"A smart transducer is an analog or digital transducer, actuator or sensor combined with a processing unit and a communication interface. As sensors and actuators become more complex they provide support for various modes of operation and interfacing. Some applications require additionally fault-tolerance and distributed computing. Such high-level functionality can be achieved by adding an embedded microcontroller to the classical sensor/actuator, which increases the ability to cope with complexity at a fair price. Typically, these on-board technologies in smart sensors are used for digital processing, either frequency-to-code or analog-to-digital conversations, interfacing functions and calculations. Interfacing functions include decision-making tools like self-adaption, self-diagnostics a"@en . . . . . "15231"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "A smart transducer is an analog or digital transducer, actuator or sensor combined with a processing unit and a communication interface. As sensors and actuators become more complex they provide support for various modes of operation and interfacing. Some applications require additionally fault-tolerance and distributed computing. Such high-level functionality can be achieved by adding an embedded microcontroller to the classical sensor/actuator, which increases the ability to cope with complexity at a fair price. Typically, these on-board technologies in smart sensors are used for digital processing, either frequency-to-code or analog-to-digital conversations, interfacing functions and calculations. Interfacing functions include decision-making tools like self-adaption, self-diagnostics and self-identification functions, but also to control how long and when the sensor will be fully awake, to minimize power consumption and to decide when to dump and store data. They are often made using CMOS, VLSI technology and may contain MEMS devices leading to lower cost. They may provide full digital outputs for easier interface or they may provide quasi-digital outputs like pulse-width modulation. In the machine vision field, a single compact unit that combines the imaging functions and the complete image processing functions is often called a smart sensor. Smart sensors are a crucial element in the phenomenon Internet of Things (IoT). Within such a network, multiple physical vehicles and devices are embedded with sensors, software and electronics. Data will be collected and shared for better integration between digital environments and the physical world. The connectivity between sensors is an important requirement for an IoT innovation to perform well. Interoperability can therefore be seen as an consequence of connectivity. The sensors work and complement each other."@en . . . . . . . . . . . "1111861272"^^ . . . . . . . . "Smart transducer"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "10980912"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .