"Social cost in neoclassical economics is the sum of the private costs resulting from a transaction and the costs imposed on the consumers as a consequence of being exposed to the transaction for which they are not compensated or charged. In other words, it is the sum of private and external costs. This might be applied to any number of economic problems: for example, social cost of carbon has been explored to better understand the costs of carbon emissions for proposed economic solutions such as a carbon tax."@en . "\u793E\u4F1A\u7684\u8CBB\u7528"@ja . "Custo social, em economia, representa todos os custos que s\u00E3o associados a alguma atividade econ\u00F4mica. Abrange os custos advindos da produ\u00E7\u00E3o de certo produto e os custos externos \u00E0 firma, que s\u00E3o percebidos pela sociedade como um todo (externalidade). Se o custo social excede o custo privado, h\u00E1 uma externalidade negativa, ou seja, a produ\u00E7\u00E3o do bem \u00E9 prejudicial para a sociedade. Polui\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E9 um exemplo, pois a firma, ao gerar poluentes no processo produtivo, n\u00E3o \u00E9 t\u00E3o prejudicada quanto a sociedade. Portanto para esta \u00FAltima, o custo \u00E9 mais elevado. Se o custo privado \u00E9 maior do que o custo social, h\u00E1 uma externalidade positiva. Um exemplo: quando uma empresa que trabalha com servi\u00E7os educacionais, beneficia indiretamente toda uma comunidade, mas recebe pagamento somente pelo benef\u00EDcio direto obtido pelo receptor da educa\u00E7\u00E3o (problema de ). Neste caso, toda a sociedade gostaria de ter mais educa\u00E7\u00E3o, mas poucos teriam interesse em \"produzi-la\" sem receber um retorno maior. Os dois casos podem ser referidos como , pois os recursos seriam alocados de forma ineficiente. A condi\u00E7\u00E3o da otimalidade de Pareto n\u00E3o ocorre aqui."@pt . . . . . . . "Custo social"@pt . . "El Cost social, en economia, representa tots els costs associats a una activitat econ\u00F2mica. El cost social \u00E9s la suma dels costos privats i de les externalitats. Per una banda, el cost de la producci\u00F3 d'un producte s'anomena o cost intern. Per altra banda, tots aquells costs o beneficis percebuts per la societat s'anomenen costs externs o, gen\u00E8ricament, externalitats. Aix\u00ED, el balan\u00E7 d'aquestos dos costs pot tenir un impacte positiu o negatiu, segons les externalitats degudes al producte s\u00F3n percebudes com a benefici o perjudici."@ca . "\u041E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043A\u0438 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. social cost) \u0432 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u2014 \u0441\u0443\u043C\u043C\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043A, \u0432\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043B\u043A\u0438, \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043A, \u043D\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0445 \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043B\u043A\u0443, \u0437\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0443\u044E \u043E\u043D\u0438 \u043D\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u0435\u043D\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u043B\u0430\u0442\u044B."@ru . . . . . . . "Custo social, em economia, representa todos os custos que s\u00E3o associados a alguma atividade econ\u00F4mica. Abrange os custos advindos da produ\u00E7\u00E3o de certo produto e os custos externos \u00E0 firma, que s\u00E3o percebidos pela sociedade como um todo (externalidade). Se o custo social excede o custo privado, h\u00E1 uma externalidade negativa, ou seja, a produ\u00E7\u00E3o do bem \u00E9 prejudicial para a sociedade. Polui\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E9 um exemplo, pois a firma, ao gerar poluentes no processo produtivo, n\u00E3o \u00E9 t\u00E3o prejudicada quanto a sociedade. Portanto para esta \u00FAltima, o custo \u00E9 mais elevado."