. . "--01-17"^^ . . . . "--01-27"^^ . . . . "219117"^^ . . . . . . "RomulusAugustus.jpg"@en . . . . . "La Romia imperiestro estis la reganto de la Romia Imperio dum la imperia periodo (starte en la jaro 27 a.n.e.). La imperiestroj uzis varion de diferencaj titoloj la\u016Dlonge de la historio. Ofte kiam romiano estis priskribita kiel \"imperiestro\", tio respegulas ke li ekprenis la titolon Augustus a\u016D Caesar. Alia titolo ofte uzita estas imperator, origine militista honora titolo. La komencaj imperiestroj uzis anka\u016D la titolon princeps (unua civitano). Imperiestroj ofte amasigis respublikajn titolojn, \u0109efe Princeps senatus, Consul kaj Pontifex Maximus. La legitimeco de la regado de imperiestro dependis el lia kontrolo de la armeo kaj agnosko de la Senato; imperiestro estis normale proklamita de siaj trupoj, a\u016D investita pere de imperiaj titoloj fare de la Senato, a\u016D amba\u016D. La unuaj imperiestroj regis solaj; pli postaj imperiestroj foje regis kun kun-imperiestroj kaj kundividis la administracion de la Imperio inter ili. La Romianoj konsideris la postenon de imperiestro kiel distinga el tiu de re\u011Do. La unua imperiestro, A\u016Dgusto, absolute malakceptis agnoskon kiel monarko. Kvankam A\u016Dgusto povis postuli ke lia povo estas a\u016Dtente respublika, lia sukcedanto, Tiberio, ne povis konvinki fari la saman postulon. Tamen, por la unuaj tri cent jaroj de Romiaj Imperiestroj, el A\u016Dgusto \u011Dis Diokleciano, oni faris grandan klopodon por emfazi ke la imperiestroj estis la estroj de respubliko. El Diokleciano anta\u016Den, imperiestroj regis la\u016D klara monarkia stilo kaj tute ne konservis la teorian principon de respubliko, sed la kontrasto disde \"re\u011Doj\" estis plutenita: kvankam la imperia sukcedo estis \u011Denerale hereda, \u011Di estis hereda nur se estas ta\u016Dga kandidato akceptebla kaj al la armeo kaj al la burokrataro, tiel ke la principo de a\u016Dtomata heredo ne estis adoptita. Elementoj de la Respublika institucia kadro (senato, konsuloj, kaj magistratoj) estis konservitaj nur \u011Dis la fino mem de la Okcidenta Imperio."@eo . . . . . 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"Vexilloid of the Roman Empire.svg"@en . . . "Kaisar Romawi adalah pemimpin Romawi selama periode kekaisaran (dimulai sekitar 27 SM). Bangsa Romawi tidak punya satu istilah tertentu untuk jabatan ini: gelar latin seperti imperator, augustus, caesar (asal kata kaisar dalam Bahasa Indonesia), dan dapat dikaitkan terhadap jabatan ini. Dalam praktiknya, kaisar adalah penguasa tertinggi Romawi dan panglima tertinggi legiun Romawi."@in . "The Roman emperor was the ruler of the Roman Empire during the imperial period (starting with the granting of the title augustus to Octavian in 27 BC). The emperors used a variety of different titles throughout history. Often when a given Roman is described as becoming \"emperor\" in English it reflects his taking of the title augustus (and later basileus). Another title often used was caesar, used for heirs-apparent, and imperator, originally a military honorific. Early emperors also used the title princeps civitatis (\"first citizen\"). Emperors frequently amassed republican titles, notably princeps senatus, consul, and pontifex maximus. The legitimacy of an emperor's rule depended on his control of the army and recognition by the Senate; an emperor would normally be proclaimed by his troops, or invested with imperial titles by the Senate, or both. The first emperors reigned alone; later emperors would sometimes rule with co-emperors and divide administration of the empire between them. The Romans considered the office of emperor to be distinct from that of a king. The first emperor, Augustus, resolutely refused recognition as a monarch. For the first three hundred years of Roman emperors, from Augustus until Diocletian, efforts were made to portray the emperors as leaders of the republic, fearing any association with the kings of Rome prior to the Roman Republic. From Diocletian, whose tetrarchic reforms also divided the position into one emperor in the West and one in the East, until the end of the Empire, emperors ruled in an openly monarchic style and did not preserve the nominal principle of a republic, but the contrast with \"kings\" was maintained: although the imperial succession was generally hereditary, it was only hereditary if there was a suitable candidate acceptable to the army and the bureaucracy, so the principle of automatic inheritance was not adopted. Elements of the republican institutional framework (senate, consuls, and magistrates) were preserved even after the end of the Western Empire. The reign of Constantine the Great witnessed the removal of the Caput Mundi from Rome to Constantinople, formerly known as Byzantium, in 330 AD. The Western Roman Empire collapsed in the late 5th century after multiple invasions of imperial territory by Germanic barbarian tribes. Romulus Augustulus is often considered to have been the last emperor of the West, until his forced abdication in 476, although Julius Nepos maintained a claim recognized by the Eastern Empire to the title until his death in 480. Following Nepos's death, the Eastern emperor Zeno abolished the division of the position and proclaimed himself as the sole emperor of a reunited Roman Empire. The subsequent Eastern emperors