. . . . . . . . . . . . "Siege of Masada"@en . "JewishSicarii" . . . . "Siege of Masada"@en . "Cerco de Massada"@pt . . "Cerco de Massada foi um dos \u00FAltimos eventos da Primeira guerra romano-judaica, ocorrido entre 73 e 74, no alto de uma eleva\u00E7\u00E3o montanhosa no territ\u00F3rio moderno de Israel. Seus eventos foram relatados por Fl\u00E1vio Josefo, um l\u00EDder rebelde judeu capturado pelos romanos e que depois tornou-se um historiador a servi\u00E7o de seus captores. Segundo ele, o longo cerco pelas tropas da X Fretensis e suas tropas auxiliares levaram a um suic\u00EDdio em massa dos sic\u00E1rios rebeldes e das fam\u00EDlias judaicas que viviam na fortaleza. Massada tornou-se desde ent\u00E3o um evento controverso na hist\u00F3ria judaica, com alguns considerando o local como merecedor de rever\u00EAncia, uma comemora\u00E7\u00E3o de ancestrais que deram a vida em uma luta heroica contra a opress\u00E3o, enquanto outros consideram todo o evento como um tr\u00E1gico alerta contra o extremismo e a incapacidade de ceder."@pt . "Belagerung von Masada"@de . "The siege of Masada was one of the final events in the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, occurring from 73 to 74 CE on and around a hilltop in present-day Israel. The siege is known to history via a single source, Flavius Josephus, a Jewish rebel leader captured by the Romans, in whose service he became a historian. According to Josephus the long siege by the troops of the Roman Empire led to the mass suicide of the Sicarii rebels and resident Jewish families of the Masada fortress, although this is not supported by archaeological investigation."@en . . "35.35361099243164"^^ . . "The siege of Masada was one of the final events in the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, occurring from 73 to 74 CE on and around a hilltop in present-day Israel. The siege is known to history via a single source, Flavius Josephus, a Jewish rebel leader captured by the Romans, in whose service he became a historian. According to Josephus the long siege by the troops of the Roman Empire led to the mass suicide of the Sicarii rebels and resident Jewish families of the Masada fortress, although this is not supported by archaeological investigation. The siege has become controversial, with some Jews regarding Masada as a place of reverence, commemorating ancestors who fell heroically against oppression, and others regarding it as a testament to extremism and a refusal to compromise."@en . "Legio X Fretensis 4,800"@en . . . . . . . . . . "\u062D\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062A\u0633\u0627\u062F\u0627"@ar . . . . . . . . . "Jewish Sicarii"@en . . . "Pengepungan Masada adalah salah satu peristiwa akhir dari Perang Yahudi-Romawi Pertama, yang terjadi dari 73 sampai 74 Masehi di puncak bukit besar di Israel pada masa sekarang. Pengepungan tersebut dikisahkan oleh Flavius Josephus, seorang pemimpin pemberontak Yahudi yang ditangkap oleh Romawi, dimana ia kemudian menjadi sejarawan. Menurut Josephus, pengepungan panjang oleh pasukan Kekaisaran Romawi tersebut berujung pada bunuh diri massal dari para pemberontak dan para pemukim keluarga Yahudi dari benteng Masada."@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "967"^^ . . . . . . "Pengepungan Masada adalah salah satu peristiwa akhir dari Perang Yahudi-Romawi Pertama, yang terjadi dari 73 sampai 74 Masehi di puncak bukit besar di Israel pada masa sekarang. Pengepungan tersebut dikisahkan oleh Flavius Josephus, seorang pemimpin pemberontak Yahudi yang ditangkap oleh Romawi, dimana ia kemudian menjadi sejarawan. Menurut Josephus, pengepungan panjang oleh pasukan Kekaisaran Romawi tersebut berujung pada bunuh diri massal dari para pemberontak dan para pemukim keluarga Yahudi dari benteng Masada."@in . . . . "Masada National Park"@en . . . "Auxiliaries and slaves 4,000\u201310,000" . . . "Siege of Masada"@en . . . "Eleazar ben Ya'ir"@en . "Roman victory"@en . . "31.31555557250977"^^ . . . . . . "Obl\u0119\u017Cenie Masady \u2013 obl\u0119\u017Cenie w roku 73 naszej ery, w ko\u0144cowym okresie wojny \u017Cydowskiej (66\u201373). Masada by\u0142a twierdz\u0105 \u017Cydowsk\u0105 znajduj\u0105c\u0105 si\u0119 nad Morzem Martwym. Wybudowana na zlecenie kr\u00F3la Heroda Wielkiego, by\u0142a twierdz\u0105 prawie niedost\u0119pn\u0105, jedn\u0105 z trzech najwi\u0119kszych \u017Cydowskich twierdz. Zamkn\u0119\u0142a si\u0119 w niej grupa najbardziej radykalnych \u017Cydowskich