@pt . . . . "1089253251"^^ . "Mit sozialen Grenzkosten (engl. marginal social cost) werden diejenigen Grenzkosten bezeichnet, die nicht nur bei dem Produzenten anfallen, sondern in der gesamten Wirtschaft, also zus\u00E4tzlich die externen Kosten beinhalten. Externe Kosten sind der Ressourcenverlust des Staates und der \u00FCbrigen Gesellschaftsmitglieder ohne vertragliche Grundlage, der durch die Produktion entsteht. Sie entstehen beispielsweise durch Umweltnutzung und -verschmutzung."@de . "\u793E\u4F1A\u7684\u8CBB\u7528\uFF08\u3057\u3083\u304B\u3044\u3066\u304D\u3072\u3088\u3046\u3001social cost\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u8CBB\u7528\u6982\u5FF5\u306E\u4E00\u3064\u3002\u5E02\u5834\u7D4C\u6E08\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u5185\u90E8\u5316\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u306A\u3044\u516C\u5BB3\u3001\u74B0\u5883\u7834\u58CA\u7B49\u306B\u3088\u308A\u793E\u4F1A\u5168\u4F53\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u7B2C\u4E09\u8005\u304C\u88AB\u308B\u640D\u5931\uFF1D\u8CA0\u62C5\u3055\u305B\u3089\u308C\u308B\u8CBB\u7528\uFF08\u5916\u90E8\u4E0D\u7D4C\u6E08\uFF09\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3044\u3046\u3002"@ja . . . . "I costi sociali hanno origine dai danni che lo svolgimento di un'attivit\u00E0 economica (come la produzione o la vendita di un bene o la prestazione di un servizio) \u00E8 in grado di arrecare a singoli individui o alla nel suo complesso, qualora questi non ricevano un risarcimento o un indennizzo per il danno sub\u00ECto. In entrambi i casi, si tratta di soggetti terzi, estranei all'attivit\u00E0 di produzione o al rapporto contrattuale sottostante alla cessione del bene o alla prestazione del servizio. I costi sociali non rientrano tra quelli considerati dalla teoria della scelta razionale, secondo la quale i processi decisionali messi in atto dall'individuo nascerebbero da un'autonoma ponderazione tra costi e profitti che gli deriverebbero dall'effettuazione della scelta. In questo processo di scelta, infatti, l'individuo non tiene conto dei costi che, pur derivanti dalle sue decisione, ricadono su altri soggetti."@it . "Cost social"@ca . . "Social kostnad"@sv . . "Costo sociale"@it . "Soziale Grenzkosten"@de . "I costi sociali hanno origine dai danni che lo svolgimento di un'attivit\u00E0 economica (come la produzione o la vendita di un bene o la prestazione di un servizio) \u00E8 in grado di arrecare a singoli individui o alla nel suo complesso, qualora questi non ricevano un risarcimento o un indennizzo per il danno sub\u00ECto. In entrambi i casi, si tratta di soggetti terzi, estranei all'attivit\u00E0 di produzione o al rapporto contrattuale sottostante alla cessione del bene o alla prestazione del servizio."@it . . . . . "\u041E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043A\u0438"@ru . "Soci\u00E1ln\u00ED n\u00E1klady v neoklasick\u00E9 ekonomii jsou sou\u010Dtem soukrom\u00FDch n\u00E1klad\u016F vypl\u00FDvaj\u00EDc\u00EDch z transakce a n\u00E1klad\u016F vznikl\u00FDch spot\u0159ebitel\u016Fm v d\u016Fsledku vystaven\u00ED transakci, za kterou nejsou kompenzov\u00E1ni ani \u00FA\u010Dtov\u00E1ni. Jin\u00FDmi slovy, je to sou\u010Det soukrom\u00FDch a extern\u00EDch n\u00E1klad\u016F. To by mohlo b\u00FDt aplikov\u00E1no na \u0159adu ekonomick\u00FDch probl\u00E9m\u016F: nap\u0159\u00EDklad byly zkoum\u00E1ny soci\u00E1ln\u00ED n\u00E1klady na uhl\u00EDk, aby se l\u00E9pe porozum\u011Blo n\u00E1klad\u016Fm na emise uhl\u00EDku pro navrhovan\u00E1 ekonomick\u00E1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ED, jako je uhl\u00EDkov\u00E1 da\u0148. Soukrom\u00E9 n\u00E1klady se vztahuj\u00ED k p\u0159\u00EDm\u00FDm n\u00E1klad\u016Fm v\u00FDrobce na v\u00FDrobu zbo\u017E\u00ED nebo slu\u017Eby."