. . . . "\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0643\u062A\u0644\u0646\u062F\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . "Scottish Baronial (auch Scots Baronial oder Scotch Baronial; deutsch Schottischer Baroniestil) ist ein historistischer Architekturstil, der sich im 19. Jahrhundert in Schottland entwickelte. Er basierte auf der wehrhaften Architektur der Tower Houses aus dem sp\u00E4ten 16. und fr\u00FChen 17. Jahrhundert und war die schottische Variante der damals in ganz Europa verbreiteten Neugotik. Merkmale des Stils sind gro\u00DFe Herrenh\u00E4user und Schl\u00F6sser auf dem Land, die im Inneren dem technischen Standard und Komfortanspruch des 19. Jahrhunderts entsprachen, w\u00E4hrend ihr \u00C4u\u00DFeres den Eindruck eines Herrensitzes aus dem 16./17. Jahrhundert vermittelte. Dazu bedienten sich die Architekten vor allem solcher Elemente wie D\u00E4cher unterschiedlicher H\u00F6he, Zinnenkr\u00E4nze, T\u00FCrme mit Scharwachtt\u00FCrmchen, Stufengiebel und Lanzettfenster, wobei die Wehrelemente keine milit\u00E4rischen Aufgaben mehr hatten, sondern nur noch der Dekoration des Geb\u00E4udes dienten. Die Entwicklung des Stils wurde beg\u00FCnstigt durch eine gesellschaftliche Str\u00F6mung, die \u2013 durch die Werke des schottischen Schriftstellers Sir Walter Scott inspiriert \u2013 das Interesse f\u00FCr eine eigene schottische Identit\u00E4t wiedererweckt hatte. Schottland sollte nicht l\u00E4nger nur das \u201En\u00F6rdliche Gro\u00DFbritannien\u201C sein, und so besann man sich auf origin\u00E4r Schottisches, wie die Burgenarchitektur Schottlands. Scott war es auch, f\u00FCr den mit Abbotsford House ein Herrensitz errichtet wurde, dessen Stil ein Vorl\u00E4ufer des Scottish Baronial war. Zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts entwarf James Gillespie Graham zahlreiche Bauten im Stil des Scottish Baronials, wobei er sich im Gegensatz zu dessen sp\u00E4teren Vertretern st\u00E4rker an mittelalterlichen Sakralbauten als an der Burgenarchitektur orientierte. Um 1830 griff William Burn (1789\u20131870) den Stil auf und entwickelte ihn weiter. Sein Sch\u00FCler und sp\u00E4terer Partner (1803\u20131876) wurde der ber\u00FChmteste Vertreter des Scottish Baronials. Auf seine Pl\u00E4ne gingen unter anderem (1857) und das von 1846 bis 1850 erbaute Balfour Castle zur\u00FCck. Ein weiteres Beispiel f\u00FCr diesen Stil ist Dunrobin Castle, das ab 1844 durch Charles Barry f\u00FCr den zweiten Duke of Sutherland erweitert wurde. Das wahrscheinlich bekannteste Geb\u00E4ude ist jedoch Balmoral Castle, das die britische K\u00F6nigin Viktoria in der Zeit von 1853 bis 1856 als Sommerresidenz in den Highlands errichten lie\u00DF. \n* Beispiele f\u00FCr Scottish Baronial \n* Abbotsford House \n* Balfour Castle \n* Dunrobin Castle \n* Balmoral Castle"@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Le Scottish baronial style (litt\u00E9ralement \u00AB style baronnial \u00E9cossais \u00BB en anglais) est un mouvement architectural n\u00E9ogothique n\u00E9 en \u00C9cosse au d\u00E9but du XIXe si\u00E8cle et populaire jusqu'\u00E0 la Premi\u00E8re Guerre mondiale. Il se base sur des \u00E9l\u00E9ments des ch\u00E2teaux, manoirs et maisons-tours \u00E9cossaises de la p\u00E9riode de la Renaissance, comme le ch\u00E2teau de Craigievar et le ch\u00E2teau de Newark. Il s'agit d'une fusion de l'architecture n\u00E9ogothique appliqu\u00E9e aux ch\u00E2teaux, par Horace Walpole par exemple, avec l'ancienne architecture d\u00E9fensive \u00E9cossaise. L'un des premiers exemples en est Abbotsford House, la demeure du romancier sir Walter Scott, construite pour lui sur les berges de la rivi\u00E8re Tweed dans les Scottish Borders. Les b\u00E2timents de ce style pr\u00E9sentent fr\u00E9quemment des tours cantonn\u00E9es de poivri\u00E8res. Les fa\u00EEtes de la toiture ne sont pas tous au m\u00EAme niveau, les ch\u00E9neaux cr\u00E9nel\u00E9s imitant des remparts \u00E9tant souvent interrompus par les pignons de fa\u00E7ade des lucarnes. Si des fen\u00EAtres en lancette ornent tours et pignons de fa\u00E7ade, de larges baies vitr\u00E9es sont \u00E9galement courantes, leurs g\u00E2bles de baie \u00E9tant eux aussi cr\u00E9nel\u00E9s et amortis de pinacles. Porches, portiques et portes coch\u00E8res sont imit\u00E9s des ch\u00E2teaux, des fausses herses pouvant \u00EAtre suspendues au-dessus de la porte principale, flanqu\u00E9e d'animaux h\u00E9raldiques et de motifs architecturaux m\u00E9di\u00E9vaux. Ce style fut particuli\u00E8rement employ\u00E9 pour les b\u00E2timents publics, comme l' (en), et ne fut pas limit\u00E9 \u00E0 l'\u00C9cosse, puisqu'il se propagea dans l'ensemble de l'Empire britannique, comme le (en) pr\u00E8s de Dunedin en Nouvelle-Z\u00E9lande, la Casa Loma \u00E0 Toronto en Ontario au Canada, le (en) \u00E0 Victoria en Colombie-Britannique (Canada), ou le Fairmont Banff Springs \u00E0 Banff en Alberta (Canada). \n* Portail de l\u2019\u00C9cosse \n* Portail de l\u2019architecture et de l\u2019urbanisme"@fr . . . . . . . . . "Scottish baronial architecture"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "2652743"^^ . . . . . . . . . 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"Scottish baronial style"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Scottish Baronial"@de . . 