przeciwnik\u00F3w Rzymu \u2013 grupa sykariuszy pod wodz\u0105 Eleazara ben Jaira. Jesieni\u0105 roku 72 Rzymianie, chc\u0105cy sobie ostatecznie podporz\u0105dkowa\u0107 ca\u0142\u0105 Jude\u0119, podj\u0119li pr\u00F3b\u0119 zdobycia twierdzy. Stron\u0105 rzymsk\u0105, w kt\u00F3rej g\u0142\u00F3wn\u0105 si\u0142\u0119 stanowi\u0142 , dowodzi\u0142 namiestnik Flawiusz Silwa. Pocz\u0105tkowo Rzymianie opasali masyw g\u00F3ry \u0142a\u0144cuchem cyrkumwalacji \u2013 wa\u0142ami i umocnieniami, co mia\u0142o spowodowa\u0107 \u015Bmier\u0107 g\u0142odow\u0105 \u017Byd\u00F3w, co jednak nie odnios\u0142o skutku, gdy\u017C \u017Bydzi posiadali du\u017Ce ilo\u015Bci wody w cysternach i \u017Cywno\u015Bci w sk\u0142adach (zbo\u017Ce, oliwa, daktyle i wino pochodzi\u0142y podobno z czas\u00F3w Heroda Wielkiego, a zachowa\u0142y si\u0119 dzi\u0119ki suchemu i czystemu powietrzu). Rzymianie musieli wi\u0119c obra\u0107 inn\u0105 taktyk\u0119 \u2013 rozpocz\u0119li uci\u0105\u017Cliwe prace, sypi\u0105c si\u0142ami tysi\u0119cy \u017Cydowskich je\u0144c\u00F3w wysokie rampy ziemne i podsuwaj\u0105c machiny strom\u0105 \u015Bcie\u017Ck\u0105 od strony zachodniej. 1 maja 73 roku Rzymianie zdo\u0142ali skruszy\u0107 za pomoc\u0105 tarana mur na jednym odcinku, ale \u017Bydzi wznie\u015Bli w wyrwie drewnian\u0105 barykad\u0119, kt\u00F3r\u0105 Rzymianie pr\u00F3bowali spali\u0107. W osi\u0105gni\u0119ciu tego celu przeszkadza\u0142 im wiatr, jednak\u017Ce, gdy zmieni\u0142 kierunek, uda\u0142o si\u0119 Rzymianom wznieci\u0107 jej po\u017Car. Poniewa\u017C zapada\u0142a noc, Flawiusz Silwa zdecydowa\u0142, i\u017C ostateczny szturm b\u0119dzie mia\u0142 miejsce nast\u0119pnego dnia. Wtedy jednak okaza\u0142o si\u0119, \u017Ce twierdza nie by\u0142a przez nikogo broniona \u2013 zbiorowe samob\u00F3jstwo pope\u0142ni\u0142o 960 os\u00F3b. Do samob\u00F3jstwa powsta\u0144c\u00F3w sk\u0142oni\u0142 ich przyw\u00F3dca, Eleazar ben Jair. Najpierw ka\u017Cdy m\u0119\u017Cczyzna zabi\u0142 swoj\u0105 \u017Con\u0119 i dzieci, a nast\u0119pnie wylosowano spo\u015Br\u00F3d nich dziesi\u0119ciu, kt\u00F3rzy zabili pozosta\u0142ych m\u0119\u017Cczyzn. Z tych dziesi\u0119ciu wyznaczono jednego, kt\u00F3ry zabi\u0142 dziewi\u0119ciu m\u0119\u017Cczyzn, a na ko\u0144cu sam pope\u0142ni\u0142 samob\u00F3jstwo. Wed\u0142ug tradycji \u017Cycie zdo\u0142a\u0142o uratowa\u0107 7 os\u00F3b \u2013 2 kobiety i 5 dzieci, kt\u00F3re ukry\u0142y si\u0119 w kana\u0142ach doprowadzaj\u0105cych wod\u0119 do cystern. Zako\u0144czenie obl\u0119\u017Cenia Masady jest r\u00F3wnoznaczne z zako\u0144czeniem wojny \u017Cydowskiej."@pl . . "Pengepungan Masada"@in . "300"^^ . . . . . . "960"^^ . . . . "Roman Empire" . . . . . "967, including non-combatants" . "Late 72 \u2013 early 73"@en . "Obl\u0119\u017Cenie Masady \u2013 obl\u0119\u017Cenie w roku 73 naszej ery, w ko\u0144cowym okresie wojny \u017Cydowskiej (66\u201373). Masada by\u0142a twierdz\u0105 \u017Cydowsk\u0105 znajduj\u0105c\u0105 si\u0119 nad Morzem Martwym. Wybudowana na zlecenie kr\u00F3la Heroda Wielkiego, by\u0142a twierdz\u0105 prawie niedost\u0119pn\u0105, jedn\u0105 z trzech najwi\u0119kszych \u017Cydowskich twierdz. Zamkn\u0119\u0142a si\u0119 w niej grupa najbardziej radykalnych \u017Cydowskich przeciwnik\u00F3w Rzymu \u2013 grupa sykariuszy pod wodz\u0105 Eleazara ben Jaira. Zako\u0144czenie obl\u0119\u017Cenia Masady jest r\u00F3wnoznaczne z zako\u0144czeniem wojny \u017Cydowskiej."@pl . . . . "Unknown"@en . . . . "POINT(35.353610992432 31.31555557251)"^^ . . "759327"^^ . . . "Late 73 \u2013 early 74 CE"@en . . . . . "Masada, Israel"@en . "\u062D\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062A\u0633\u0627\u062F\u0627 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: siege of Masada)\u200F \u060C \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062F\u0627 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064A\u0629:\u05DE\u05E6\u05D3\u05D4) \u060C \u062D\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0648\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062A\u0633\u0627\u062F\u0627 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 73 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0629 74 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F\u060C \u062D\u064A\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u062D\u0627\u0635\u0631\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0627\u062C\u062F \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0648\u062F\u064A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0628\u0644\u063A \u0639\u062F\u062F \u062C\u064A\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u062D\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064A 10 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062C\u0646\u062F\u064A \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0648\u062F \u0644\u0645 \u064A\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0649 967 \u0645\u062D\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0627 .. \u0641\u0642\u062A\u0644 \u062C\u064A\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0648\u062F \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 7 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0648\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0629."@ar . . . "the First Jewish\u2013Roman War"@en . "1117522355"^^ . . . "Cerco de Massada foi um dos \u00FAltimos eventos da Primeira guerra romano-judaica, ocorrido entre 73 e 74, no alto de uma eleva\u00E7\u00E3o montanhosa no territ\u00F3rio moderno de Israel. Seus eventos foram relatados por Fl\u00E1vio Josefo, um l\u00EDder rebelde judeu capturado pelos romanos e que depois tornou-se um historiador a servi\u00E7o de seus captores. Segundo ele, o longo cerco pelas tropas da X Fretensis e suas tropas auxiliares levaram a um suic\u00EDdio em massa dos sic\u00E1rios rebeldes e das fam\u00EDlias judaicas que viviam na fortaleza. Massada tornou-se desde ent\u00E3o um evento controverso na hist\u00F3ria judaica, com alguns considerando o local como merecedor de rever\u00EAncia, uma comemora\u00E7\u00E3o de ancestrais que deram a vida em uma luta heroica contra a opress\u00E3o, enquanto outros consideram todo o evento como um tr\u00E1gico alerta c"@pt . . . . "L'assedio di Masada (o Massada, o in ebraico Metzada) \u00E8 stato l'episodio che concluse la prima guerra giudaica, nel 73. Nel 66, Masada era stata conquistata da un migliaio di Sicarii che vi si insediarono con donne e bambini; quattro anni dopo (nel 70), una volta caduta Gerusalemme, vi trovarono rifugio gli ultimi strenui ribelli zeloti non ancora disposti a darsi per vinti. L'esercito romano, guidato da Lucio Flavio Silva, affront\u00F2 in un arduo assedio questo nutrito gruppo di ribelli, che si erano arroccati in questa fortezza, considerata inespugnabile a cagione delle avversit\u00E0 che presentava il luogo nei confronti degli assedianti. Nonostante ci\u00F2, i Romani conquistarono la cittadella trovandovi i cadaveri di quasi tutti gli assediati, dovuto a un suicidio di massa."@it . . . . . . . "\u062D\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062A\u0633\u0627\u062F\u0627 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: siege of Masada)\u200F \u060C \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062F\u0627 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064A\u0629:\u05DE\u05E6\u05D3\u05D4) \u060C \u062D\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0648\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062A\u0633\u0627\u062F\u0627 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 73 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0629 74 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F\u060C \u062D\u064A\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u062D\u0627\u0635\u0631\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0627\u062C\u062F \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0648\u062F\u064A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0628\u0644\u063A \u0639\u062F\u062F \u062C\u064A\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u062D\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064A 10 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062C\u0646\u062F\u064A \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0648\u062F \u0644\u0645 \u064A\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0649 967 \u0645\u062D\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0627 .. \u0641\u0642\u062A\u0644 \u062C\u064A\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0648\u062F \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 7 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0648\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0629."