@cs . . . "Sociala kostnader \u00E4r kostnader som b\u00E4rs av flera akt\u00F6rer samtidigt, typiskt sett avses kostnaderna f\u00F6r hela samh\u00E4llet. I nationalekonomi definieras den sociala kostnaden som summan av och externa kostnader. Det vanliga antagandet inom nationalekonomi \u00E4r att individer bara skulle bry sig om sina egna - privata - kostnader n\u00E4r de fattar ekonomiska beslut. N\u00E4r en ekonomisk transaktion enbart p\u00E5verkar de individer som ing\u00E5r, \u00E4r alla kostnader interna i f\u00F6rh\u00E5llande till transaktionen. Men vid m\u00E5nga samh\u00E4llsf\u00F6rlopp eller ekonomiska transaktioner s\u00E5 p\u00E5verkas \u00E4ven utomst\u00E5ende individer, organisationer eller milj\u00F6n. S\u00E5dana effekter kallas externaliteter eller externa effekter. Om dessa effekter \u00E4r negativa - allts\u00E5 utg\u00F6r en kostnad - s\u00E5 uppst\u00E5r en total kostnad f\u00F6r samh\u00E4llet; en social kostnad. Ett exempel \u00E4r om en r\u00F6kare t\u00E4nder en cigarett. R\u00F6karen p\u00E5f\u00F6r sig sj\u00E4lv kostnader av en f\u00F6rbrukad cigarett och \u00F6kad risk f\u00F6r h\u00E4lsoproblem. Hon f\u00E5r \u00E4ven uppleva nyttan av en god cigarett. Men \u00E4ven andra individer runt om r\u00F6karen \u00E5tnjuter kostnader eller nyttor. N\u00E5gra individer kanske gillar lukten av tobaksr\u00F6k, medan flera omgivande tycker illa om den. Samtliga som uts\u00E4tts f\u00F6r r\u00F6ken l\u00F6per \u00F6kad risk f\u00F6r h\u00E4lsoproblem, problem som i sin tur kan kr\u00E4va hj\u00E4lp fr\u00E5n andra. Grundproblemet ligger i att den som handlar (r\u00F6karen) inte \u00E4r tvungen att b\u00E4ra alla negativa konsekvenser av samma handling. Det \u00F6kar risken att det ekonomiska beslutet att t\u00E4nda cigaretten kanske inte ligger i allas b\u00E4sta. Det finns dock de som argumenterar att f\u00F6r att distinktionen mellan social kostnad och privat kostnad \u00E4r extra problematisk f\u00F6r just beroendeframkallande \u00E4mnen, s\u00E5som nikotin, eftersom beroendet i sig motverkar det underliggande antagandet om rationellt beslutsfattande som \u00E4r en f\u00F6ruts\u00E4ttning f\u00F6r att tolkas som privat kostnad. Eftersom moderna samh\u00E4llen \u00E4r mycket komplexa och h\u00E4nger samman i globala n\u00E4tverk, finns sociala kostnader med vid n\u00E4stan alla ekonomiska beslut vi fattar fr\u00E5n dag till dag. Ett val mellan tv\u00E5 sorters fisk i en butik i Sverige har mycket sm\u00E5 men potentiellt viktiga konsekvenser f\u00F6r m\u00E4nniskor runt hela jorden. M\u00F6jligheten att fullst\u00E4ndigt informeras och ber\u00E4kna alla dessa \u00E4r inte m\u00F6jlig att n\u00E5. Sociala kostnader varierar \u00E4ven med vilka politiska f\u00F6rslag individer st\u00F6djer eller politiker de v\u00E4ljer. Vissa av de orsakade externaliteterna kan dock vara s\u00E5 sm\u00E5 att de saknar betydelse. Sv\u00E5righeter att m\u00E4ta och ber\u00E4kna sociala kostnader \u00E4r ett avg\u00F6rande sk\u00E4l till att nationalekonomiska kalkyler sl\u00E5r fel. Beslut som inte baseras p\u00E5 sociala kostnader \u00E4r inte ekonomiskt effektiva. M\u00E5nga normer, lagar och regler i samh\u00E4llet har som syfte att j\u00E4mka privata och sociala kostnader. Ett mycket vanligt samh\u00E4llsproblem \u00E4r f\u00F6retag, individer eller grupper som inte b\u00E4r sina egna sociala kostnader genom att agera som fripassagerare. Sociala kostnader och externaliteter \u00E4r exempel p\u00E5 marknadsmisslyckanden. M\u00E5nga politiska debatter kan ses som konflikter om det f\u00F6rekommer sociala kostnader eller om vem som skall betala dessa. Processen att sammanf\u00F6ra externa kostnader med privata kallas internalisering. Att p\u00E5 omv\u00E4nt s\u00E4tt f\u00F6ra \u00F6ver egna kostnader p\u00E5 omgivningen kallas . Att \u00E5tg\u00E4rda problem med sociala kostnader kan vara sv\u00E5rt. Sv\u00E5righeterna inkluderar intressemots\u00E4ttningar, oj\u00E4mlikheter i makt och resurser mellan akt\u00F6rer, politiska tr\u00F6gheter och problem med kollektivt handlande. Grunden till l\u00F6sningen p\u00E5 problem med sociala kostnader finns i politisk organisering. M\u00F6jliga l\u00F6sningar \u00E4r pigouvianska skatter, b\u00E4ttre definierade \u00E4gander\u00E4tter, b\u00E4ttre \u00F6vervakning och bestraffning liksom regleringar."@sv . "\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Social cost)\u200F\u060C \u0647\u064A \u062C\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0631\u062C\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064A\u0642\u064A\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u062C\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062A\u062C\u0627\u0631\u064A. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064A\u0639\u0646\u064A \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064A\u0624\u062E\u0630 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u0627\u064B \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0646\u062A\u064A\u062C\u0629\u064B \u0645\u062A\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0629\u064B \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (\u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0644\u0648\u062B \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629) \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u062A\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u062E\u0627\u0631\u062C\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062D\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062D\u0629 \u0641\u064A\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0644\u064A:"@ar . "\uC0AC\uD68C\uC801 \uBE44\uC6A9(\u793E\u6703\u7684 \u8CBB\u7528, social cost)\uC740 \uC0AC\uD68C \uC804\uBC18\uC774 \uBD80\uB2F4\uD558\uB294 \uBE44\uC6A9\uC744 \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A8\uB2E4."@ko . . . . "Sociala kostnader \u00E4r kostnader som b\u00E4rs av flera akt\u00F6rer samtidigt, typiskt sett avses kostnaderna f\u00F6r hela samh\u00E4llet. I nationalekonomi definieras den sociala kostnaden som summan av och externa kostnader. Det vanliga antagandet inom nationalekonomi \u00E4r att individer bara skulle bry sig om sina egna - privata - kostnader n\u00E4r de fattar ekonomiska beslut."@sv . . . . . . "\u793E\u4F1A\u6210\u672C\uFF08\u82F1\u8BED\uFF1Asocial cost\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u65B0\u53E4\u5178\u7ECF\u6D4E\u5B66\u4E2D\u7684\u6982\u5FF5\u3002\u793E\u4F1A\u6210\u672C\u662F\u5F53\u4EA4\u6613\u53D1\u751F\u65F6\u751F\u4EA7\u8005\u7684\u79C1\u4EBA\u6210\u672C\u548C\u5BF9\u4E0E\u4EA4\u6613\u65E0\u5173\u7684\u7B2C\u4E09\u65B9\u9020\u6210\u7684\uFF08\u672A\u88AB\u8003\u8651\u5728\u4EA4\u6613\u5185\u7684\uFF09\u8D1F\u9762\u5F71\u54CD\u7684\u603B\u548C\u3002 \u6362\u53E5\u8BDD\u8BF4\uFF0C\u5C31\u662F\u79C1\u4EBA\u4E0E\u5916\u90E8\u6210\u672C\u7684\u603B\u548C\u3002 \u79C1\u4EBA\u6210\u672C\u6307\u7684\u662F\u751F\u4EA7\u5546\u5728\u751F\u4EA7\u8FC7\u7A0B\u4E2D\u7684\u76F4\u63A5\u6210\u672C\u3002\u800C\u793E\u4F1A\u6210\u672C\u8FD8\u5305\u542B\u4E86\u90A3\u4E9B\u5B9E\u9645\u5B58\u5728\u5374\u5728\u81EA\u7531\u5E02\u573A\u4E0B\u4E0D\u4F1A\u88AB\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7684\u7684\u8D1F\u9762\u5F71\u54CD\u3002\u8FD9\u4E9B\u5F71\u54CD\uFF08\u5982\u566A\u97F3\u548C\u73AF\u5883\u6C61\u67D3\uFF09\u7684\u7ED3\u679C\u4E0D\u9700\u8981\u4E5F\u65E0\u6CD5\u7531\u95EE\u9898\u7684\u5F15\u53D1\u8005\uFF08\u4E5F\u5C31\u662F\u751F\u4EA7\u8005\uFF09\u627F\u62C5\u800C\u662F\u7531\u5B8C\u5168\u65E0\u5173\u7684\u7B2C\u4E09\u65B9\u627F\u62C5\uFF0C\u4FBF\u6210\u4E3A\u4E86\u5916\u90E8\u7684\u6210\u672C\u3002\u8FD9\u4E9B\u5916\u90E8\u6210\u672C\u4E0D\u4F1A\u88AB\u6D88\u8D39\u8005\u548C\u751F\u4EA7\u8005\u8003\u8651\u5230\uFF0C\u56E0\u4E3A\u751F\u4EA7\u8005\u53EA\u4F1A\u8003\u8651\u79C1\u4EBA\u7684\u6210\u672C\u2014\u2014\u90A3\u4E9B\u7531\u751F\u4EA7\u8005\u81EA\u5DF1\u627F\u62C5\u7684\u6210\u672C\u548C\u8D23\u4EFB\u3002"@zh . . . . "Soci\u00E1ln\u00ED n\u00E1klady v neoklasick\u00E9 ekonomii jsou sou\u010Dtem soukrom\u00FDch n\u00E1klad\u016F vypl\u00FDvaj\u00EDc\u00EDch z transakce a n\u00E1klad\u016F vznikl\u00FDch spot\u0159ebitel\u016Fm v d\u016Fsledku vystaven\u00ED transakci, za kterou nejsou kompenzov\u00E1ni ani \u00FA\u010Dtov\u00E1ni. Jin\u00FDmi slovy, je to sou\u010Det soukrom\u00FDch a extern\u00EDch n\u00E1klad\u016F. To by mohlo b\u00FDt aplikov\u00E1no na \u0159adu ekonomick\u00FDch probl\u00E9m\u016F: nap\u0159\u00EDklad byly zkoum\u00E1ny soci\u00E1ln\u00ED n\u00E1klady na uhl\u00EDk, aby se l\u00E9pe porozum\u011Blo n\u00E1klad\u016Fm na emise uhl\u00EDku pro navrhovan\u00E1 ekonomick\u00E1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ED, jako je uhl\u00EDkov\u00E1 da\u0148. Soukrom\u00E9 n\u00E1klady se vztahuj\u00ED k p\u0159\u00EDm\u00FDm n\u00E1klad\u016Fm v\u00FDrobce na v\u00FDrobu zbo\u017E\u00ED nebo slu\u017Eby. Soci\u00E1ln\u00ED n\u00E1klady zahrnuj\u00ED tyto soukrom\u00E9 n\u00E1klady a dodate\u010Dn\u00E9 n\u00E1klady (nebo extern\u00ED n\u00E1klady) spojen\u00E9 s v\u00FDrobou zbo\u017E\u00ED, pro kter\u00E9 voln\u00FD trh nezohled\u0148uje. Stru\u010Dn\u011B \u0159e\u010Deno, kdy\u017E inici\u00E1tor nem\u016F\u017Ee p\u0159ijmout d\u016Fsledky akce, budeme m\u00EDt ve spole\u010Dnosti extern\u00ED n\u00E1klady. Budeme m\u00EDt soukrom\u00E9 n\u00E1klady, kdy\u017E inici\u00E1tor m\u016F\u017Ee p\u0159evz\u00EDt odpov\u011Bdnost za akci agenta."@cs . "Soci\u00E1ln\u00ED n\u00E1klady"@cs . "\u041E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043A\u0438 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. social cost) \u0432 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u2014 \u0441\u0443\u043C\u043C\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043A, \u0432\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043B\u043A\u0438, \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043A, \u043D\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0445 \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043B\u043A\u0443, \u0437\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0443\u044E \u043E\u043D\u0438 \u043D\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u0435\u043D\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u043B\u0430\u0442\u044B."@ru . . . . . . . "Coste social"@es . "\u793E\u4F1A\u6210\u672C"@zh . . . "Social cost"@en . "425415"^^ . "\uC0AC\uD68C\uC801 \uBE44\uC6A9"@ko . . . "\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Social cost)\u200F\u060C \u0647\u064A \u062C\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0631\u062C\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064A\u0642\u064A\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u062C\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062A\u062C\u0627\u0631\u064A. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064A\u0639\u0646\u064A \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064A\u0624\u062E\u0630 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u0627\u064B \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0646\u062A\u064A\u062C\u0629\u064B \u0645\u062A\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0629\u064B \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (\u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0644\u0648\u062B \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629) \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u062A\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u062E\u0627\u0631\u062C\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062D\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062D\u0629 \u0641\u064A\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0644\u064A:"@ar . . . "12756"^^ . . . . . . . . . "Mit sozialen Grenzkosten (engl. marginal social cost) werden diejenigen Grenzkosten bezeichnet, die nicht nur bei dem Produzenten anfallen, sondern in der gesamten Wirtschaft, also zus\u00E4tzlich die externen Kosten beinhalten. Externe Kosten sind der Ressourcenverlust des Staates und der \u00FCbrigen Gesellschaftsmitglieder ohne vertragliche Grundlage, der durch die Produktion entsteht. Sie entstehen beispielsweise durch Umweltnutzung und -verschmutzung."@de . . . . . . "\u062A\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0629"@ar . "\u793E\u4F1A\u6210\u672C\uFF08\u82F1\u8BED\uFF1Asocial cost\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u65B0\u53E4\u5178\u7ECF\u6D4E\u5B66\u4E2D\u7684\u6982\u5FF5\u3002\u793E\u4F1A\u6210\u672C\u662F\u5F53\u4EA4\u6613\u53D1\u751F\u65F6\u751F\u4EA7\u8005\u7684\u79C1\u4EBA\u6210\u672C\u548C\u5BF9\u4E0E\u4EA4\u6613\u65E0\u5173\u7684\u7B2C\u4E09\u65B9\u9020\u6210\u7684\uFF08\u672A\u88AB\u8003\u8651\u5728\u4EA4\u6613\u5185\u7684\uFF09\u8D1F\u9762\u5F71\u54CD\u7684\u603B\u548C\u3002 \u6362\u53E5\u8BDD\u8BF4\uFF0C\u5C31\u662F\u79C1\u4EBA\u4E0E\u5916\u90E8\u6210\u672C\u7684\u603B\u548C\u3002 \u79C1\u4EBA\u6210\u672C\u6307\u7684\u662F\u751F\u4EA7\u5546\u5728\u751F\u4EA7\u8FC7\u7A0B\u4E2D\u7684\u76F4\u63A5\u6210\u672C\u3002\u800C\u793E\u4F1A\u6210\u672C\u8FD8\u5305\u542B\u4E86\u90A3\u4E9B\u5B9E\u9645\u5B58\u5728\u5374\u5728\u81EA\u7531\u5E02\u573A\u4E0B\u4E0D\u4F1A\u88AB\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7684\u7684\u8D1F\u9762\u5F71\u54CD\u3002\u8FD9\u4E9B\u5F71\u54CD\uFF08\u5982\u566A\u97F3\u548C\u73AF\u5883\u6C61\u67D3\uFF09\u7684\u7ED3\u679C\u4E0D\u9700\u8981\u4E5F\u65E0\u6CD5\u7531\u95EE\u9898\u7684\u5F15\u53D1\u8005\uFF08\u4E5F\u5C31\u662F\u751F\u4EA7\u8005\uFF09\u627F\u62C5\u800C\u662F\u7531\u5B8C\u5168\u65E0\u5173\u7684\u7B2C\u4E09\u65B9\u627F\u62C5\uFF0C\u4FBF\u6210\u4E3A\u4E86\u5916\u90E8\u7684\u6210\u672C\u3002\u8FD9\u4E9B\u5916\u90E8\u6210\u672C\u4E0D\u4F1A\u88AB\u6D88\u8D39\u8005\u548C\u751F\u4EA7\u8005\u8003\u8651\u5230\uFF0C\u56E0\u4E3A\u751F\u4EA7\u8005\u53EA\u4F1A\u8003\u8651\u79C1\u4EBA\u7684\u6210\u672C\u2014\u2014\u90A3\u4E9B\u7531\u751F\u4EA7\u8005\u81EA\u5DF1\u627F\u62C5\u7684\u6210\u672C\u548C\u8D23\u4EFB\u3002"@zh . "\uC0AC\uD68C\uC801 \uBE44\uC6A9(\u793E\u6703\u7684 \u8CBB\u7528, social cost)\uC740 \uC0AC\uD68C \uC804\uBC18\uC774 \uBD80\uB2F4\uD558\uB294 \uBE44\uC6A9\uC744 \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A8\uB2E4."