. . . . . "\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u6B66\u88DD\u4E2D\u7ACB\u806F\u76DF\uFF08Second League of Armed Neutrality\uFF09\u6216\u7A31\u5317\u65B9\u806F\u76DF\uFF08League of the North\uFF09\u662F\u7531\u5317\u6B50\u5F31\u5C0F\u6D77\u8ECD\u529B\u91CF\uFF0C\u5305\u62EC\u4E39\u9EA5\u3001\u666E\u9B6F\u58EB\u3001\u745E\u5178\u548C\u4FC4\u570B\uFF0C\u6240\u7D44\u6210\u7684\u806F\u76DF\u3002\u662F\u6B21\u4E2D\u7ACB\u806F\u76DF\u5728\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u53CD\u6CD5\u540C\u76DF\u6230\u722D\u671F\u9593\uFF0C\u65BC1800\u30011801\u5E74\u9593\u51FA\u73FE\uFF0C\u7531\u6C99\u7687\u4FDD\u7F85\u4E00\u4E16\u6240\u5021\u8B70\u3002\u9019\u662F\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u6B66\u88DD\u4E2D\u7ACB\u806F\u76DF\u7684\u5FA9\u6D3B\uFF0C\u56E0\u70BA\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u806F\u76DF\u5728\u7F8E\u570B\u7368\u7ACB\u6230\u722D\u671F\u9593\u767C\u63EE\u4E86\u9817\u6210\u529F\u7684\u6548\u679C\uFF0C\u6210\u529F\u5B64\u7ACB\u82F1\u570B\uFF0C\u4E26\u963B\u6B62\u4E86\u4EFB\u4F55\u8A66\u5716\u9A37\u64FE\u76DF\u570B\u8239\u904B\u7684\u884C\u52D5\u3002\u7136\u800C\uFF0C\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u806F\u76DF\u6BD4\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u806F\u76DF\u537B\u986F\u5F97\u8F03\u70BA\u905C\u8272\u3002 \u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u806F\u76DF\u539F\u610F\u70BA\u4FDD\u8B77\u4E2D\u7ACB\u570B\u8239\u904B\uFF0C\u514D\u53D7\u82F1\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u7684\u6230\u6642\u653F\u7B56\uFF0C\u7121\u9650\u5236\u6514\u622A\u904B\u5F80\u6CD5\u570B\u7684\u7981\u904B\u54C1\uFF0C\u4EE5\u963B\u6B62\u4EFB\u4F55\u5C0D\u6CD5\u570B\u7684\u8ECD\u5099\u652F\u63F4\u6216\u8CBF\u6613\u3002\u82F1\u570B\u653F\u5E9C\u4E26\u672A\u6709\u6B23\u8CDE\u4FC4\u570B\u7684\u5584\u610F\uFF0C\u53CD\u800C\u8A8D\u70BA\u806F\u76DF\u662F\u516C\u7136\u8207\u6CD5\u570B\u52FE\u7D50\uFF0C\u4E26\u9032\u653B\u4E86\u4E39\u9EA5\uFF0C\u5728\u54E5\u672C\u54C8\u6839\u6D77\u6230\u4E2D\u6467\u6BC0\u5176\u5927\u90E8\u4EFD\u8266\u968A\uFF0C\u903C\u4F7F\u4E39\u9EA5\u9000\u51FA\u806F\u76DF\u30021801\u5E743\u6708\uFF0C\u4FDD\u7F85\u4E00\u4E16\u99D5\u5D29\uFF0C\u7E7C\u4F4D\u7684\u4E9E\u6B77\u5C71\u5927\u4E00\u4E16\u6539\u8B8A\u4E86\u4FC4\u7F85\u65AF\u7684\u653F\u7B56\uFF0C\u5C0E\u81F4\u806F\u76DF\u7684\u5D29\u89E3\u3002\u4FC4\u570B\u7A0D\u5F8C\u52A0\u5165\u4E86\u8207\u82F1\u570B\u7684\u806F\u76DF\uFF0C\u4E26\u5C0D\u6297\u4EE5\u62FF\u7834\u5D19\u70BA\u9996\u7684\u6CD5\u570B\u3002"@zh . "Zweite Nordische Konvention zur bewaffneten Neutralit\u00E4t"@de . . . . . . "The Second League of Armed Neutrality or the League of the North was an alliance of the north European naval powers Denmark\u2013Norway, Prussia, Sweden, and Russia. It existed between 1800 and 1801 during the War of the Second Coalition and was initiated by Tsar Paul I of Russia. It was a revival of the First League of Armed Neutrality (1780), which had been quite successful during the American War of Independence in isolating Britain and resisting attempts to interfere with their shipping. However, unlike the First League, the Second League was considered to be much less successful."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Second League of Armed Neutrality 1800"@en . "Alliance"@en . . . . . . . "Segunda Liga da Neutralidade Armada"@pt . . . . . "Second League of Armed Neutrality"@en . . . . "\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u6B66\u88DD\u4E2D\u7ACB\u806F\u76DF\uFF08Second League of Armed Neutrality\uFF09\u6216\u7A31\u5317\u65B9\u806F\u76DF\uFF08League of the North\uFF09\u662F\u7531\u5317\u6B50\u5F31\u5C0F\u6D77\u8ECD\u529B\u91CF\uFF0C\u5305\u62EC\u4E39\u9EA5\u3001\u666E\u9B6F\u58EB\u3001\u745E\u5178\u548C\u4FC4\u570B\uFF0C\u6240\u7D44\u6210\u7684\u806F\u76DF\u3002\u662F\u6B21\u4E2D\u7ACB\u806F\u76DF\u5728\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u53CD\u6CD5\u540C\u76DF\u6230\u722D\u671F\u9593\uFF0C\u65BC1800\u30011801\u5E74\u9593\u51FA\u73FE\uFF0C\u7531\u6C99\u7687\u4FDD\u7F85\u4E00\u4E16\u6240\u5021\u8B70\u3002\u9019\u662F\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u6B66\u88DD\u4E2D\u7ACB\u806F\u76DF\u7684\u5FA9\u6D3B\uFF0C\u56E0\u70BA\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u806F\u76DF\u5728\u7F8E\u570B\u7368\u7ACB\u6230\u722D\u671F\u9593\u767C\u63EE\u4E86\u9817\u6210\u529F\u7684\u6548\u679C\uFF0C\u6210\u529F\u5B64\u7ACB\u82F1\u570B\uFF0C\u4E26\u963B\u6B62\u4E86\u4EFB\u4F55\u8A66\u5716\u9A37\u64FE\u76DF\u570B\u8239\u904B\u7684\u884C\u52D5\u3002\u7136\u800C\uFF0C\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u806F\u76DF\u6BD4\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u806F\u76DF\u537B\u986F\u5F97\u8F03\u70BA\u905C\u8272\u3002 \u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u806F\u76DF\u539F\u610F\u70BA\u4FDD\u8B77\u4E2D\u7ACB\u570B\u8239\u904B\uFF0C\u514D\u53D7\u82F1\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u7684\u6230\u6642\u653F\u7B56\uFF0C\u7121\u9650\u5236\u6514\u622A\u904B\u5F80\u6CD5\u570B\u7684\u7981\u904B\u54C1\uFF0C\u4EE5\u963B\u6B62\u4EFB\u4F55\u5C0D\u6CD5\u570B\u7684\u8ECD\u5099\u652F\u63F4\u6216\u8CBF\u6613\u3002\u82F1\u570B\u653F\u5E9C\u4E26\u672A\u6709\u6B23\u8CDE\u4FC4\u570B\u7684\u5584\u610F\uFF0C\u53CD\u800C\u8A8D\u70BA\u806F\u76DF\u662F\u516C\u7136\u8207\u6CD5\u570B\u52FE\u7D50\uFF0C\u4E26\u9032\u653B\u4E86\u4E39\u9EA5\uFF0C\u5728\u54E5\u672C\u54C8\u6839\u6D77\u6230\u4E2D\u6467\u6BC0\u5176\u5927\u90E8\u4EFD\u8266\u968A\uFF0C\u903C\u4F7F\u4E39\u9EA5\u9000\u51FA\u806F\u76DF\u30021801\u5E743\u6708\uFF0C\u4FDD\u7F85\u4E00\u4E16\u99D5\u5D29\uFF0C\u7E7C\u4F4D\u7684\u4E9E\u6B77\u5C71\u5927\u4E00\u4E16\u6539\u8B8A\u4E86\u4FC4\u7F85\u65AF\u7684\u653F\u7B56\uFF0C\u5C0E\u81F4\u806F\u76DF\u7684\u5D29\u89E3\u3002\u4FC4\u570B\u7A0D\u5F8C\u52A0\u5165\u4E86\u8207\u82F1\u570B\u7684\u806F\u76DF\uFF0C\u4E26\u5C0D\u6297\u4EE5\u62FF\u7834\u5D19\u70BA\u9996\u7684\u6CD5\u570B\u3002"@zh . "A Segunda Liga da Neutralidade Armada ou a Liga do Norte foi uma alian\u00E7a militar das pot\u00EAncias navais do Norte da Europa: Reino da Dinamarca e Noruega, Pr\u00FAssia, Su\u00E9cia e Imp\u00E9rio Russo. A Liga existiu entre 1800 e 1801 durante a Guerra da Segunda Coliga\u00E7\u00E3o e foi criada por iniciativa de Paulo I da R\u00FAssia. Foi uma recria\u00E7\u00E3o da Primeira Liga da Neutralidade Armada que tinha obtido sucesso durante a Guerra da Independ\u00EAncia dos Estados Unidos em isolar a Gr\u00E3-Bretanha e resistir \u00E0s suas tentativas de interfer\u00EAncia no transporte mar\u00EDtimo daquelas pot\u00EAncias. A Segunda Liga n\u00E3o conseguiu ter tanto sucesso como a Primeira. O objectivo da Segunda Liga era proteger os transportes mar\u00EDtimos dos pa\u00EDses neutrais contra as a\u00E7\u00F5es da Marinha Real Brit\u00E2nica (Royal Navy) de fiscaliza\u00E7\u00E3o