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"Die gesellschaftlich notwendige Arbeit ist in der marxistischen politischen \u00D6konomie die in einer Ware enthaltene Menge der zu ihrer Herstellung verausgabten abstrakten Arbeit gemessen in Zeiteinheiten. Sie ist von Karl Marx als eine Durchschnittsgr\u00F6\u00DFe definiert worden. Die gesellschaftlich notwendige Arbeitszeit bestimmt demnach den Wert einer Ware, und dieser wird auf einem Markt durch den Tauschwert und den Preis ausgedr\u00FCckt. Die gesellschaftlich notwendige Arbeit ist von der notwendigen Arbeit zu unterscheiden, die einen Teil des Arbeitstages darstellt."@de . . . "\u0648\u0642\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064A \u0627\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0627"@ar . . . . . . . . . "Socially necessary labour time"@en . "1094710311"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"\u793E\u4F1A\u5FC5\u8981\u52B3\u52A8\u65F6\u95F4\u662F\u201C\u4E2A\u522B\u52B3\u52A8\u65F6\u95F4\u201D\u7684\u5BF9\u79F0\uFF0C\u6307\u5728\u73B0\u6709\u7684\u793E\u4F1A\u6B63\u5E38\u7684\u751F\u4EA7\u6761\u4EF6\u4E0B\uFF0C\u5728\u793E\u4F1A\u5E73\u5747\u7684\u52B3\u52A8\u719F\u7EC3\u7A0B\u5EA6\u548C\u52B3\u52A8\u5F3A\u5EA6\u4E0B\u5236\u9020\u67D0\u79CD\u4F7F\u7528\u4EF7\u503C\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u52B3\u52A8\u65F6\u95F4\u3002 \u8FD9\u91CC\u7684\u201C\u73B0\u6709\u7684\u793E\u4F1A\u6B63\u5E38\u7684\u751F\u4EA7\u6761\u4EF6\u201D\u662F\u6307\u73B0\u65F6\u67D0\u751F\u4EA7\u90E8\u95E8\u7684\u5E73\u5747\u751F\u4EA7\u6761\u4EF6\uFF0C\u6216\u5927\u591A\u6570\u5546\u54C1\u751F\u4EA7\u8005\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u751F\u4EA7\u6761\u4EF6\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u6700\u4E3B\u8981\u662F\u52B3\u52A8\u5DE5\u5177\u7684\u72B6\u51B5\uFF1B\u8FD9\u91CC\u7684\u201C\u5E73\u5747\u7684\u52B3\u52A8\u719F\u7EC3\u7A0B\u5EA6\u548C\u52B3\u52A8\u5F3A\u5EA6\u201D\u662F\u6307\u4E2D\u7B49\u6C34\u5E73\u6216\u90E8\u95E8\u5E73\u5747\u52B3\u52A8\u719F\u7EC3\u7A0B\u5EA6\u548C\u52B3\u52A8\u5F3A\u5EA6\u3002 \u5982\u751F\u4EA7\u4E00\u4EF6\u4E0A\u8863\uFF0C\u5404\u4E2A\u5546\u54C1\u751F\u4EA7\u8005\u7531\u4E8E\u8BBE\u5907\u3001\u6280\u672F\u719F\u7EC3\u7A0B\u5EA6\u7B49\u5DEE\u522B\uFF0C\u4E2A\u522B\u52B3\u52A8\u65F6\u95F4\u4ECE2\u5C0F\u65F6\u52304\u5C0F\u65F6\u4E0D\u7B49\uFF0C\u4F46\u4E00\u822C\u75283\u5C0F\u65F6\u7684\u52B3\u52A8\u751F\u4EA7\u51FA\u6765\u7684\uFF0C\u8FD93\u5C0F\u65F6\u5C31\u662F\u751F\u4EA7\u4E0A\u8863\u7684\u793E\u4F1A\u5FC5\u8981\u52B3\u52A8\u65F6\u95F4\uFF1B\u5B83\u968F\u793E\u4F1A\u52B3\u52A8\u751F\u4EA7\u7387\u7684\u63D0\u9AD8\u800C\u51CF\u5C11\u3002 \u793E\u4F1A\u5FC5\u8981\u52B3\u52A8\u65F6\u95F4\u51B3\u5B9A\u5546\u54C1\u7684\u4EF7\u503C\u91CF\uFF0C\u662F\u5728\u540C\u7C7B\u5546\u54C1\u751F\u4EA7\u8005\u4E4B\u95F4\u7684\u7ADE\u4E89\u4E2D\u5B9E\u73B0\u7684\u3002 \u53E6\u5916\u9A6C\u514B\u601D\u5728\u5206\u6790\u793E\u4F1A\u751F\u4EA7\u5404\u90E8\u95E8\u4E4B\u95F4\u6309\u6BD4\u4F8B\u5206\u914D\u793E\u4F1A\u603B\u52B3\u52A8\u7684\u5FC5\u8981\u6027\u65F6\uFF0C\u63D0\u51FA\u53E6\u4E00\u610F\u4E49\u4E0A\u7684\u793E\u4F1A\u5FC5\u8981\u52B3\u52A8\u65F6\u95F4\uFF0C\u662F\u6EE1\u8DB3\u793E\u4F1A\u5BF9\u67D0\u79CD\u4EA7\u54C1\u7684\u9700\u8981\u800C\u5FC5\u987B\u5206\u914D\u5230\u67D0\u4E00\u90E8\u95E8\u53BB\u7684\u90A3\u90E8\u5206\u793E\u4F1A\u52B3\u52A8\u65F6\u95F4\uFF0C\u5982\u793E\u4F1A\u9700\u898110\u4E07\u53CC\u978B\uFF0C\u6BCF\u53CC\u978B\u9700\u5E73\u5747\u8017\u8D39\u793E\u4F1A\u52B3\u52A8\u65F6\u95F41\u5C0F\u65F6\uFF0C\u5219\u751F\u4EA7\u978B\u9700\u7684\u793E\u4F1A\u5FC5\u8981\u52B3\u52A8\u65F6\u95F4\u4E3A10\u4E07\u5C0F\u65F6\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . "\u793E\u4F1A\u5FC5\u8981\u52B3\u52A8\u65F6\u95F4"@zh . . "Socially necessary labour time in Marx's critique of political economy is what regulates the exchange value of commodities in trade and consequently constrains producers in their attempt to economise on labour. It does not 'guide' them, as it can only be determined after the event and is thus inaccessible to forward planning. Unlike individual labour hours in the classical labour theory of value formulated by Adam Smith and David Ricardo, Marx's exchange value is conceived as a proportion (or 'aliquot part') of society's labour-time. Marx did not define this concept in computationally rigorous terms, allowing for flexibility in using it in specific instances to relate average levels of labour productivity to social needs manifesting themselves as monetarily effective market demand for commodities. In addition, although it is axiomatic that socially necessary labour input determines commodity values, precise numerical calculation of such an input in relation to the value of a given commodity, i.e. the empirical regulation of the values of different types of commodities, is exceedingly difficult, due to incessantly shifting social, physical or technical circumstances affecting the labour process."@en . "\u793E\u4F1A\u7684\u5FC5\u8981\u52B4\u50CD\u6642\u9593"@ja . . . "Die gesellschaftlich notwendige Arbeit ist in der marxistischen politischen \u00D6konomie die in einer Ware enthaltene Menge der zu ihrer Herstellung verausgabten abstrakten Arbeit gemessen in Zeiteinheiten. Sie ist von Karl Marx als eine Durchschnittsgr\u00F6\u00DFe definiert worden. Die gesellschaftlich notwendige Arbeitszeit bestimmt demnach den Wert einer Ware, und dieser wird auf einem Markt durch den Tauschwert und den Preis ausgedr\u00FCckt. Die gesellschaftlich notwendige Arbeit ist von der notwendigen Arbeit zu unterscheiden, die einen Teil des Arbeitstages darstellt."@de . . . . "\u793E\u4F1A\u7684\u5FC5\u8981\u52B4\u50CD\u6642\u9593\uFF08\u3057\u3083\u304B\u3044\u3066\u304D\u3072\u3064\u3088\u3046\u308D\u3046\u3069\u3046\u3058\u304B\u3093\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Asocial necessary labor-time\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3042\u308B\u5546\u54C1\u3092\u751F\u7523\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306B\u793E\u4F1A\u7684\u30FB\u5E73\u5747\u7684\u306B\u5FC5\u8981\u306A\u52B4\u50CD\u6642\u9593\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u3053\u308C\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u305D\u306E\u5546\u54C1\u306E\u6301\u3064\u4FA1\u5024\u304C\u898F\u5B9A\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002\u3053\u308C\u306F\u300C\u4FA1\u5024\u6CD5\u5247\u300D\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . "Gesellschaftlich notwendige Arbeit"@de . . "40949117"^^ . . . . . . . "Socially necessary labour time in Marx's critique of political economy is what regulates the exchange value of commodities in trade and consequently constrains producers in their attempt to economise on labour. It does not 'guide' them, as it can only be determined after the event and is thus inaccessible to forward planning. Unlike individual labour hours in the classical labour theory of value formulated by Adam Smith and David Ricardo, Marx's exchange value is conceived as a proportion (or 'aliquot part') of society's labour-time."@en . . "14209"^^ . . .