. . . . . . . "\u4E00\u9A0E\u8A0E\u3061\uFF08\u3044\u3063\u304D\u3046\u3061\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u6226\u4E89\u72B6\u614B\u306B\u3042\u308B\u6226\u5834\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u6226\u58EB\u540C\u58EB\u304C\u4E00\u5BFE\u4E00\u3092\u539F\u5247\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6C7A\u7740\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308B\u6226\u95D8\u624B\u6CD5\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u4E00\u9A0E\u6253\u3061\uFF08\u3044\u3063\u304D\u3046\u3061\uFF09\u3068\u3082\u8868\u8A18\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . "Single combat"@en . "\uC77C\uAE30\uD1A0"@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC77C\uAE30\uD1A0(\uC77C\uBCF8\uC5B4: \u4E00\u9A0E\u6253\u3061 \uC787\uD0A4\uC6B0\uCE58[*] \uD639\uC740 \uC77C\uBCF8\uC5B4: \u4E00\u9A0E\u8A0E\u3061)\uB294 \uB9D0\uC744 \uD0C4 \uBB34\uC0AC\uAC00 \uC77C\uB300\uC77C\uB85C \uC2F8\uC6B0\uB294 \uAC83\uC744 \uB73B\uD558\uB294 \uC77C\uBCF8\uC5B4\uC2DD \uD45C\uD604\uC774\uB2E4. 90\uB144\uB300 \uC0BC\uAD6D\uC9C0 \uAC8C\uC784\uC758 \uC798\uBABB\uB41C \uBC88\uC5ED\uC744 \uD1B5\uD574 \uB110\uB9AC \uD37C\uC9C4 \uB9D0\uC774\uBBC0\uB85C \uC6B0\uB9AC\uB9D0\uB85C\uB294 '\uC77C\uB300\uC77C \uB300\uACB0'. '\uC77C\uB300\uC77C \uC2B9\uBD80', '\uB2E8\uAE30\uC811\uC804(\u55AE\u9A0E\u63A5\u6230)' \uB4F1\uC73C\uB85C \uD45C\uD604\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC774 \uC633\uC744 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uC6B0\uB9AC\uB098\uB77C\uC758 \uC0AC\uC11C\uC5D0 \uC720\uC77C\uD558\uAC8C \uC77C\uB300\uC77C \uC2B9\uBD80\uAC00 \uAE30\uB85D\uB41C \uD0DC\uC870 \uC774\uC131\uACC4\uC758 \uACBD\uC6B0\u300A\uC870\uC120\uC655\uC870\uC2E4\uB85D\u300B\uC744 \uBCF4\uBA74 \uC5EC\uC9C4\uC871 \uC7A5\uC218 \uD638\uBC1C\uB3C4(\u80E1\u62D4\u90FD)\uB97C \uC0C1\uB300\uB85C '\uD0DC\uC870\uB3C4 \uB610\uD55C \uB2E8\uAE30(\u55AE\u9A0E)\uB85C \uCE7C\uC744 \uBE7C\uC5B4 \uB2EC\uB824\uB098\uAC00\uC11C \uCE7C\uC744 \uD718\uB458\uB7EC \uC11C\uB85C \uCCE4\uC73C\uB098, \uB450 \uCE7C\uC774 \uBAA8\uB450 \uBC88\uB4DD\uC774\uBA74\uC11C \uC9C0\uB098\uCCD0 \uB2A5\uD788 \uB9DE\uD788\uC9C0 \uBABB\uD558\uC600\uB2E4'[1] \uB77C\uACE0 \uC4F0\uC5EC \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "10032789"^^ . . . . . . . . "\u5355\u6311"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1120455635"^^ . . . . . . . "Single combat is a duel between two single warriors which takes place in the context of a battle between two armies. Instances of single combat are known from Classical Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The champions were often combatants who represented larger, spectator groups. Such representative contests and stories thereof are known worldwide. Typically, it takes place in the no-man's-land between the opposing armies, with other warriors watching and themselves refraining from fighting until one of the two single combatants has won. Often, it is champion warfare, with the two considered the champions of their respective sides. Single combat could also take place within a larger battle. Neither ancient nor medieval warfare always relied on the line or phalanx formation. The Iliad notably describes the battles of the Trojan war as a series of single encounters on the field, and the medieval code of chivalry, partly inspired by this, encouraged the single combat between individual knights on the battlefield, in which the loser was not usually killed but taken captive for ransom. However, the use of the longbow and the pike square against mounted knights (as at the battles of Cr\u00E9cy and Laupen) ended this tradition in the 14th century, although it was continued away from the battlefield, with the pas d'armes and the early modern duel."