@ar . . . . . . . . . "Assedio di Masada"@it . . . . "20465"^^ . . . . "Legio X Fretensis4,800" . "Auxiliaries and slaves 4,000\u201310,000"@en . . "\u0397 \u039C\u03B1\u03C3\u03AC\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1, \u03C4\u03BF \u03BF\u03C7\u03C5\u03C1\u03CC-\u03B1\u03BD\u03AC\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03BF \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03AF\u03C7\u03B5 \u03C7\u03C4\u03AF\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9 \u03BF \u0397\u03C1\u03CE\u03B4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BF \u039C\u03AD\u03B3\u03B1\u03C2, \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C0\u03C1\u03B1\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B1\u03B5\u03C4\u03BF\u03C6\u03C9\u03BB\u03B9\u03AC \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B2\u03C1\u03AF\u03C3\u03BA\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u039D\u03B5\u03BA\u03C1\u03AC \u03B8\u03AC\u03BB\u03B1\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1. \u039F \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC\u03BA\u03C1\u03B7\u03BC\u03BD\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B2\u03C1\u03AC\u03C7\u03BF\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AD\u03C7\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03B8\u03B5\u03C1\u03AC \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u0395\u03BB\u03B5\u03AC\u03B6\u03B1\u03C1\u03BF, \u03B3\u03B9\u03BF \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u0399\u03B1\u03B5\u03AF\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5, \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03A3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC\u03C1\u03B9\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03AF\u03C7\u03B5 \u03C5\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5."@el . . . "Roman victory" . . . . . . . . . . . "31.315555555555555 35.353611111111114" . "960 dead, 7 captured (2 women, 5 children), according to Josephus" . . "\u03A0\u03C4\u03CE\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u039C\u03B1\u03C3\u03AC\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1"@el . "\u0397 \u039C\u03B1\u03C3\u03AC\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1, \u03C4\u03BF \u03BF\u03C7\u03C5\u03C1\u03CC-\u03B1\u03BD\u03AC\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03BF \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03AF\u03C7\u03B5 \u03C7\u03C4\u03AF\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9 \u03BF \u0397\u03C1\u03CE\u03B4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BF \u039C\u03AD\u03B3\u03B1\u03C2, \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C0\u03C1\u03B1\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B1\u03B5\u03C4\u03BF\u03C6\u03C9\u03BB\u03B9\u03AC \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B2\u03C1\u03AF\u03C3\u03BA\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u039D\u03B5\u03BA\u03C1\u03AC \u03B8\u03AC\u03BB\u03B1\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1. \u039F \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC\u03BA\u03C1\u03B7\u03BC\u03BD\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B2\u03C1\u03AC\u03C7\u03BF\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AD\u03C7\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03B8\u03B5\u03C1\u03AC \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u0395\u03BB\u03B5\u03AC\u03B6\u03B1\u03C1\u03BF, \u03B3\u03B9\u03BF \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u0399\u03B1\u03B5\u03AF\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5, \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03A3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC\u03C1\u03B9\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03AF\u03C7\u03B5 \u03C5\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5."@el . . "Obl\u0119\u017Cenie Masady"@pl . . . . "L'assedio di Masada (o Massada, o in ebraico Metzada) \u00E8 stato l'episodio che concluse la prima guerra giudaica, nel 73. Nel 66, Masada era stata conquistata da un migliaio di Sicarii che vi si insediarono con donne e bambini; quattro anni dopo (nel 70), una volta caduta Gerusalemme, vi trovarono rifugio gli ultimi strenui ribelli zeloti non ancora disposti a darsi per vinti. L'esercito romano, guidato da Lucio Flavio Silva, affront\u00F2 in un arduo assedio questo nutrito gruppo di ribelli, che si erano arroccati in questa fortezza, considerata inespugnabile a cagione delle avversit\u00E0 che presentava il luogo nei confronti degli assedianti. Nonostante ci\u00F2, i Romani conquistarono la cittadella trovandovi i cadaveri di quasi tutti gli assediati, dovuto a un suicidio di massa."@it . .