@ko . "Social cost in neoclassical economics is the sum of the private costs resulting from a transaction and the costs imposed on the consumers as a consequence of being exposed to the transaction for which they are not compensated or charged. In other words, it is the sum of private and external costs. This might be applied to any number of economic problems: for example, social cost of carbon has been explored to better understand the costs of carbon emissions for proposed economic solutions such as a carbon tax. Private costs refer to direct costs to the producer for producing the good or service. Social cost includes these private costs and the additional costs (or external costs) associated with the production of the good which are not accounted for by the free market. In short, when the consequences of an action cannot be taken by the initiator, we will have external costs in the society. We will have private costs when initiator can take responsibility for agent's action."@en . . . . "En econom\u00EDa, el coste social se define de modo general en oposici\u00F3n al \"\". La teor\u00EDa econ\u00F3mica ayuda a la toma de decisiones individuales como una medida de costes y beneficios. La teor\u00EDa de la elecci\u00F3n racional suele asumir que los individuos solo tienen en cuenta a la hora de tomar una decisi\u00F3n los costes que ellos mismos asumen, pero no los costes que pueden ser asumidos por otros. Si todos los bienes son puramente privados, los costes asumidos por los individuos ser\u00EDan el \u00FAnico coste econ\u00F3micamente significativo. Por ejemplo, la elecci\u00F3n de adquirir un vaso de limonada en un puesto de limonada tendr\u00EDa consecuencias pr\u00E1cticamente inexistentes para cualquier otra persona excepto para el vendedor o el comprador. Los costes existentes en esta actividad econ\u00F3mica son los costes de los limones, del az\u00FAcar y del agua, ingredientes de la limonada, el coste de oportunidad del trabajo dedicado a mezclar los ingredientes para obtener limonada, as\u00ED como los costes de transacci\u00F3n, como caminar hasta el puesto."@es . . . . . "En econom\u00EDa, el coste social se define de modo general en oposici\u00F3n al \"\". La teor\u00EDa econ\u00F3mica ayuda a la toma de decisiones individuales como una medida de costes y beneficios. La teor\u00EDa de la elecci\u00F3n racional suele asumir que los individuos solo tienen en cuenta a la hora de tomar una decisi\u00F3n los costes que ellos mismos asumen, pero no los costes que pueden ser asumidos por otros."@es . . "El Cost social, en economia, representa tots els costs associats a una activitat econ\u00F2mica. El cost social \u00E9s la suma dels costos privats i de les externalitats. Per una banda, el cost de la producci\u00F3 d'un producte s'anomena o cost intern. Per altra banda, tots aquells costs o beneficis percebuts per la societat s'anomenen costs externs o, gen\u00E8ricament, externalitats. Aix\u00ED, el balan\u00E7 d'aquestos dos costs pot tenir un impacte positiu o negatiu, segons les externalitats degudes al producte s\u00F3n percebudes com a benefici o perjudici. En resum, per tal de tenir en compte els efectes socials es tenen dos casos: \n* El del cost de producci\u00F3 al qual es poden afegir costs extra, no compensats, que afecten a altres consumidors o productors. \n* El del benefici del consum al qual es poden afegir beneficis extra, no taxats, que perceben altres consumidors o productors."@ca . . . . . "\u793E\u4F1A\u7684\u8CBB\u7528\uFF08\u3057\u3083\u304B\u3044\u3066\u304D\u3072\u3088\u3046\u3001social cost\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u8CBB\u7528\u6982\u5FF5\u306E\u4E00\u3064\u3002\u5E02\u5834\u7D4C\u6E08\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u5185\u90E8\u5316\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u306A\u3044\u516C\u5BB3\u3001\u74B0\u5883\u7834\u58CA\u7B49\u306B\u3088\u308A\u793E\u4F1A\u5168\u4F53\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u7B2C\u4E09\u8005\u304C\u88AB\u308B\u640D\u5931\uFF1D\u8CA0\u62C5\u3055\u305B\u3089\u308C\u308B\u8CBB\u7528\uFF08\u5916\u90E8\u4E0D\u7D4C\u6E08\uFF09\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3044\u3046\u3002"@ja .