@en . . . . . . . "\u55AE\u6311\u662F\u53E4\u4EE3\u6230\u722D\u6642\uFF0C\u6575\u6211\u96D9\u65B9\u5404\u4EE5\u4E00\u540D\u6B66\u5C07\u4E92\u76F8\u6BD4\u6B66\u7684\u4E00\u7A2E\u6C7A\u9B25\u65B9\u5F0F\u3002 \u7531\u65BC\u53EA\u6709\u4E00\u500B\u4EBA\uFF0C\u6230\u58EB\u901A\u5E38\u6253\u5230\u975E\u6B7B\u5373\u50B7\u624D\u6703\u7D50\u675F\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\u88AB\u8996\u70BA\u6975\u9AD8\u98A8\u96AA\u7684\u6230\u9B25\u6A21\u5F0F\u3002\u5230\u4E86\u73FE\u5728\uFF0C\u55AE\u6311\u4EA6\u6F14\u8B8A\u51FA\u5169\u8005\u4E92\u76F8\u6253\u9B25\u7684\u610F\u601D\uFF0C\u5728\u5EE3\u6771\u5730\u5340\uFF0C\u53C8\u88AB\u7A31\u70BA\u96BB\u63EA\u3002 \u5728\u53F0\u7063\uFF0C\u53C8\u7A31\u70BA\u91D8\u5B64\u652F\uFF0C\u610F\u601D\u662F\u5169\u500B\u4EBA\u4E00\u5C0D\u4E00\u6253\u67B6\u3002"@zh . . . . . "\u4E00\u9A0E\u8A0E\u3061"@ja . . . . . "13926"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "El combate singular es un duelo entre dos guerreros individuales que tiene lugar en el contexto de una batalla entre dos ej\u00E9rcitos. Se sabe de casos de combate singular desde la Antig\u00FCedad cl\u00E1sica y la Edad Media. Con frecuencia, los campeones eran combatientes que representaban a grupos m\u00E1s amplios de espectadores. Combates representativos como estos, as\u00ED como historias acerca de ellos, son conocidos en todo el mundo."@es . . . . . . . . "Single combat is a duel between two single warriors which takes place in the context of a battle between two armies. Instances of single combat are known from Classical Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The champions were often combatants who represented larger, spectator groups. Such representative contests and stories thereof are known worldwide."@en . . . "\u55AE\u6311\u662F\u53E4\u4EE3\u6230\u722D\u6642\uFF0C\u6575\u6211\u96D9\u65B9\u5404\u4EE5\u4E00\u540D\u6B66\u5C07\u4E92\u76F8\u6BD4\u6B66\u7684\u4E00\u7A2E\u6C7A\u9B25\u65B9\u5F0F\u3002 \u7531\u65BC\u53EA\u6709\u4E00\u500B\u4EBA\uFF0C\u6230\u58EB\u901A\u5E38\u6253\u5230\u975E\u6B7B\u5373\u50B7\u624D\u6703\u7D50\u675F\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\u88AB\u8996\u70BA\u6975\u9AD8\u98A8\u96AA\u7684\u6230\u9B25\u6A21\u5F0F\u3002\u5230\u4E86\u73FE\u5728\uFF0C\u55AE\u6311\u4EA6\u6F14\u8B8A\u51FA\u5169\u8005\u4E92\u76F8\u6253\u9B25\u7684\u610F\u601D\uFF0C\u5728\u5EE3\u6771\u5730\u5340\uFF0C\u53C8\u88AB\u7A31\u70BA\u96BB\u63EA\u3002 \u5728\u53F0\u7063\uFF0C\u53C8\u7A31\u70BA\u91D8\u5B64\u652F\uFF0C\u610F\u601D\u662F\u5169\u500B\u4EBA\u4E00\u5C0D\u4E00\u6253\u67B6\u3002"@zh . "\uC77C\uAE30\uD1A0(\uC77C\uBCF8\uC5B4: \u4E00\u9A0E\u6253\u3061 \uC787\uD0A4\uC6B0\uCE58[*] \uD639\uC740 \uC77C\uBCF8\uC5B4: \u4E00\u9A0E\u8A0E\u3061)\uB294 \uB9D0\uC744 \uD0C4 \uBB34\uC0AC\uAC00 \uC77C\uB300\uC77C\uB85C \uC2F8\uC6B0\uB294 \uAC83\uC744 \uB73B\uD558\uB294 \uC77C\uBCF8\uC5B4\uC2DD \uD45C\uD604\uC774\uB2E4. 