ruling from Constantinople continued to style themselves \"Emperor of the Romans\" (later \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03CD\u03C2 \u1FEC\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD in Greek), but are often referred to in modern scholarship as Byzantine emperors. Constantine XI Palaiologos was the last Roman emperor in Constantinople, dying during the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. The \"Byzantine\" emperors from Heraclius in 629 and onwards adopted the monarchic title of basileus (\u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03CD\u03C2), which became a title reserved solely for the Roman emperor and the ruler of the Sasanian Empire. Other rulers were then referred to as r\u0113gas. In addition to their pontifical office, some emperors were given divine status after death. With the eventual hegemony of Christianity, the emperor came to be seen as God's chosen ruler, as well as a special protector and leader of the Christian Church on Earth, although in practice an emperor's authority on Church matters was subject to challenge. Due to the cultural rupture of the Ottoman conquest, most western historians treat Constantine XI Palaiologos as the last meaningful claimant to the title Roman emperor. From 1453, one of the titles used by the Ottoman Sultans was \"Caesar of Rome\" part of their titles until the Ottoman Empire ended in 1922. A Byzantine group of claimant Roman emperors existed in the Empire of Trebizond until its conquest by the Ottomans in 1461, though they had used a modified title since 1282. Eastern emperors in Constantinople had been recognized and accepted as Roman emperors both in the East, which they ruled, and by the papacy and Germanic kingdoms of the West until the deposition of Constantine VI and accession of Irene of Athens as Empress regnant in 797. Objecting to a woman ruling the Roman Empire in her own right and issues with the eastern clergy, the Papacy would then create a rival lineage of Roman emperors in western Europe, the Holy Roman Emperors, which ruled the Holy Roman Empire for most of the period between 800 and 1806. These emperors were never recognized as Roman emperors by the court in Constantinople and their coronations resulted in the medieval problem of two emperors."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "60880"^^ . . . "Seznam p\u0159edstavuje souhrn jedinc\u016F monarchicky vl\u00E1dnouc\u00EDch \u0159\u00EDmsk\u00E9 \u0159\u00ED\u0161i od konce 1. stolet\u00ED p\u0159. n. l. Prvn\u00ED z nich, Augustus, zavr\u0161il ob\u010Dansk\u00E9 v\u00E1lky, je\u017E vedly k z\u00E1niku \u0159\u00EDmsk\u00E9 republiky. Ve sv\u00FDch rukou soust\u0159edil zna\u010Dnou vojenskou a politickou moc a sv\u00E9 postaven\u00ED legitimizoval \u0159adou pravomoc\u00ED a titul\u016F p\u0159iznan\u00FDch mu \u0159\u00EDmsk\u00FDm sen\u00E1tem a p\u0159evzat\u00FDch po n\u011Bm v\u011Bt\u0161inou jeho n\u00E1stupc\u016F. Ke sv\u00E9mu p\u016Fvodn\u00EDmu jm\u00E9nu p\u0159ipojil \u010Destn\u00FD titul augustus, po sv\u00E9m otci zd\u011Bdil jm\u00E9no Caesar a b\u011B\u017En\u011B byl oslovov\u00E1n vojensk\u00FDm term\u00EDnem imperator. Na ve\u0159ejnosti se nechal titulovat neform\u00E1ln\u00EDm v\u00FDrazem (\u201Eprvn\u00ED ob\u010Dan\u201C), vyjad\u0159uj\u00EDc\u00EDm jeho v\u016Fd\u010D\u00ED pozici ve st\u00E1t\u011B a navozuj\u00EDc\u00EDm zd\u00E1n\u00ED zachov\u00E1n\u00ED republik\u00E1nsk\u00FDch tradic. Nov\u00E1 forma vl\u00E1dy, vznikaj\u00EDc\u00ED od roku 27 p\u0159. n. l., se proto naz\u00FDv\u00E1 princip\u00E1t."@cs . . "imperial"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0420\u0438\u0301\u043C\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C \u0420\u0438\u043C\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0432\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0436 \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043E\u0434\u0443 (\u043F\u043E\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0430\u044E\u0447\u0438 \u0437 27 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435.). \u0420\u0438\u043C\u043B\u044F\u043D\u0438 \u043D\u0435 \u0432\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0454\u0434\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0443 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0439\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0446\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0438\u0449\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0457 \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438. \u0423 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043D\u0456 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0438 \u0432\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0456 \u043B\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043B\u0438: imperator, augustus, caesar \u0456 princeps. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u044F\u0433\u043E\u043C \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0442\u043D\u0456 \u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043B\u0438. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E, \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0438\u043C\u043B\u044F\u043D\u0438\u043D \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u044E \u043C\u043E\u0432\u043E\u044E \u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u044F\u043A \u00AB\u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u00BB, \u0446\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0454 \u0442\u0435, \u0449\u043E \u0432\u0456\u043D \u043E\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0430\u0432 \u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043B augustus (\u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0437\u043D\u0456\u0448\u0435 basileus). \u0406\u043D\u0448\u0438\u043C \u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043B\u043E\u043C, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F, \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u0446\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0440, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0441\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0454\u043C\u0446\u0456\u0432, \u0456 \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440, \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043A\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043B. \u0420\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043B princeps civitatis (\u00AB\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0434\u044F\u043D\u0438\u043D\u00BB). \u0406\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044F\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0456\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043B\u0438, \u0437\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043F\u0441 \u0441\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0442, \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0443\u043B \u0456 \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0420\u0438\u043C\u043B\u044F\u043D\u0438 \u0432\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043D\u043E\u044E \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044F. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u0410\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442 \u0440\u0456\u0448\u0443\u0447\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043C\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0430. 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\u043C\u0430\u0433\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438) \u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0439 \u043F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u0440\u043E\u0437\u043F\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0417\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0457. \u041D\u0430 \u0434\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043E\u043A \u0434\u043E \u043F\u0430\u043F\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0430\u0434\u0438, \u0434\u0435\u044F\u043A\u0456 \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438 \u043F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u0441\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0456 \u043E\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0431\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441. \u0417 \u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u044E \u0433\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0454\u044E \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044F\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0433\u043B\u044F\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F \u044F\u043A \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0411\u043E\u0433\u043E\u043C \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u043D\u0438\u043A \u0456 \u043B\u0456\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044F\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0426\u0435\u0440\u043A\u0432\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0417\u0435\u043C\u043B\u0456, \u0445\u043E\u0447\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0456 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0441\u043A\u0430\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044E."@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Augustus"@en . "Per imperatore romano (in latino Imperator Romanus o Imperator Caesar Augustus, Princeps et Dominus, \"Imperatore Cesare Augusto, principe e signore\", somma dei vari titoli detenuti durante la storia romana) si intende comunemente oggi il capo dell'Impero romano a partire dal 27 a.C., quando il Senato confer\u00EC a Gaio Giulio Cesare Ottaviano l'agnomen di Augusto."@it . . . . . . . . . . "\u7F85\u99AC\u7687\u5E1D\u662F\u7F85\u99AC\u5E1D\u570B\u6642\u671F\u7684\u6700\u9AD8\u982D\u929C\uFF0C\u662F\u8EAB\u517C\u570B\u5BB6\u5143\u9996\u548C\u653F\u5E9C\u9996\u8166\u7684\u6700\u9AD8\u9818\u5C0E\u4EBA\u3002\u5728\u6B50\u6D32\u6B77\u53F2\u4E2D\uFF0C\u7687\u5E1D\uFF08\u62C9\u4E01\u8A9E\uFF1AImperator\uFF1B\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Aemperor\uFF09\u6E90\u81EA\u4E8E\u53E4\u7F57\u9A6C\u65F6\u671F\uFF0C\u97F3\u8B6F\u70BA\u201C\u82F1\u767D\u62C9\u591A\u201D\uFF0C\u539F\u610F\u662F\u7EDF\u5E05\uFF0C\u6E90\u81EA\u62C9\u4E01\u8A9E\uFF1AImperium\uFF08\u610F\u70BA\u6B0A\u5A01\u3001\u6B0A\u529B\u3001\u7D71\u6CBB\uFF09\u3002 \u7F85\u99AC\u5E1D\u653F\u6642\u671F\uFF08\u516C\u5143\u524D27\u5E74\uFF5E\u516C\u5143476\u5E74\uFF09\u662F\u5728\u7F85\u99AC\u5171\u548C\u570B\u6642\u671F\u4E4B\u5F8C\uFF0C\u7531\u65BC\u7F85\u99AC\u5167\u6230\u5C07\u672C\u4F86\u7531\u7F85\u99AC\u5143\u8001\u9662\u5BE6\u884C\u7684\u6B0A\u5229\u96C6\u65BC\u5C4B\u5927\u7DAD\u4E00\u8EAB\uFF0C\u800C\u7531\u5C4B\u5927\u7DAD\u5275\u7ACB\u7684\u653F\u5E9C\u9AD4\u5236\u3002\u4F5C\u70BA\u5171\u548C\u570B\u7368\u88C1\u5B98\u3001\u5927\u5F81\u670D\u8005\u51F1\u6492\u7684\u990A\u5B50\uFF0C\u5C4B\u5927\u7DAD\u4EE5\u51F1\u6492\u4E4B\u540D\u884C\u4E16\uFF0C\u540C\u5B89\u6771\u5C3C\u5C0D\u6297\u7684\u7F85\u99AC\u5171\u548C\u5167\u6230\u7D50\u675F\u5F8C\u5143\u8001\u9662\u9042\u5C01\u4ED6\u70BA\u300C\u5967\u53E4\u65AF\u90FD\u300D\uFF0C\u610F\u70BA\u81F3\u5C0A\u3001\u795E\u7684\u5316\u8EAB\u3002\u5C4B\u5927\u7DAD\u6B7B\u5F8C\uFF0C\u88AB\u7F85\u99AC\u5E1D\u570B\u795E\u683C\u5316\u5217\u5165\u795E\u7684\u884C\u5217\uFF0C\u800C\u201C\u51F1\u6492\u201D\uFF08\u4ED6\u501F\u7528\u7684\u540D\u5B57\uFF09\u548C\u201C\u5967\u53E4\u65AF\u90FD\u201D\uFF08\u4ED6\u7684\u7A31\u865F\uFF09\u5169\u8005\u9042\u6210\u70BA\u672A\u4F86400\u591A\u5E74\u7F85\u99AC\u7D71\u6CBB\u8005\u7684\u6C38\u4E45\u6027\u7A31\u865F\u3002\u6B64\u5916\u541B\u4E3B\u7684\u7A31\u865F\u8FD8\u6709\u9996\u5E2D\u5143\u8001\uFF08\u62C9\u4E01\u8A9E\uFF1Aprinceps senatus\uFF0C\u4E2D\u6587\u53C8\u8B6F\u70BA\u201C\u5143\u9996\u201D\u3001\u201C\u7B2C\u4E00\u516C\u6C11\u201D\uFF09\uFF0C\u76F4\u5230\u4E09\u4E16\u7D00\u672B\uFF0C\u7687\u5E1D\u6234\u514B\u91CC\u5148\u624D\u62CB\u68C4\u300C\u7B2C\u4E00\u516C\u6C11\u300D\u7684\u7A31\u865F\uFF0C\u53F2\u5B78\u5BB6\u901A\u5E38\u5C07\u5F9E\u5C4B\u5927\u7DAD\u81F3\u6234\u514B\u91CC\u5148\u7684\u7F85\u99AC\u5E1D\u570B\u653F\u9AD4\u7A31\u70BA\u5143\u9996\u5236\u3002"@zh . . "\u0158\u00EDmsk\u00FD c\u00EDsa\u0159"@cs . . . . . . . . . . "\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u7687\u5E1D\uFF08\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u3053\u3046\u3066\u3044\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u7D00\u5143\u524D27\u5E74\u306B\u5143\u8001\u9662\u3088\u308A\u300C\u30A2\u30A6\u30B0\u30B9\u30C8\u30A5\u30B9\uFF08Augustus\uFF09\u300D\u306E\u79F0\u53F7\u3092\u6388\u4E0E\u3055\u308C\u305F\u30AA\u30AF\u30BF\u30A6\u30A3\u30A2\u30CC\u30B9\u3068\u3001\u3053\u306E\u79F0\u53F7\u3092\u5E2F\u3073\u305F\u5F7C\u306E\u5F8C\u7D99\u8005\u305F\u3061\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3066\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u308B\u6B74\u53F2\u5B66\u7684\u306A\u540D\u79F0\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u300C\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u7687\u5E1D\u300D\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5358\u4E00\u306E\u8077\u4F4D\u304C\u3042\u3063\u305F\u306E\u3067\u306F\u306A\u304F\u3001\u8CC7\u8CEA\u3068\u5B9F\u7E3E\u3092\u8A8D\u3081\u3089\u308C\u305F\u7279\u5B9A\u306E\u4EBA\u7269\u304C\u8907\u6570\u306E\u91CD\u8981\u306A\u5F79\u8077\u306B\u5C31\u304F\u3053\u3068\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6A29\u529B\u3092\u72EC\u5360\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u72B6\u614B\u306B\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610F\u5473\u3059\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . "Emperador romano es el t\u00E9rmino utilizado por los historiadores para referirse a los gobernantes del Imperio romano tras la ca\u00EDda de la Rep\u00FAblica romana. En la Antigua Roma no exist\u00EDa el t\u00EDtulo de \u00ABemperador romano\u00BB, sino que este t\u00EDtulo era m\u00E1s bien una abreviatura pr\u00E1ctica para una complicada reuni\u00F3n de cargos y poderes. A pesar de la popularidad actual del t\u00EDtulo, el primero en ostentarlo realmente fue Miguel I Rangab\u00E9 a principios del siglo IX, cuando se hizo llamar Basileus Rhomaion (\u2018emperador de los romanos\u2019). Hay que tener en cuenta que en aquella \u00E9poca el significado de Basileus hab\u00EDa cambiado de \u2018soberano\u2019 a \u2018emperador\u2019. Tampoco exist\u00EDa ning\u00FAn t\u00EDtulo o rango an\u00E1logo al t\u00EDtulo de emperador, sino que todos los t\u00EDtulos asociados tradicionalmente al emperador ten\u00EDan su origen en la \u00E9poca republicana. La discusi\u00F3n sobre los emperadores romanos est\u00E1 influenciada en gran medida por el punto de vista editorial de los historiadores. Los mismos romanos no compart\u00EDan los modernos conceptos mon\u00E1rquicos de \u00ABimperio\u00BB y \u00ABemperador\u00BB. Durante su existencia, el Imperio romano conserv\u00F3 todas las instituciones pol\u00EDticas y las tradiciones de la Rep\u00FAblica romana, incluyendo el Senado y las asambleas. En general, no se puede describir a los emperadores como gobernantes de iure. Oficialmente, el cargo de emperador era considerado como el \u00ABprimero entre iguales\u00BB (primus inter pares), y muchos de ellos no llegaron a ser gobernantes de facto, sino que frecuentemente fueron simples testaferros de poderosos bur\u00F3cratas, funcionarios, mujeres y generales."@es . . . . . . . . . . . "L'emperador rom\u00E0 fou el governant de l'Imperi Rom\u00E0 entre el 27 aC i el 1453. Les persones que ocuparen aquest c\u00E0rrec assumiren diferents t\u00EDtols al llarg de la hist\u00F2ria. L'emperador era la m\u00E0xima autoritat de l'imperi, dotat de l'imperium (govern)."