ilimitada sobre quaisquer transportes mar\u00EDtimos para Fran\u00E7a, numa tentativa de cortar o fornecimento de abastecimentos militares e de outros g\u00E9neros para Primeira Rep\u00FAblica Francesa. O governo brit\u00E2nico, n\u00E3o considerando essencial preservar a boa vontade dos Russos, considerou a forma\u00E7\u00E3o da Liga como uma forma de alian\u00E7a com a Fran\u00E7a e atacou a Dinamarca destruindo parte da sua frota na Batalha de Copenhaga a 2 de Abril de 1801. esta a\u00E7\u00E3o for\u00E7ou a Dinamarca a abandonar a Liga. Em resposta a esta a\u00E7\u00E3o, a Pr\u00FAssia invadiu Han\u00F4ver nesse mesmo m\u00EAs de Abril. Dado que o Eleitor (governante) de Han\u00F4ver era o Rei de Inglaterra, esta foi uma forma de atingir os interesses brit\u00E2nicos. A morte de Paulo I da R\u00FAssia em Mar\u00E7o de 1801 e a subida ao trono de Alexandre I conduziu a uma altera\u00E7\u00E3o da pol\u00EDtica do Imp\u00E9rio Russo e a Liga acabou por se dissolver. Mais tarde, a R\u00FAssia juntar-se-ia \u00E0 Gr\u00E3-Bretanha numa coliga\u00E7\u00E3o contra a Fran\u00E7a Napole\u00F3nica."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . "Liga Zbrojnej Neutralno\u015Bci \u2013 obowi\u0105zuj\u0105ce mi\u0119dzy grudniem 1800 a kwietniem 1801 roku porozumienie mi\u0119dzy Rosj\u0105, Prusami, Szwecj\u0105 oraz Kr\u00F3lestwem Danii i Norwegii. Liga powsta\u0142a z inicjatywy cara Paw\u0142a I, jako pr\u00F3ba reaktywacji porozumienia o tej samej nazwie, obowi\u0105zuj\u0105cego w latach 1780-1783 w czasie wojny francusko-angielskiej. Celem paktu by\u0142a obrona morskich interes\u00F3w pa\u0144stw-sygnatariuszy w czasie wojny II koalicji z Francj\u0105. Praktycznym efektem powstania Ligi by\u0142o wprowadzenie przez nale\u017C\u0105ce do niej pa\u0144stwa embarga na handel z Wielk\u0105 Brytani\u0105."@pl . "The Second League of Armed Neutrality or the League of the North was an alliance of the north European naval powers Denmark\u2013Norway, Prussia, Sweden, and Russia. It existed between 1800 and 1801 during the War of the Second Coalition and was initiated by Tsar Paul I of Russia. It was a revival of the First League of Armed Neutrality (1780), which had been quite successful during the American War of Independence in isolating Britain and resisting attempts to interfere with their shipping. However, unlike the First League, the Second League was considered to be much less successful."@en . . . "Liga Zbrojnej Neutralno\u015Bci (1800\u20131801)"@pl . "20094515"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "Die Zweite Nordische Konvention zur bewaffneten Neutralit\u00E4t war eine vertragliche Vereinbarung abgeschlossen am 16. Dezember 1800 in St. Petersburg zun\u00E4chst zwischen Russland und Schweden, der D\u00E4nemark und Preu\u00DFen unverz\u00FCglich beitraten: D\u00E4nemark noch am 16. Dezember 1800, Preu\u00DFen am 19. Dezember 1800. Zielsetzung der Vereinbarung war der Schutz des Seehandels neutraler Staaten gegen die \u00DCbergriffe kriegf\u00FChrender M\u00E4chte zur See. Hierzu wurde zun\u00E4chst ein striktes Verbot festgelegt, auf neutralen Schiffen Kriegsmaterial mitzuf\u00FChren, sogenannte Konterbande, weiter aber auch ein gegenseitiges Schutzb\u00FCndnis der beteiligten Staaten festgeschrieben, den Handel zu See betreffend. Die Konvention wurde von den beteiligten Staaten \u00FCber den Wortlaut hinaus sehr weit ausgelegt und von der zu dieser Zeit dominierenden Seemacht Gro\u00DFbritannien als Aggression verstanden. In der Folge kam es zu teils heftigen kriegerischen Aktionen, insbesondere zur ersten Seeschlacht von Kopenhagen am 2. April 1801."