90\uB144\uB300 \uC0BC\uAD6D\uC9C0 \uAC8C\uC784\uC758 \uC798\uBABB\uB41C \uBC88\uC5ED\uC744 \uD1B5\uD574 \uB110\uB9AC \uD37C\uC9C4 \uB9D0\uC774\uBBC0\uB85C \uC6B0\uB9AC\uB9D0\uB85C\uB294 '\uC77C\uB300\uC77C \uB300\uACB0'. '\uC77C\uB300\uC77C \uC2B9\uBD80', '\uB2E8\uAE30\uC811\uC804(\u55AE\u9A0E\u63A5\u6230)' \uB4F1\uC73C\uB85C \uD45C\uD604\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC774 \uC633\uC744 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uC6B0\uB9AC\uB098\uB77C\uC758 \uC0AC\uC11C\uC5D0 \uC720\uC77C\uD558\uAC8C \uC77C\uB300\uC77C \uC2B9\uBD80\uAC00 \uAE30\uB85D\uB41C \uD0DC\uC870 \uC774\uC131\uACC4\uC758 \uACBD\uC6B0\u300A\uC870\uC120\uC655\uC870\uC2E4\uB85D\u300B\uC744 \uBCF4\uBA74 \uC5EC\uC9C4\uC871 \uC7A5\uC218 \uD638\uBC1C\uB3C4(\u80E1\u62D4\u90FD)\uB97C \uC0C1\uB300\uB85C '\uD0DC\uC870\uB3C4 \uB610\uD55C \uB2E8\uAE30(\u55AE\u9A0E)\uB85C \uCE7C\uC744 \uBE7C\uC5B4 \uB2EC\uB824\uB098\uAC00\uC11C \uCE7C\uC744 \uD718\uB458\uB7EC \uC11C\uB85C \uCCE4\uC73C\uB098, \uB450 \uCE7C\uC774 \uBAA8\uB450 \uBC88\uB4DD\uC774\uBA74\uC11C \uC9C0\uB098\uCCD0 \uB2A5\uD788 \uB9DE\uD788\uC9C0 \uBABB\uD558\uC600\uB2E4'[1] \uB77C\uACE0 \uC4F0\uC5EC \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . "\u4E00\u9A0E\u8A0E\u3061\uFF08\u3044\u3063\u304D\u3046\u3061\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u6226\u4E89\u72B6\u614B\u306B\u3042\u308B\u6226\u5834\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u6226\u58EB\u540C\u58EB\u304C\u4E00\u5BFE\u4E00\u3092\u539F\u5247\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6C7A\u7740\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308B\u6226\u95D8\u624B\u6CD5\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u4E00\u9A0E\u6253\u3061\uFF08\u3044\u3063\u304D\u3046\u3061\uFF09\u3068\u3082\u8868\u8A18\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "El combate singular es un duelo entre dos guerreros individuales que tiene lugar en el contexto de una batalla entre dos ej\u00E9rcitos. Se sabe de casos de combate singular desde la Antig\u00FCedad cl\u00E1sica y la Edad Media. Con frecuencia, los campeones eran combatientes que representaban a grupos m\u00E1s amplios de espectadores. Combates representativos como estos, as\u00ED como historias acerca de ellos, son conocidos en todo el mundo. Normalmente, los combates singulares ten\u00EDan lugar en la tierra de nadie ubicada entre los ej\u00E9rcitos opuestos, con otros guerreros como espectadores y absteni\u00E9ndose ellos mismos de luchar hasta que uno de los dos combatientes hubiese ganado. Se trataba a menudo de una guerra de campeones, en la que los dos rivales eran considerados los campeones de sus respectivos bandos. El combate individual tambi\u00E9n pod\u00EDa tener lugar dentro de una batalla m\u00E1s grande. Ni la guerra antigua ni la guerra medieval se basaban siempre en formaci\u00F3nes en l\u00EDnea o en falanges. Como un notable ejemplo, la Il\u00EDada describe las batallas de la guerra de Troya como una serie de encuentros singulares en el campo, y el c\u00F3digo de caballer\u00EDa medieval, en parte inspirado en esta obra, alentaba al combate singular entre caballeros individuales en el campo de batalla, en el que usualmente no se le daba muerte al perdedor, sino que era hecho cautivo a cambio de un rescate. Esta tradici\u00F3n termin\u00F3 en el siglo XIV debido al uso del arco largo y de la formaci\u00F3n de escuadra de picas contra caballeros montados (Batalla de Cr\u00E9cy, Batalla de Laupen), y la tradici\u00F3n del combate singular se continu\u00F3 lejos del campo de batalla, con el pas d'armes y el duelo moderno temprano."