. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "53169"^^ . . . . . "El Sistema de Transporte Interplanetario (ITS) veh\u00EDculos de lanzamiento reutilizables y naves espaciales para transportar a los seres humanos a Marte,\u200B (anteriormente Transportador Colonial de Marte en siglas en ingl\u00E9s (MCT)) es el nombre del proyecto desarrollado con fondos privados por la empresa estadounidense SpaceX para dise\u00F1ar y construir un sistema de vuelos espaciales,\u200B establecer asentamientos humanos en Marte y regresar a la Tierra. Incluir\u00E1 la infraestructura terrestre para el lanzamiento inicial y posteriores r\u00E1pidos; la tecnolog\u00EDa para la transferencia con propulsi\u00F3n en gravedad cero en la baja \u00F3rbita terrestre; as\u00ED como la tecnolog\u00EDa para permitir la colonizaci\u00F3n de Marte. Se prev\u00E9 desarrollar igualmente la tecnolog\u00EDa necesaria para apoyar las misiones de exploraci\u00F3n a otros "@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u064A\u0633 \u0625\u0643\u0633"@ar . . . . . . . "1124256991"^^ . . . . "The SpaceX Mars program is a set of projects through which the aerospace company SpaceX hopes to facilitate the colonization of Mars. The company claims that this is necessary for the long-term survival of the human species and that its Mars program, including the ongoing development of the SpaceX Starship, will reduce space transportation costs, thereby making travel to Mars a more realistic possibility. Elon Musk, who founded SpaceX, first presented his goal of enabling Mars colonization in 2001 as a member of the Mars Society's board of directors. In the 2000s and early 2010s, SpaceX made many vehicle concepts for delivering payloads and crews to Mars, including space tugs, heavy-lift launch vehicles, Red Dragon capsules. The company's current Mars plan was first formally proposed in 2016 International Astronautical Congress alongside a fully-reusable launch vehicle, the Interplanetary Transport System. Since then, the launch vehicle proposal was altered and renamed to \"Starship\", and has been in development since. The company has given many estimates of dates of the first human landing on Mars. SpaceX plans for early missions to Mars to involve small fleets of Starship spacecraft, funded by public\u2013private partnerships. The company hopes that once infrastructure is established on Mars and the launch cost is reduced further, colonization can begin. The program has been criticized as impractical, both because of uncertainties regarding its financing and because it only addresses transportation to Mars and not the problem of sustaining human life there."@en . . . . "The SpaceX Mars program is a set of projects through which the aerospace company SpaceX hopes to facilitate the colonization of Mars. The company claims that this is necessary for the long-term survival of the human species and that its Mars program, including the ongoing development of the SpaceX Starship, will reduce space transportation costs, thereby making travel to Mars a more realistic possibility."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "SpaceX Mars program"@en . "Marsovsk\u00E1 dopravn\u00ED infrastruktura"@cs . . . . . "39636436"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "SpaceX\u706B\u661F\u63A2\u6D4B\u8BA1\u5212"@zh . . . "Sistema de transporte interplanetario"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"Elon Musk a SpaceX navrhli v\u00FDvoj marsovsk\u00E9 dopravn\u00ED infrastruktury, aby byla usnadn\u011Bna kolonizace Marsu. Koncept zahrnuje pln\u011B znovupou\u017Eitelnou nosnou raketu, automatick\u00E9 n\u00E1kladn\u00ED lod\u011B, pilotovan\u00E9 lod\u011B a vyu\u017Eit\u00ED zdroj\u016F dostupn\u00FDch na Marsu pro v\u00FDrobu paliva (ISRU). SpaceX m\u00E1 za c\u00EDl vyslat prvn\u00ED pilotovanou v\u00FDpravu k rud\u00E9 planet\u011B v roce 2024. Od \u0159\u00EDjna 2017 je kl\u00ED\u010Dov\u00FDm prvkem infrastruktury raketa BFR, p\u0159ezd\u00EDvan\u00E1 t\u00E9\u017E jako \u201EBig Falcon Rocket\u201C nebo \u201EBig Fucking Rocket\u201C. Jedn\u00E1 se o dvoustup\u0148ovou raketu, u kter\u00E9 druh\u00FD stupe\u0148 tvo\u0159\u00ED samotn\u00E1 kosmick\u00E1 lo\u010F schopn\u00E1 letu k Marsu. Aby bylo dosa\u017Eeno velk\u00E9ho u\u017Eite\u010Dn\u00E9ho zat\u00ED\u017Een\u00ED, je lo\u010F nejprvne vynesena na n\u00EDzkou