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\u0639\u0627\u0645 1920 \u0641\u064A \u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u062F\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649."@ar . "20144"^^ . . . . . . . . "Lo Stile baronale scozzese \u00E8 parte dell'architettura neogotica, che usa elementi e forme stilistiche dei castelli, delle casetorri e delle magioni del periodo del periodo gotico in Scozia, come il Castello di Craigievar e il a Port Glasgow. Lo stile neogotico fu popolare dall'inizio del diciannovesimo secolo fino alla prima guerra mondiale."@it . . . . . . . . "Lo Stile baronale scozzese \u00E8 parte dell'architettura neogotica, che usa elementi e forme stilistiche dei castelli, delle casetorri e delle magioni del periodo del periodo gotico in Scozia, come il Castello di Craigievar e il a Port Glasgow. Lo stile neogotico fu popolare dall'inizio del diciannovesimo secolo fino alla prima guerra mondiale."@it . . . . "Scottish baronial or Scots baronial is an architectural style of 19th century Gothic Revival which revived the forms and ornaments of historical architecture of Scotland in the Late Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period. Reminiscent of Scottish castles, buildings in the Scots baronial style are characterised by elaborate rooflines embellished with conical roofs, tourelles, and battlements with Machicolations, often with an asymmetric plan. Popular during the fashion for Romanticism and the Picturesque, Scots baronial architecture was equivalent to the Jacobethan Revival of 19th-century England, and likewise revived the Late Gothic appearance of the fortified domestic architecture of the elites in the Late Middle Ages and the architecture of the Jacobean era. Among architects of the Scots baronial style in the Victorian era were William Burn and David Bryce. Romanticism in Scotland coincided with a Scottish national identity during the 19th century, and some of the most emblematic country residences of 19th-century Scotland were built in this style, including Queen Victoria's Balmoral Castle and Walter Scott's Abbotsford, while in urban settings Cockburn Street, Edinburgh was one street built wholly in baronial style. Baronial style buildings were typically of stone, whether ashlar or masonry. Following Robert William Billings's Baronial and Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Scotland, architectural historians identified the stylistic features characteristic of the baronial castles built from the latter 16th century as Scots baronial style, which as a revived idiom architects continued to employ up until 1930s. Scottish baronial was core influence on Charles Rennie Mackintoshs Modern Style architecture. The style was considered a British national idiom emblematic of Scotland, and was widely used for public buildings, country houses, residences and follies throughout the British Empire. The Scottish National War Memorial was the last significant monument of the baronial style, built 1920 in Edinburgh Castle after World War I."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "1110682716"^^ . . . . . . . "Le Scottish baronial style (litt\u00E9ralement \u00AB style baronnial \u00E9cossais \u00BB en anglais) est un mouvement architectural n\u00E9ogothique n\u00E9 en \u00C9cosse au d\u00E9but du XIXe si\u00E8cle et populaire jusqu'\u00E0 la Premi\u00E8re Guerre mondiale. Ce style fut particuli\u00E8rement employ\u00E9 pour les b\u00E2timents publics, comme l' (en), et ne fut pas limit\u00E9 \u00E0 l'\u00C9cosse, puisqu'il se propagea dans l'ensemble de l'Empire britannique, comme le (en) pr\u00E8s de Dunedin en Nouvelle-Z\u00E9lande, la Casa Loma \u00E0 Toronto en Ontario au Canada, le (en) \u00E0 Victoria en Colombie-Britannique (Canada), ou le Fairmont Banff Springs \u00E0 Banff en Alberta (Canada)."@fr . . . . . . . . "Stile baronale scozzese"@it . . . . . . "\u0421\u0442\u0438\u043B\u044C \u0448\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"Scottish Baronial (auch Scots Baronial oder Scotch Baronial; deutsch Schottischer Baroniestil) ist ein historistischer Architekturstil, der sich im 19. Jahrhundert in Schottland entwickelte. Er basierte auf der wehrhaften Architektur der Tower Houses aus dem sp\u00E4ten 16. und fr\u00FChen 17. Jahrhundert und war die schottische Variante der damals in ganz Europa verbreiteten Neugotik. \n* Beispiele f\u00FCr Scottish Baronial \n* Abbotsford House \n* Balfour Castle \n* Dunrobin Castle \n* Balmoral Castle"@de . . . . . "Scottish baronial or Scots baronial is an architectural style of 19th century Gothic Revival which revived the forms and ornaments of historical architecture of Scotland in the Late Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period. Reminiscent of Scottish castles, buildings in the Scots baronial style are characterised by elaborate rooflines embellished with conical roofs, tourelles, and battlements with Machicolations, often with an asymmetric plan. Popular during the fashion for Romanticism and the Picturesque, Scots baronial architecture was equivalent to the Jacobethan Revival of 19th-century England, and likewise revived the Late Gothic appearance of the fortified domestic architecture of the elites in the Late Middle Ages and the architecture of the Jacobean era."@en . . .