@ca . "Imperador romano (em latim: Imperator Romanorum) \u00E9 a denomina\u00E7\u00E3o que os historiadores usam para se referir aos governantes do Imp\u00E9rio Romano, o per\u00EDodo na Roma Antiga que sucedeu \u00E0 Rep\u00FAblica Romana. O t\u00EDtulo de \"imperador romano\" n\u00E3o definia uma fun\u00E7\u00E3o precisa e legal, sen\u00E3o que \u00E9 um modo de sintetizar uma complicada reuni\u00E3o de cargos e poderes que foram acrescentados, subtra\u00EDdos ou mudados no percurso dos s\u00E9culos. Todos os t\u00EDtulos associados tradicionalmente ao imperador tinham a sua origem na \u00E9poca republicana."@pt . "\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u7687\u5E1D\uFF08\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u3053\u3046\u3066\u3044\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u7D00\u5143\u524D27\u5E74\u306B\u5143\u8001\u9662\u3088\u308A\u300C\u30A2\u30A6\u30B0\u30B9\u30C8\u30A5\u30B9\uFF08Augustus\uFF09\u300D\u306E\u79F0\u53F7\u3092\u6388\u4E0E\u3055\u308C\u305F\u30AA\u30AF\u30BF\u30A6\u30A3\u30A2\u30CC\u30B9\u3068\u3001\u3053\u306E\u79F0\u53F7\u3092\u5E2F\u3073\u305F\u5F7C\u306E\u5F8C\u7D99\u8005\u305F\u3061\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3066\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u308B\u6B74\u53F2\u5B66\u7684\u306A\u540D\u79F0\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u300C\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u7687\u5E1D\u300D\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5358\u4E00\u306E\u8077\u4F4D\u304C\u3042\u3063\u305F\u306E\u3067\u306F\u306A\u304F\u3001\u8CC7\u8CEA\u3068\u5B9F\u7E3E\u3092\u8A8D\u3081\u3089\u308C\u305F\u7279\u5B9A\u306E\u4EBA\u7269\u304C\u8907\u6570\u306E\u91CD\u8981\u306A\u5F79\u8077\u306B\u5C31\u304F\u3053\u3068\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6A29\u529B\u3092\u72EC\u5360\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u72B6\u614B\u306B\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610F\u5473\u3059\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . "Un empereur romain est le principal dirigeant de l'Empire romain, depuis la fin de la R\u00E9publique romaine avec Auguste (en 27 av. J.-C.) jusqu'\u00E0 la chute des empires et principaut\u00E9s issues de la d\u00E9composition de l'empire byzantin. Dans la p\u00E9riode antique, le terme ne d\u00E9finit pas de fonction pr\u00E9cise et l\u00E9gale mais plut\u00F4t un conglom\u00E9rat de pouvoirs, initialement li\u00E9s \u00E0 des fonctions de la p\u00E9riode r\u00E9publicaine ; cette accumulation de pouvoirs a \u00E9volu\u00E9 au fil des si\u00E8cles. Le titre d'\u00AB empereur \u00BB, r\u00E9sultant d'un concept assez moderne, n'\u00E9tait pas utilis\u00E9 par les Romains avec le m\u00EAme sens : si un homme \u00E9tait \u00AB empereur proclam\u00E9 \u00BB, il \u00E9tait souvent appel\u00E9 \u00AB Auguste \u00BB, \u00AB C\u00E9sar \u00BB ou \u00AB Imperator \u00BB pour les militaires (dont est d\u00E9riv\u00E9 le terme empereur), alors que le titre est aujourd'hui utilis\u00E9 pour r\u00E9sumer la position tenue par les individus d\u00E9tenteurs du pouvoir dans l'Empire romain. Comme l'\u00E9crit Paul Veyne : \u00AB Le r\u00F4le d'empereur romain \u00E9tait d'une ambigu\u00EFt\u00E9 \u00E0 rendre fou [\u2026]. Un C\u00E9sar devait avoir quatre langages : celui d'un chef dont le pouvoir civil est de type militaire et qui donne des ordres ; celui d'un \u00EAtre sup\u00E9rieur (mais sans \u00EAtre un dieu vivant) vers lequel monte un culte de la personnalit\u00E9 ; celui d'un membre du grand conseil d'Empire, le S\u00E9nat, o\u00F9 il n'est que le premier parmi ses pairs, qui n'en tremblent pas moins pour leur t\u00EAte ; celui du premier magistrat de l'Empire qui communique avec ses citoyens et s'explique devant eux \u00BB. Il est un simple mandataire de la collectivit\u00E9, charg\u00E9 par elle de diriger la r\u00E9publique. Les empereurs romains refusaient d'\u00EAtre consid\u00E9r\u00E9s comme des rois, pr\u00E9f\u00E9rant l'id\u00E9e d'appara\u00EEtre comme des repr\u00E9sentants de la R\u00E9publique. Le premier empereur, Auguste, \u00E9vite toute association avec le terme de monarque, clamant que ses pouvoirs sont authentiquement r\u00E9publicains, et avec la p\u00E9riode du principat (27 av. J.-C.-285), les institutions r\u00E9publicaines (s\u00E9nat et magistratures) sont conserv\u00E9es, et l'empereur est consid\u00E9r\u00E9 primus inter pares, \u00AB premier entre ses pairs \u00BB, bien que les pouvoirs soient de fait concentr\u00E9s dans leurs mains. Avec Diocl\u00E9tien, qui amorce le dominat (285-476), ces institutions sont abandonn\u00E9es, et les empereurs deviennent des \u00AB monarques \u00BB, bien que le contraste avec les \u00AB rois \u00BB soit maintenu, et deviennent dominus et deus, \u00AB ma\u00EEtre et dieu \u00BB. Au sein de l'Empire romain d'Orient, les empereurs adoptent le titre de Basileus (\u00AB roi \u00BB en grec), mais qui est r\u00E9serv\u00E9 aux empereurs \u00AB romains \u00BB, alors que les autres rois sont appel\u00E9s Rigas. En plus de leur fonction pontificale (Pontifex Maximus), les empereurs avaient un statut divin, initialement apr\u00E8s leur mort, et, depuis le dominat, \u00E0 partir de leur accession au pouvoir. Lorsque le christianisme pr\u00E9vaut sur le paganisme, le statut religieux des empereurs change, pour devenir lieutenant du Christ sur Terre."@fr . "L'emperador rom\u00E0 fou el governant de l'Imperi Rom\u00E0 entre el 27 aC i el 1453. Les persones que ocuparen aquest c\u00E0rrec assumiren diferents t\u00EDtols al llarg de la hist\u00F2ria. L'emperador era la m\u00E0xima autoritat de l'imperi, dotat de l'imperium (govern)."