivo, Whittaker \u00E8 stato uno dei principali promotori e sviluppatori dell' per affrontare le questioni in ecologia vegetale. Ha fornito forte evidenza empirica contro alcune idee di sviluppo della vegetazione sostenuta da . Nel 1965 fu il primo a proporre la classificazione tassonomica dei cinque regni biologici del mondo eucariote in: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, protisti, e monere. Egli ha inoltre proposto la classificazione biologica di Whittaker.Whittaker \u00E8 stato eletto alla National Academy of Science nel 1974, nel 1975 ha proposta la suddivisione della Terra nei 9 biomi che oggi conosciamo basandosi su temperature medie e precipitazioni,ha ricevuto la Ecological Society of America's Eminent Ecologist Award', nel 1980, ed \u00E8 stato ampiamente riconosciuto in altro modo e onorato. Ha collaborato con molti altri ecologisti tra cui George Woodwell (Dartmouth), WA Neiring, Herb Borman (Yale) e GE paragona (Cornell) e fu particolarmente attivo nelle collaborazioni internazionali."@it .