@de . . "Second League of Armed Neutrality"@en . . . . "1096935144"^^ . "Die Zweite Nordische Konvention zur bewaffneten Neutralit\u00E4t war eine vertragliche Vereinbarung abgeschlossen am 16. Dezember 1800 in St. Petersburg zun\u00E4chst zwischen Russland und Schweden, der D\u00E4nemark und Preu\u00DFen unverz\u00FCglich beitraten: D\u00E4nemark noch am 16. Dezember 1800, Preu\u00DFen am 19. Dezember 1800. Zielsetzung der Vereinbarung war der Schutz des Seehandels neutraler Staaten gegen die \u00DCbergriffe kriegf\u00FChrender M\u00E4chte zur See. Hierzu wurde zun\u00E4chst ein striktes Verbot festgelegt, auf neutralen Schiffen Kriegsmaterial mitzuf\u00FChren, sogenannte Konterbande, weiter aber auch ein gegenseitiges Schutzb\u00FCndnis der beteiligten Staaten festgeschrieben, den Handel zu See betreffend. Die Konvention wurde von den beteiligten Staaten \u00FCber den Wortlaut hinaus sehr weit ausgelegt und von der zu dieser Ze"@de . . . "French Revolution: Revolutionary campaigns"@en . . . . . . . "\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u6B66\u88DD\u4E2D\u7ACB\u806F\u76DF"@zh . . "League of the North"@en . . . . . "300"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "3819"^^ . . . "A Segunda Liga da Neutralidade Armada ou a Liga do Norte foi uma alian\u00E7a militar das pot\u00EAncias navais do Norte da Europa: Reino da Dinamarca e Noruega, Pr\u00FAssia, Su\u00E9cia e Imp\u00E9rio Russo. A Liga existiu entre 1800 e 1801 durante a Guerra da Segunda Coliga\u00E7\u00E3o e foi criada por iniciativa de Paulo I da R\u00FAssia. Foi uma recria\u00E7\u00E3o da Primeira Liga da Neutralidade Armada que tinha obtido sucesso durante a Guerra da Independ\u00EAncia dos Estados Unidos em isolar a Gr\u00E3-Bretanha e resistir \u00E0s suas tentativas de interfer\u00EAncia no transporte mar\u00EDtimo daquelas pot\u00EAncias. A Segunda Liga n\u00E3o conseguiu ter tanto sucesso como a Primeira."@pt . "Liga Zbrojnej Neutralno\u015Bci \u2013 obowi\u0105zuj\u0105ce mi\u0119dzy grudniem 1800 a kwietniem 1801 roku porozumienie mi\u0119dzy Rosj\u0105, Prusami, Szwecj\u0105 oraz Kr\u00F3lestwem Danii i Norwegii. Liga powsta\u0142a z inicjatywy cara Paw\u0142a I, jako pr\u00F3ba reaktywacji porozumienia o tej samej nazwie, obowi\u0105zuj\u0105cego w latach 1780-1783 w czasie wojny francusko-angielskiej. Celem paktu by\u0142a obrona morskich interes\u00F3w pa\u0144stw-sygnatariuszy w czasie wojny II koalicji z Francj\u0105. Praktycznym efektem powstania Ligi by\u0142o wprowadzenie przez nale\u017C\u0105ce do niej pa\u0144stwa embarga na handel z Wielk\u0105 Brytani\u0105. Rz\u0105d brytyjski uzna\u0142 porozumienie za zagro\u017Cenie dla gospodarki Zjednoczonego Kr\u00F3lestwa i przedsi\u0119wzi\u0105\u0142 kroki w celu rozbicia Ligi. W 1801 r. Brytyjczycy zaatakowali Dani\u0119, zniszczyli cz\u0119\u015B\u0107 jej floty i ostrzelali Kopenhag\u0119, co sk\u0142oni\u0142o Du\u0144czyk\u00F3w do opuszczenia Ligi. W tym samym czasie car Pawe\u0142 zosta\u0142 zamordowany, a Rosja pod kierownictwem jego syna Aleksandra I zmieni\u0142a kierunek w polityce zagranicznej na probrytyjski. Te dwa wydarzenia oznacza\u0142y rozpad Ligi Zbrojnej Neutralno\u015Bci."@pl . . . . . . . . . .