ob\u011B\u017Enou dr\u00E1hu Zem\u011B, kde je pomoc\u00ED n\u011Bkolika n\u00E1kladn\u00EDch lod\u00ED dotankov\u00E1na a a\u017E pot\u00E9 se vyd\u00E1 k Marsu. Po p\u0159ist\u00E1n\u00ED na Marsu je lo\u010F dotankov\u00E1na palivem vyroben\u00FDm p\u0159\u00EDmo na m\u00EDst\u011B, aby se mohla vr\u00E1tit zp\u011Bt na Zemi. P\u0159edpokl\u00E1dan\u00E1 nosnost BFR k Marsu je minim\u00E1ln\u011B 100 tun. SpaceX zam\u00FD\u0161l\u00ED soust\u0159edit sv\u00E9 zdroje na p\u0159epravn\u00ED \u010D\u00E1st kolonizace Marsu, v\u010Detn\u011B n\u00E1vrhu Sabatierovy jednotky, kter\u00E1 bude nasazena na Marsu, aby syntetizovala metan a tekut\u00FD kysl\u00EDk jako raketov\u00E9 pohonn\u00E9 l\u00E1tky z atmosf\u00E9rick\u00E9ho oxidu uhli\u010Dit\u00E9ho a vodn\u00EDho ledu. Musk\u016Fv pl\u00E1n tak p\u0159edpokl\u00E1d\u00E1, \u017Ee se do kolonizace zapoj\u00ED dal\u0161\u00ED subjekty, a\u0165 u\u017E st\u00E1tn\u00ED, nebo soukrom\u00E9."@cs . . . . . . "Elon Musk a SpaceX navrhli v\u00FDvoj marsovsk\u00E9 dopravn\u00ED infrastruktury, aby byla usnadn\u011Bna kolonizace Marsu. Koncept zahrnuje pln\u011B znovupou\u017Eitelnou nosnou raketu, automatick\u00E9 n\u00E1kladn\u00ED lod\u011B, pilotovan\u00E9 lod\u011B a vyu\u017Eit\u00ED zdroj\u016F dostupn\u00FDch na Marsu pro v\u00FDrobu paliva (ISRU). SpaceX m\u00E1 za c\u00EDl vyslat prvn\u00ED pilotovanou v\u00FDpravu k rud\u00E9 planet\u011B v roce 2024."@cs . . . . . . . . "El Sistema de Transporte Interplanetario (ITS) veh\u00EDculos de lanzamiento reutilizables y naves espaciales para transportar a los seres humanos a Marte,\u200B (anteriormente Transportador Colonial de Marte en siglas en ingl\u00E9s (MCT)) es el nombre del proyecto desarrollado con fondos privados por la empresa estadounidense SpaceX para dise\u00F1ar y construir un sistema de vuelos espaciales,\u200B establecer asentamientos humanos en Marte y regresar a la Tierra. Incluir\u00E1 la infraestructura terrestre para el lanzamiento inicial y posteriores r\u00E1pidos; la tecnolog\u00EDa para la transferencia con propulsi\u00F3n en gravedad cero en la baja \u00F3rbita terrestre; as\u00ED como la tecnolog\u00EDa para permitir la colonizaci\u00F3n de Marte. Se prev\u00E9 desarrollar igualmente la tecnolog\u00EDa necesaria para apoyar las misiones de exploraci\u00F3n a otros lugares del sistema solar, entre los que se incluir\u00EDan las lunas de J\u00FApiter y de Saturno.\u200B Hasta 2014 SpaceX hab\u00EDa iniciado el desarrollo del gran motor de cohete para el Transportador Colonial de Marte, pero el MCT no estar\u00EDa en funcionamiento antes de mediados de la d\u00E9cada de 2020.\u200B\u200B El desarrollo comenz\u00F3 de forma decidida en 2012 cuando SpaceX comenz\u00F3 el trabajo de dise\u00F1o del gran motor de cohete Raptor que se utilizar\u00E1 tanto para el veh\u00EDculo de lanzamiento ITS como para la nave espacial (cisterna STI y la Nave espacial interplanetaria). Los nuevos dise\u00F1os de motores de cohetes suelen ser considerados uno de los subprocesos m\u00E1s largos para los nuevos veh\u00EDculos de lanzamiento y naves espaciales. En junio de 2016, la compa\u00F1\u00EDa anunci\u00F3 p\u00FAblicamente planes conceptuales que incluyeron el primer cargamento de ITS a Marte,\u200Ba ser lanzado en marzo de 2022 como fecha m\u00E1s pr\u00F3xima, seguido por el primer vuelo a Marte del STI con pasajeros en un per\u00EDodo sin\u00F3dico posterior hacia 2024, que seguir\u00EDan los dos lanzamientos de pruebas preparatorias con sondas a Marte en 2018 y 2020 de un Dragon/Falcon pesado. El CEO de SpaceX, Elon Musk, dio a conocer detalles de la arquitectura del sistema en el 67\u00BA Congreso Astron\u00E1utico Internacional el 27 de septiembre de 2016. Como se ha discutido p\u00FAblicamente, SpaceX est\u00E1 concentrando sus recursos en el \u00E1rea de transporte, incluida la planta motriz que podr\u00EDa ser desplegada en Marte para hacer el propulsor de cohete methalox a partir de recursos locales. Sin embargo, Musk enfoca un conjunto mucho m\u00E1s amplio de objetivos interplanetarios de asentamiento a largo plazo, que ir\u00EDan m\u00E1s all\u00E1 de lo que SpaceX construir\u00E1 y en el que en \u00FAltima instancia involucrar\u00E1 a muchos m\u00E1s actores econ\u00F3micos -individuales, empresas o gobiernos- para facilitar el asentamiento a construir a lo largo de d\u00E9cadas."@es . .