@ca . . "\u0406\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0420\u0438\u043C\u0443"@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . "La Romia imperiestro estis la reganto de la Romia Imperio dum la imperia periodo (starte en la jaro 27 a.n.e.). La imperiestroj uzis varion de diferencaj titoloj la\u016Dlonge de la historio. Ofte kiam romiano estis priskribita kiel \"imperiestro\", tio respegulas ke li ekprenis la titolon Augustus a\u016D Caesar. Alia titolo ofte uzita estas imperator, origine militista honora titolo. La komencaj imperiestroj uzis anka\u016D la titolon princeps (unua civitano). Imperiestroj ofte amasigis respublikajn titolojn, \u0109efe Princeps senatus, Consul kaj Pontifex Maximus."@eo . . . . "\uB85C\uB9C8 \uD669\uC81C"@ko . . "Seznam p\u0159edstavuje souhrn jedinc\u016F monarchicky vl\u00E1dnouc\u00EDch \u0159\u00EDmsk\u00E9 \u0159\u00ED\u0161i od konce 1. stolet\u00ED p\u0159. n. l. Prvn\u00ED z nich, Augustus, zavr\u0161il ob\u010Dansk\u00E9 v\u00E1lky, je\u017E vedly k z\u00E1niku \u0159\u00EDmsk\u00E9 republiky. Ve sv\u00FDch rukou soust\u0159edil zna\u010Dnou vojenskou a politickou moc a sv\u00E9 postaven\u00ED legitimizoval \u0159adou pravomoc\u00ED a titul\u016F p\u0159iznan\u00FDch mu \u0159\u00EDmsk\u00FDm sen\u00E1tem a p\u0159evzat\u00FDch po n\u011Bm v\u011Bt\u0161inou jeho n\u00E1stupc\u016F. Ke sv\u00E9mu p\u016Fvodn\u00EDmu jm\u00E9nu p\u0159ipojil \u010Destn\u00FD titul augustus, po sv\u00E9m otci zd\u011Bdil jm\u00E9no Caesar a b\u011B\u017En\u011B byl oslovov\u00E1n vojensk\u00FDm term\u00EDnem imperator. Na ve\u0159ejnosti se nechal titulovat neform\u00E1ln\u00EDm v\u00FDrazem (\u201Eprvn\u00ED ob\u010Dan\u201C), vyjad\u0159uj\u00EDc\u00EDm jeho v\u016Fd\u010D\u00ED pozici ve st\u00E1t\u011B a navozuj\u00EDc\u00EDm zd\u00E1n\u00ED zachov\u00E1n\u00ED republik\u00E1nsk\u00FDch tradic. Nov\u00E1 forma vl\u00E1dy, vznikaj\u00EDc\u00ED od roku 27 p\u0159. n. l., se proto naz\u00FDv\u00E1 princip\u00E1t. Po Augustov\u011B smrti se vl\u00E1da p\u0159ed\u00E1vala mezi jeho p\u0159\u00EDbuzn\u00FDmi a \u010Dleny rodu, julsko-klaudijsk\u00E9 dynastie. V letech 68 a\u017E 69 se \u0159\u00ED\u0161e pohrou\u017Eila do ob\u010Dansk\u00E9 v\u00E1lky, po jej\u00EDm\u017E skon\u010Den\u00ED z\u00EDskala moc flaviovsk\u00E1 dynastie. V\u011Bt\u0161\u00ED \u010D\u00E1st 2. stolet\u00ED panovali \u0159\u00ED\u0161i adoptivn\u00ED c\u00EDsa\u0159i. Dal\u0161\u00ED kolo ob\u010Dansk\u00E9 v\u00E1lky se odehr\u00E1lo v letech 193 a\u017E 194, na\u010De\u017E nastoupila severovsk\u00E1 dynastie. N\u00E1sledovala krize 3. stolet\u00ED, v jej\u00EDm\u017E pr\u016Fb\u011Bhu se na tr\u016Fn\u011B vyst\u0159\u00EDdal nespo\u010Det c\u00EDsa\u0159\u016F, panuj\u00EDc\u00EDch obvykle velmi kr\u00E1tkou dobu. Krize p\u0159ivodila t\u00E9m\u011B\u0159 \u00FApln\u00FD rozvrat \u0159\u00ED\u0161e a vy\u00FAstila ve zhroucen\u00ED princip\u00E1tu. Op\u011Btovn\u00E1 konsolidace nastala po n\u00E1stupu Diocletiana v roce 284. C\u00EDsa\u0159sk\u00E1 moc nabyla ryze absolutistick\u00FD charakter a jej\u00ED nositel byl ozna\u010Dov\u00E1n jako (\u201Ep\u00E1n\u201C). Toto obdob\u00ED se na z\u00E1klad\u011B toho n\u011Bkdy naz\u00FDv\u00E1 domin\u00E1t. Jin\u00E1 z\u00E1sadn\u00ED zm\u011Bna spo\u010D\u00EDvala v nastolen\u00ED , tedy v p\u0159enesen\u00ED vl\u00E1dy na n\u011Bkolik c\u00EDsa\u0159\u016F panuj\u00EDc\u00EDch z\u00E1rove\u0148. Tento syst\u00E9m spoluvl\u00E1dy dvou star\u0161\u00EDch c\u00EDsa\u0159\u016F s titulem august\u016F (augusti) a dvou mlad\u0161\u00EDch s titulem caesar\u016F (caesares) se ale rozpadl brzy po Diocletianov\u011B abdikaci. Za pozd\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDch dynasti\u00ED, a valentini\u00E1nsk\u00E9, se op\u011Btovn\u011B prok\u00E1zala nezbytnost rozd\u011Blen\u00ED spr\u00E1vy \u0159\u00ED\u0161e mezi v\u00EDce c\u00EDsa\u0159\u016F. Za theodosiovsk\u00E9 dynastie se imp\u00E9rium v roce 395 trvale rozd\u011Blilo na z\u00E1pado\u0159\u00EDmskou a v\u00FDchodo\u0159\u00EDmskou \u0159\u00ED\u0161i. V 5. stolet\u00ED se c\u00EDsa\u0159ov\u00E9 na Z\u00E1pad\u011B ocitli ve st\u00EDnu vojensk\u00FDch velitel\u016F, kte\u0159\u00ED nedok\u00E1zali zabr\u00E1nit kolapsu z\u00E1padn\u00ED \u0159\u00ED\u0161e. V\u00FDchod se za\u010Dal prom\u011B\u0148ovat v byzantskou \u0159\u00ED\u0161i a po\u010D\u00EDnaje 6. stolet\u00EDm se pro tam\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED vl\u00E1dce st\u00E1le \u010Dast\u011Bji u\u017E\u00EDvalo \u0159eck\u00E9ho term\u00EDnu basileus. P\u0159ehled c\u00EDsa\u0159\u016F uzav\u00EDr\u00E1 Justini\u00E1n I., posledn\u00ED v\u00FDznamn\u00FD panovn\u00EDk, jeho\u017E rodn\u00FDm jazykem byla latina."@cs . . "Imperador romano (em latim: Imperator Romanorum) \u00E9 a denomina\u00E7\u00E3o que os historiadores usam para se referir aos governantes do Imp\u00E9rio Romano, o per\u00EDodo na Roma Antiga que sucedeu \u00E0 Rep\u00FAblica Romana. O t\u00EDtulo de \"imperador romano\" n\u00E3o definia uma fun\u00E7\u00E3o precisa e legal, sen\u00E3o que \u00E9 um modo de sintetizar uma complicada reuni\u00E3o de cargos e poderes que foram acrescentados, subtra\u00EDdos ou mudados no percurso dos s\u00E9culos. Todos os t\u00EDtulos associados tradicionalmente ao imperador tinham a sua origem na \u00E9poca republicana. O conceito de \"imperador romano\" depende em grande medida do ponto de vista dos historiadores, uma vez que para os pr\u00F3prios romanos n\u00E3o havia a associa\u00E7\u00E3o moderna do conceito mon\u00E1rquico com \"imp\u00E9rio\" e \"imperador\", mantendo o Imp\u00E9rio Romano as institui\u00E7\u00F5es pol\u00EDticas e as tradi\u00E7\u00F5es da Rep\u00FAblica Romana, incluindo o senado e as assembleias."