@es . "Harce (w\u0119g. harc \u2013 \u201Ewalka, zmaganie\u201D) \u2013 obyczaj znany od czas\u00F3w staro\u017Cytnych polegaj\u0105cy na odbywaniu pojedynk\u00F3w przed rozpocz\u0119ciem bitwy. Harcownikami (harcerzami) bywali zazwyczaj rycerze, chc\u0105cy w ten spos\u00F3b uzyska\u0107 wojenn\u0105 s\u0142aw\u0119. W Polsce obyczaj ten dokumentuje Jan D\u0142ugosz przy opisie bitwy pod Grunwaldem w 1410. Zygmunt Gloger opisuje harce mi\u0119dzy innymi przed bitw\u0105 pod Koronowem w 1410, pod Orsz\u0105 (Jan Tarnowski), pod Gda\u0144skiem (Stanis\u0142aw Diabe\u0142 Stadnicki), pod Cecor\u0105. Z czasem okre\u015Blenie harce nabra\u0142o nowego znaczenia jako okre\u015Blenie wszelkiego rodzaju popis\u00F3w."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Combate singular"@es . . "Harce (w\u0119g. harc \u2013 \u201Ewalka, zmaganie\u201D) \u2013 obyczaj znany od czas\u00F3w staro\u017Cytnych polegaj\u0105cy na odbywaniu pojedynk\u00F3w przed rozpocz\u0119ciem bitwy. Harcownikami (harcerzami) bywali zazwyczaj rycerze, chc\u0105cy w ten spos\u00F3b uzyska\u0107 wojenn\u0105 s\u0142aw\u0119. W Polsce obyczaj ten dokumentuje Jan D\u0142ugosz przy opisie bitwy pod Grunwaldem w 1410. Zygmunt Gloger opisuje harce mi\u0119dzy innymi przed bitw\u0105 pod Koronowem w 1410, pod Orsz\u0105 (Jan Tarnowski), pod Gda\u0144skiem (Stanis\u0142aw Diabe\u0142 Stadnicki), pod Cecor\u0105. Wyjazd na harc odbywa\u0142 si\u0119 za zgod\u0105 lub rozkazem wodza. Przepasani przez piersi, na ukos, czerwonymi na\u0142\u0119czami (r\u0119cznikami), harcownicy w kilkadziesi\u0105t koni potrafili dotrze\u0107 w \u015Brodek obozu wroga, czyni\u0105c zam\u0119t. W\u015Br\u00F3d dworzan wojskowych u kr\u00F3l\u00F3w polskich Gloger opisuje oddzielny zast\u0119p rycerzy konnych, zwanych harcerzami. Na dworze Stefana Batorego wymienieni s\u0105 w roku 1585 harcerze Szwaracki i Goreczkowski. Na dworze Zygmunta III Wazy w roku 1590 wymienionych jest 35 harcownik\u00F3w: \u017B\u00F3\u0142towski, \u0141opacki, Chomentowski, Stocki, \u0106wikli\u0144ski, Dankowski, Skrzetuski, P\u0142o\u0144ski, Lubowiecki, Suchczycki, Dobrzechowski, Kruszy\u0144ski, Kossakowski, Gojski, Czarnowski, Sieczy\u0144ski, Trzeszkowski, \u017Belazo, Mierzewski, Wojnowski, Poradowski, Grabowski, Dro\u017Cy\u0144ski, Braniecki, Gojski, Olbierzowski, Lenczewski, K\u0142opocki, Berdowski, Rzuchowski, Wyszy\u0144ski, Pobiedzi\u0144ski, Mierzejowski, Dmochowski i Bohumatka. Ka\u017Cdy z nich mia\u0142 dwa wierzchowce, pobiera\u0142 rocznych zas\u0142ug \u00F3wczesnych 120 z\u0142otych (dukat\u00F3w) i na wy\u017Cywienie tygodniowo 1 z\u0142oty i 20 groszy (srebrnych). Dodatkowo ka\u017Cdy mia\u0142 s\u0142ug\u0119, kt\u00F3ry dostawa\u0142 12 \u0142okci sukna. Prze\u0142o\u017Conym harcerzy by\u0142 w\u00F3wczas , b\u0119d\u0105cy tak\u017Ce prze\u0142o\u017Conym innych dworzan. Ten mia\u0142 6 koni i pobiera\u0142 rocznej pensji \u00F3wczesnych 400 z\u0142otych. Z czasem okre\u015Blenie harce nabra\u0142o nowego znaczenia jako okre\u015Blenie wszelkiego rodzaju popis\u00F3w."@pl . . . . . "Harce"@pl . . . . . . .