@pt . . . "Emperador romano es el t\u00E9rmino utilizado por los historiadores para referirse a los gobernantes del Imperio romano tras la ca\u00EDda de la Rep\u00FAblica romana. En la Antigua Roma no exist\u00EDa el t\u00EDtulo de \u00ABemperador romano\u00BB, sino que este t\u00EDtulo era m\u00E1s bien una abreviatura pr\u00E1ctica para una complicada reuni\u00F3n de cargos y poderes. A pesar de la popularidad actual del t\u00EDtulo, el primero en ostentarlo realmente fue Miguel I Rangab\u00E9 a principios del siglo IX, cuando se hizo llamar Basileus Rhomaion (\u2018emperador de los romanos\u2019). Hay que tener en cuenta que en aquella \u00E9poca el significado de Basileus hab\u00EDa cambiado de \u2018soberano\u2019 a \u2018emperador\u2019. Tampoco exist\u00EDa ning\u00FAn t\u00EDtulo o rango an\u00E1logo al t\u00EDtulo de emperador, sino que todos los t\u00EDtulos asociados tradicionalmente al emperador ten\u00EDan su origen en la \u00E9p"@es . . . . . 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"\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0644\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0628\u062F\u0623 \u0641\u064A \u062D\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064A 27 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F). \u0644\u0645 \u064A\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u062D\u062F \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062A\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 (IMPERATOR) (\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u064A\u0633\u062A\u0645\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641\u060C \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 empereur \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0629)\u060C \u0623\u063A\u0633\u0637\u0633 \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u062A\u064A\u0646\u064A \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062C\u0651\u0644)\u060C \u0648\u0642\u064A\u0635\u0631 princeps \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628. \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060C \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062C\u062D\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629."@ar . "\uB85C\uB9C8 \uD669\uC81C(\uB77C\uD2F4\uC5B4: Imperator Romanus \uC784\uD398\uB77C\uD1A0\uB974 \uB85C\uB9C8\uB204\uC2A4[*], \uC601\uC5B4: Roman Emperor)\uB294 \uC544\uC6B0\uAD6C\uC2A4\uD22C\uC2A4\uB97C \uC2DC\uCD08\uB85C \uD558\uB294 \uB85C\uB9C8 \uC81C\uAD6D\uC758 \uD669\uC81C\uB97C \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u7F85\u99AC\u7687\u5E1D\u662F\u7F85\u99AC\u5E1D\u570B\u6642\u671F\u7684\u6700\u9AD8\u982D\u929C\uFF0C\u662F\u8EAB\u517C\u570B\u5BB6\u5143\u9996\u548C\u653F\u5E9C\u9996\u8166\u7684\u6700\u9AD8\u9818\u5C0E\u4EBA\u3002\u5728\u6B50\u6D32\u6B77\u53F2\u4E2D\uFF0C\u7687\u5E1D\uFF08\u62C9\u4E01\u8A9E\uFF1AImperator\uFF1B\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Aemperor\uFF09\u6E90\u81EA\u4E8E\u53E4\u7F57\u9A6C\u65F6\u671F\uFF0C\u97F3\u8B6F\u70BA\u201C\u82F1\u767D\u62C9\u591A\u201D\uFF0C\u539F\u610F\u662F\u7EDF\u5E05\uFF0C\u6E90\u81EA\u62C9\u4E01\u8A9E\uFF1AImperium\uFF08\u610F\u70BA\u6B0A\u5A01\u3001\u6B0A\u529B\u3001\u7D71\u6CBB\uFF09\u3002 \u7F85\u99AC\u5E1D\u653F\u6642\u671F\uFF08\u516C\u5143\u524D27\u5E74\uFF5E\u516C\u5143476\u5E74\uFF09\u662F\u5728\u7F85\u99AC\u5171\u548C\u570B\u6642\u671F\u4E4B\u5F8C\uFF0C\u7531\u65BC\u7F85\u99AC\u5167\u6230\u5C07\u672C\u4F86\u7531\u7F85\u99AC\u5143\u8001\u9662\u5BE6\u884C\u7684\u6B0A\u5229\u96C6\u65BC\u5C4B\u5927\u7DAD\u4E00\u8EAB\uFF0C\u800C\u7531\u5C4B\u5927\u7DAD\u5275\u7ACB\u7684\u653F\u5E9C\u9AD4\u5236\u3002\u4F5C\u70BA\u5171\u548C\u570B\u7368\u88C1\u5B98\u3001\u5927\u5F81\u670D\u8005\u51F1\u6492\u7684\u990A\u5B50\uFF0C\u5C4B\u5927\u7DAD\u4EE5\u51F1\u6492\u4E4B\u540D\u884C\u4E16\uFF0C\u540C\u5B89\u6771\u5C3C\u5C0D\u6297\u7684\u7F85\u99AC\u5171\u548C\u5167\u6230\u7D50\u675F\u5F8C\u5143\u8001\u9662\u9042\u5C01\u4ED6\u70BA\u300C\u5967\u53E4\u65AF\u90FD\u300D\uFF0C\u610F\u70BA\u81F3\u5C0A\u3001\u795E\u7684\u5316\u8EAB\u3002\u5C4B\u5927\u7DAD\u6B7B\u5F8C\uFF0C\u88AB\u7F85\u99AC\u5E1D\u570B\u795E\u683C\u5316\u5217\u5165\u795E\u7684\u884C\u5217\uFF0C\u800C\u201C\u51F1\u6492\u201D\uFF08\u4ED6\u501F\u7528\u7684\u540D\u5B57\uFF09\u548C\u201C\u5967\u53E4\u65AF\u90FD\u201D\uFF08\u4ED6\u7684\u7A31\u865F\uFF09\u5169\u8005\u9042\u6210\u70BA\u672A\u4F86400\u591A\u5E74\u7F85\u99AC\u7D71\u6CBB\u8005\u7684\u6C38\u4E45\u6027\u7A31\u865F\u3002\u6B64\u5916\u541B\u4E3B\u7684\u7A31\u865F\u8FD8\u6709\u9996\u5E2D\u5143\u8001\uFF08\u62C9\u4E01\u8A9E\uFF1Aprinceps senatus\uFF0C\u4E2D\u6587\u53C8\u8B6F\u70BA\u201C\u5143\u9996\u201D\u3001\u201C\u7B2C\u4E00\u516C\u6C11\u201D\uFF09\uFF0C\u76F4\u5230\u4E09\u4E16\u7D00\u672B\uFF0C\u7687\u5E1D\u6234\u514B\u91CC\u5148\u624D\u62CB\u68C4\u300C\u7B2C\u4E00\u516C\u6C11\u300D\u7684\u7A31\u865F\uFF0C\u53F2\u5B78\u5BB6\u901A\u5E38\u5C07\u5F9E\u5C4B\u5927\u7DAD\u81F3\u6234\u514B\u91CC\u5148\u7684\u7F85\u99AC\u5E1D\u570B\u653F\u9AD4\u7A31\u70BA\u5143\u9996\u5236\u3002"@zh . "The Roman emperor was the ruler of the Roman Empire during the imperial period (starting with the granting of the title augustus to Octavian in 27 BC). The emperors used a variety of different titles throughout history. Often when a given Roman is described as becoming \"emperor\" in English it reflects his taking of the title augustus (and later basileus). Another title often used was caesar, used for heirs-apparent, and imperator, originally a military honorific. Early emperors also used the title princeps civitatis (\"first citizen\"). Emperors frequently amassed republican titles, notably princeps senatus, consul, and pontifex maximus."@en . . . . "Roman coins of the emperors Romulus Augustulus and Julius Nepos, the last emperors of the Western Roman Empire, although Nepos was a de jure ruler in Dalmatia after the deposition of Romulus Augustulus"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Empereur romain"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "-027-01-16"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kaisar Romawi adalah pemimpin Romawi selama periode kekaisaran (dimulai sekitar 27 SM). Bangsa Romawi tidak punya satu istilah tertentu untuk jabatan ini: gelar latin seperti imperator, augustus, caesar (asal kata kaisar dalam Bahasa Indonesia), dan dapat dikaitkan terhadap jabatan ini. Dalam praktiknya, kaisar adalah penguasa tertinggi Romawi dan panglima tertinggi legiun Romawi. Sebagai pemegang jabatan princeps Senatus, kaisar dapat membuka dan menutup setiap sesi senat, menyusun agenda senat, membuat aturan untuk dipatuhi oleh senat, dan bertemu dengan duta besar asing atas nama senat. Menjabat sebagai pontifex maximus membuat kaisar menjadi pemimpin tertinggi keagamaan, memberikan dia wewenang untuk memimpin semua upacara keagamaan, menyucikan kuil, mengatur kalender Romawi (menambahkan atau menghapus hari jika diperlukan), menunjuk perawan vesta dan , memimpin (perkumpulan pendeta), dan meringkas dogma agama Romawi."@in . . "380"^^ . . . . . "Un empereur romain est le principal dirigeant de l'Empire romain, depuis la fin de la R\u00E9publique romaine avec Auguste (en 27 av. J.-C.) jusqu'\u00E0 la chute des empires et principaut\u00E9s issues de la d\u00E9composition de l'empire byzantin. En plus de leur fonction pontificale (Pontifex Maximus), les empereurs avaient un statut divin, initialement apr\u00E8s leur mort, et, depuis le dominat, \u00E0 partir de leur accession au pouvoir. Lorsque le christianisme pr\u00E9vaut sur le paganisme, le statut religieux des empereurs change, pour devenir lieutenant du Christ sur Terre."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . "Roman Senate and/or Roman Military"@en . "the Roman Empire"@en . . . . "Romia imperiestro"@eo . . . . . . . . . . . "\u03A1\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03AF\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03AC\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03B1\u03C2"@el . . . . . . . . . . . "\uB85C\uB9C8 \uD669\uC81C(\uB77C\uD2F4\uC5B4: Imperator Romanus \uC784\uD398\uB77C\uD1A0\uB974 \uB85C\uB9C8\uB204\uC2A4[*], \uC601\uC5B4: Roman Emperor)\uB294 \uC544\uC6B0\uAD6C\uC2A4\uD22C\uC2A4\uB97C \uC2DC\uCD08\uB85C \uD558\uB294 \uB85C\uB9C8 \uC81C\uAD6D\uC758 \uD669\uC81C\uB97C \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . "Kaisar Romawi"@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Vexillum of the emperor"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "First to command"@en . . . . . . . . . . "Roman emperor"@en . . . . . "\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Per imperatore romano (in latino Imperator Romanus o Imperator Caesar Augustus, Princeps et Dominus, \"Imperatore Cesare Augusto, principe e signore\", somma dei vari titoli detenuti durante la storia romana) si intende comunemente oggi il capo dell'Impero romano a partire dal 27 a.C., quando il Senato confer\u00EC a Gaio Giulio Cesare Ottaviano l'agnomen di Augusto. In epoca romana il titolo non aveva lo stesso uso odierno, e l'imperatore era chiamato comunemente col titolo di cesare o con quello di augusto, talvolta princeps e solo in seguito dominus (sotto il dominato il dominus era augusto e l'erede era cesare). Il termine \"imperatore\" discende dal latino imperator, titolo originariamente denso di significati religiosi e successivamente conferito ai condottieri vittoriosi, contenente in s\u00E9 il riferimento all'imperium, cio\u00E8 allo stesso ambito religioso, civile e militare. A partire da Giulio Cesare (che non era un imperatore nel senso moderno, ma un dittatore a vita, dictator perpetuus) tale titolo prese ad essere aggiunto, come praenomen, al nome personale dell'uomo pi\u00F9 potente di Roma."@it . . . . . . "1123865616"^^ . . . . . "\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u7687\u5E1D"@ja . . . . "Imperator, Augustus, Caesar, Princeps, Dominus Noster, Autokrator or Basileus"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Emperador rom\u00E0"@ca . . . . . "Emperador romano"@es . "Imperatore romano"@it . . . "Imperador romano"@pt . . . . . . "\u7F85\u99AC\u7687\u5E1D"@zh . . . . "Emperor"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . .