. . "Charles O'Hara"@en . . . . "94"^^ . . "2017-10-08"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "7104"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "(5 infantry regiments, 1 dragoon regiment & 8 artillery companies)" . . . . "8000"^^ . . "John Burgoyne"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Northern and Eastern Portugal, Spain"@en . "10"^^ . . . . "2016-03-03"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . "94 cannons" . . 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"\u0418\u0441\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u041F\u043E\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043B\u0438\u044E"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "* Destruction of the Franco-Spanish army" . . . . . . . . . . . "42000"^^ . . . . 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"Charles Lee"@en . . ""@en . . . . "\u0418\u0441\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u041F\u043E\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043B\u0438\u044E \u2014 \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0444\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0442 \u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434 \u0421\u0435\u043C\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0442\u043D\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B; \u0441\u043E\u0432\u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0418\u0441\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u041F\u043E\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043B\u0438\u044E. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u0432 \u043D\u0451\u043C \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u044B \u0418\u0441\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u041F\u043E\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0438, \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0436\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u044B \u0438 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043D\u0435 \u0432\u043C\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u0432 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0444\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0442 \u043D\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043E\u043E\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432."@ru . . . . . . . . . "Painting by Joshua Reynolds."@en . "1762-11-24"^^ . "Br\u00E1s de Carvalho"@en . . . "1123175551"^^ . . . . . "A invas\u00E3o espanhola de Portugal entre 5 de Maio e 24 de Novembro de 1762 foi um epis\u00F3dio militar da Guerra dos Sete Anos, em que Espanha e Fran\u00E7a invadiram Portugal tr\u00EAs vezes e foram derrotados pela Alian\u00E7a Anglo-Portuguesa. Inicialmente, apenas for\u00E7as espanholas e portuguesas estavam envolvidas nos combates, antes dos franceses e brit\u00E2nicos terem intervindo no conflito para favorecer os seus respectivos aliados. Esta campanha foi fortemente marcada por uma guerrilha nacionalista nas regi\u00F5es montanhosas de Portugal, que cortou o abastecimento dos ex\u00E9rcitos espanh\u00F3is, e um campesinato hostil que praticava uma pol\u00EDtica de terra queimada \u00E0 medida que os ex\u00E9rcitos invasores se aproximavam, deixando-os com falta de abastecimento."@pt . . . "Portugal" . . . . . . "Invasi\u00F3n espa\u00F1ola de Portugal de 1762"@es . . . "2012-01-14"^^ . . . . . . . . . "William, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe, generalissimus of the Anglo-Portuguese forces that thrice defeated the Spanish and French offensives against Portugal."@en . . . . . . "2014-07-14"^^ . . . "42,000 (largest Spanish military mobilisation of the eighteenth century)" . . . . . . . . . "334954"^^ . . . . . "2015-02-22"^^ . "7,104 British" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Very low:"@en . . . . . . . . . . "--05-05"^^ . . . . "10\u201312,000 French (12 battalions)" . . . . . . . . "Count of Santiago"@en . . . . . "Spanish invasion of Portugal"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u063A\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062A\u063A\u0627\u0644 (1762)"@ar . . . . . . . . . "The 1762 Spanish invasion of Portugal between 5 May and 24 November, was a military episode in the wider Fantastic War in which Spain and France were defeated by the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance with broad popular resistance. It involved at first the forces of Spain and Portugal until France and Great Britain intervened in the conflict on the side of their respective allies. The war was also strongly marked by guerrilla warfare in the mountainous country, which cut off supplies from Spain, and a hostile peasantry, which enforced a scorched earth policy as the invading armies approached that left the invaders starving and short of military supplies and forced them to retreat with heavy losses, mostly from starvation, disease, and desertion."@en . "2020-01-07"^^ . . "Anglo-Portuguese victory\n* Invasion thrice defeated\n* Destruction of the Franco-Spanish army"@en . . . . . . . . . "Total:"@en . . . . . . . . . "George Townshend"@en . . . "30,000 Spaniards" . "Prince de Beauvau"@en . "La Invasi\u00F3n espa\u00F1ola de Portugal entre el 5 de mayo y el 24 de noviembre de 1762 fue un episodio militar de la Guerra de los Siete A\u00F1os, en el cual Espa\u00F1a y Francia invadieron Portugal en tres ocasiones y en todas fueron derrotados por la Alianza anglo-portuguesa. Inicialmente en los combates solo participaron fuerzas de Espa\u00F1a y Portugal, antes de que los franceses y los brit\u00E1nicos intervinieran en el conflicto para favorecer a sus respectivos aliados. Esta campa\u00F1a estuvo fuertemente marcada por una guerra de guerrillas de corte nacionalista en las comarcas monta\u00F1osas de Portugal, que cortaba los suministros de los ej\u00E9rcitos espa\u00F1oles, y un campesinado hostil que practic\u00F3 una pol\u00EDtica de tierra quemada a medida que se acercaban los ej\u00E9rcitos invasores, dejando a estos faltos de suministros. Durante la primera invasi\u00F3n, 22 000 espa\u00F1oles comandados por , entraron a la provincia de Tr\u00E1s-os-Montes (noreste de Portugal) con el objetivo final de conquistar Oporto. Tras ocupar con \u00E9xito algunas fortalezas, se vieron enfrentados a un levantamiento nacional. Aprovechando el terreno monta\u00F1oso, las guerrillas infligieron grandes p\u00E9rdidas a los invasores y pr\u00E1cticamente cortaron las l\u00EDneas de comunicaci\u00F3n con Espa\u00F1a, causando escasez de suministros esenciales. Al borde de la inanici\u00F3n, los espa\u00F1oles trataron de conquistar Oporto r\u00E1pidamente, pero fueron derrotados en la batalla del Duero y en Montalegre antes de retirarse a Espa\u00F1a. Despu\u00E9s de este fracaso, el comandante espa\u00F1ol fue sustituido por Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, conde de Aranda. Mientras tanto, una tropa de 7104 brit\u00E1nicos se estableci\u00F3 en Lisboa, lo que condujo a una reorganizaci\u00F3n masiva del ej\u00E9rcito portugu\u00E9s bajo el mando del jefe supremo de la alianza, el conde de Schaumburg-Lippe. Durante la segunda invasi\u00F3n de Portugal, 42 000 hispano-franceses bajo las \u00F3rdenes de Aranda tomaron Almeida y varias otras plazas fuertes, mientras que el ej\u00E9rcito anglo-portugu\u00E9s detuvo otra invasi\u00F3n espa\u00F1ola en la provincia de Alentejo, y contraatac\u00F3 hacia el territorio espa\u00F1ol de Valencia de Alc\u00E1ntara, donde un tercer cuerpo espa\u00F1ol se estaba reuniendo para la invasi\u00F3n. Los aliados luso-brit\u00E1nicos lograron detener al ej\u00E9rcito invasor en las monta\u00F1as al este de Abrantes, donde la pendiente del terreno era elevada para el ej\u00E9rcito franco-espa\u00F1ol, pero muy suave para los anglo-portugueses, lo que facilit\u00F3 el suministro y los movimientos de los \u00FAltimos. Los anglo-portugueses tambi\u00E9n impidieron a los invasores cruzar el r\u00EDo Tajo y los derrotaron en Vila Velha. El ej\u00E9rcito hispano-franc\u00E9s (cuyas l\u00EDneas de suministro con Espa\u00F1a hab\u00EDan sido cortadas por la guerrilla) fue pr\u00E1cticamente destruido por una estrategia de tierra quemada: los campesinos abandonaron todos los pueblos de los alrededores, llev\u00E1ndose con ellos o destruyendo todo cultivo, la comida y todo lo que pudiese ser utilizado por los invasores, incluyendo las carreteras y las casas. El gobierno portugu\u00E9s tambi\u00E9n alent\u00F3 a la deserci\u00F3n entre los invasores ofreciendo grandes sumas de dinero a todos los que desertasen, se uniesen al bando opuesto o no. El resultado final fue la desintegraci\u00F3n del ej\u00E9rcito franco-espa\u00F1ol, que fue obligado a retirarse a Castelo Branco (m\u00E1s cerca de la frontera) cuando una fuerza portuguesa bajo las \u00F3rdenes de realiz\u00F3 un movimiento envolvente hacia su retaguardia. Seg\u00FAn un observador brit\u00E1nico, los invasores sufrieron p\u00E9rdidas de unas 30 000 soldados (casi tres cuartas partes del ej\u00E9rcito original), causadas principalmente por el hambre, la deserci\u00F3n y la captura durante la persecuci\u00F3n de los remanentes franco-espa\u00F1oles por el ej\u00E9rcito anglo-portugu\u00E9s y el campesinado. Por \u00FAltimo, el ej\u00E9rcito anglo-portugu\u00E9s tom\u00F3 los cuarteles espa\u00F1oles en Castelo Branco, capturando a un gran n\u00FAmero de espa\u00F1oles, heridos y enfermos que Aranda hab\u00EDa dejado atr\u00E1s cuando se tuvo que retirar a Espa\u00F1a, despu\u00E9s de un segundo movimiento envolvente aliado. Durante la tercera invasi\u00F3n de Portugal, los espa\u00F1oles atacaron Marv\u00E3o y Ouguela, pero fueron rechazados con serias bajas. El ej\u00E9rcito anglo-portugu\u00E9s dej\u00F3 sus cuarteles de invierno y persigui\u00F3 a los espa\u00F1oles en retirada, capturando algunos prisioneros; y un cuerpo portugu\u00E9s entr\u00F3 en Espa\u00F1a y tom\u00F3 m\u00E1s prisioneros en La Codosera. El 24 de noviembre, Aranda pidi\u00F3 un alto el fuego que fue aceptado y fue firmado por el conde de Schaumburg-Lippe el 1 de diciembre de 1762. Un breve resumen de la triple invasi\u00F3n de Portugal: El primer objetivo de los aliados gobiernos de Espa\u00F1a y Francia era invadir Portugal, el antiguo aliado de Gran Breta\u00F1a, que se supon\u00EDa era totalmente incapaz de defenderse contra una confederaci\u00F3n tan formidable... ese reino d\u00E9bil e indefenso fue invadido poco despu\u00E9s en tres sitios distintos por tres ej\u00E9rcitos espa\u00F1oles, tal fue el esp\u00EDritu de patriotismo despertado entre los campesinos por unos pocos oficiales brit\u00E1nicos, que los invasores fueron rechazados, y finalmente obligados a retrocer en desgracia. The first object of the allied governments of Spain and France was to invade Portugal, the ancient ally of Great Britain, which was supposed to be wholly incapable of defending itself against so formidable a confederacy... that feeble and defenceless kingdom was invaded shortly afterwards at three distinct points by three Spanish armies, such was the spirit of patriotism awaked among the peasantry by a few British officers, that the invaders were repulsed, and ultimately driven back in disgrace. Studies in history\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Very low: (14 British soldiers killed in combat, 804 by disease or accidents; Portuguese losses low)" . "2020-01-20"^^ . . . . . . . . "300"^^ . . . . . "Invas\u00E3o Espanhola de Portugal (1762)"@pt . . "The 1762 Spanish invasion of Portugal between 5 May and 24 November, was a military episode in the wider Fantastic War in which Spain and France were defeated by the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance with broad popular resistance. It involved at first the forces of Spain and Portugal until France and Great Britain intervened in the conflict on the side of their respective allies. The war was also strongly marked by guerrilla warfare in the mountainous country, which cut off supplies from Spain, and a hostile peasantry, which enforced a scorched earth policy as the invading armies approached that left the invaders starving and short of military supplies and forced them to retreat with heavy losses, mostly from starvation, disease, and desertion. During the first invasion, 22,000 Spaniards commanded by Nicol\u00E1s de Carvajal, Marquis of Sarria, entered the Province of Alto Tr\u00E1s-os-Montes, in the northeast of Portugal, with Oporto their ultimate goal. After occupying some fortresses they were confronted with a national uprising. Taking advantage of the mountainous terrain, the guerrilla bands inflicted heavy losses on the invaders and practically cut off their communication lines with Spain, causing a shortage of essential supplies. Near starvation, the Spaniards tried to conquer Oporto quickly but were defeated in the Battle of Douro and the Battle of Montalegre before they retreated to Spain. After that failure, the Spanish commander was replaced by Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, Count of Aranda. Meanwhile, 7,104 British troops landed in Lisbon, leading a massive reorganization of the Portuguese army under Wilhelm, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe, the supreme commander-in-chief of the allies. During the second invasion of Portugal (Province of Beira), an army 42,000 French Spanish soldiers under Aranda took Almeida and several other strongholds, and the Anglo-Portuguese army stopped another Spanish invasion of Portugal by the province of Alentejo and won the Battle of Valencia de Alc\u00E1ntara (Spanish Extremadura), where a third Spanish corps was assembling for an invasion. The allies managed to stop the invading army in the mountains east of Abrantes, where the slope of the heights facing the Franco-Spanish army was abrupt but very soft on the side of the allies, which facilitated the supply and movements of the allies but acted as a barrier for the Franco-Spaniards. The Anglo-Portuguese also prevented the invaders from crossing the river Tagus and defeated them at the Battle of Vila Velha. The Franco-Spanish army (which had their supply lines from Spain cut off by the guerrillas) was virtually destroyed by a deadly scorched earth strategy. Peasants abandoned all nearby villages and took with them or destroyed the crops, food and all else that could be used by the invaders, including the roads and houses. The Portuguese government also encouraged desertion among the invaders by offering large sums to all deserters and defectors. The invaders had to choose between stay and starve or withdraw. The outcome was the disintegration of the Franco-Spanish army, which was compelled to retreat to Castelo Branco, closer to the frontier, when a Portuguese force under Townshend made an encircling movement towards its rearguard. According to a report sent to London by the British ambassador in Portugal, Edward Hay, the invaders suffered 30,000 losses, almost three-quarters of the original army, mainly caused by starvation, desertion and capture during the chase of the Franco-Spanish remnants by the Anglo-Portuguese army and peasantry. Finally, the allies took the Spanish headquarters, Castelo Branco, capturing a large number of Spaniards, wounded and sick, who had been abandoned by Aranda when he fled to Spain, after a second allied encircling movement. During the third invasion of Portugal, the Spaniards attacked Marv\u00E3o and Ouguela but were defeated with casualties. The allies left their winter quarters and chased the retreating Spaniards. They took some prisoners, and a Portuguese corps entered Spain took more prisoners at La Codosera. On 24 November, Aranda asked for a truce which was accepted and signed by Lippe on 1 December 1762."@en . . . . . . "2017-03-21"^^ . . . . . . "2016-01-29"^^ . . . . . . . . "16115968"^^ . "Portugal"@en . . . . . . . . . "La Invasi\u00F3n espa\u00F1ola de Portugal entre el 5 de mayo y el 24 de noviembre de 1762 fue un episodio militar de la Guerra de los Siete A\u00F1os, en el cual Espa\u00F1a y Francia invadieron Portugal en tres ocasiones y en todas fueron derrotados por la Alianza anglo-portuguesa. Inicialmente en los combates solo participaron fuerzas de Espa\u00F1a y Portugal, antes de que los franceses y los brit\u00E1nicos intervinieran en el conflicto para favorecer a sus respectivos aliados. Esta campa\u00F1a estuvo fuertemente marcada por una guerra de guerrillas de corte nacionalista en las comarcas monta\u00F1osas de Portugal, que cortaba los suministros de los ej\u00E9rcitos espa\u00F1oles, y un campesinado hostil que practic\u00F3 una pol\u00EDtica de tierra quemada a medida que se acercaban los ej\u00E9rcitos invasores, dejando a estos faltos de suministro"@es . "the Seven Years' War"@en . . . "25"^^ . . . . . "Count of Aranda"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "2021-08-14"^^ . "Spain" . . . . . "2021-05-07"^^ . . . . . . "* Invasion thrice defeated" . . . "A invas\u00E3o espanhola de Portugal entre 5 de Maio e 24 de Novembro de 1762 foi um epis\u00F3dio militar da Guerra dos Sete Anos, em que Espanha e Fran\u00E7a invadiram Portugal tr\u00EAs vezes e foram derrotados pela Alian\u00E7a Anglo-Portuguesa. Inicialmente, apenas for\u00E7as espanholas e portuguesas estavam envolvidas nos combates, antes dos franceses e brit\u00E2nicos terem intervindo no conflito para favorecer os seus respectivos aliados. Esta campanha foi fortemente marcada por uma guerrilha nacionalista nas regi\u00F5es montanhosas de Portugal, que cortou o abastecimento dos ex\u00E9rcitos espanh\u00F3is, e um campesinato hostil que praticava uma pol\u00EDtica de terra queimada \u00E0 medida que os ex\u00E9rcitos invasores se aproximavam, deixando-os com falta de abastecimento. Durante a primeira invas\u00E3o, 22.000 espanh\u00F3is comandados por Nicol\u00E1s de Carvajal, Marqu\u00EAs de Sarria, entraram na Prov\u00EDncia de Alto Tr\u00E1s-os-Montes (nordeste de Portugal) tendo como objetivo final chegar a cidade do Porto. Depois de ocuparem algumas fortalezas, foram confrontados com uma revolta nacional. Aproveitando o terreno montanhoso, os guerrilheiros infligiram pesadas perdas aos invasores e praticamente cortaram as suas linhas de comunica\u00E7\u00E3o com Espanha, provocando uma escassez de abastecimentos essenciais. Perto da fome, os espanh\u00F3is tentaram conquistar rapidamente o Porto, mas foram derrotados na batalha do Douro e na batalha de Montalegre antes de se retirarem para Espanha. Ap\u00F3s este fracasso, o comandante espanhol foi substitu\u00EDdo por Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, Conde de Aranda. Entretanto, 7104 tropas brit\u00E2nicas desembarcaram em Lisboa, liderando uma reorganiza\u00E7\u00E3o maci\u00E7a do ex\u00E9rcito portugu\u00EAs sob o comando do Conde de Lipa, o supremo comandante aliado. Durante a segunda invas\u00E3o de Portugal (Prov\u00EDncia da Beira), 42.000 franco-espanh\u00F3is sob Aranda tomaram Almeida e v\u00E1rios outros basti\u00F5es, enquanto o ex\u00E9rcito anglo-luso impediu outra invas\u00E3o espanhola de Portugal pela prov\u00EDncia do Alentejo, atacando em Val\u00EAncia de Alc\u00E2ntara (Extremadura espanhola), onde um terceiro corpo espanhol se estava se reunindo para a invas\u00E3o. Os aliados conseguiram deter o ex\u00E9rcito invasor nas montanhas a leste de Abrantes, onde a encosta das montanhas virada para o ex\u00E9rcito franco-espanhol era abrupta mas muito suave do lado dos aliados, o que facilitou o abastecimento e os movimentos dos aliados mas funcionou como uma barreira para os francos-espanh\u00F3is. Os anglo-portugueses tamb\u00E9m impediram os invasores de atravessar o rio Tejo e os derrotaram em Vila Velha. O ex\u00E9rcito franco-espanhol (que teve as suas linhas de abastecimento a partir de Espanha cortadas pela guerrilha) foi praticamente destru\u00EDdo por uma estrat\u00E9gia de terra queimada mortal: os camponeses abandonaram todas as aldeias em redor, levando consigo ou destruindo as colheitas, os alimentos e tudo o que podia ser utilizado pelos invasores, incluindo as estradas e as casas. O governo portugu\u00EAs tamb\u00E9m encorajou a deser\u00E7\u00E3o entre os invasores oferecendo grandes somas a todos os desertores e desertores. Os invasores tinham de escolher entre ficar e morrer de fome ou retirar-se. O resultado final foi a desintegra\u00E7\u00E3o do ex\u00E9rcito franco-espanhol, que foi obrigado a retirar-se para Castelo Branco (mais perto da fronteira) quando uma for\u00E7a portuguesa sob Townshend fez um movimento de cerco em dire\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E0 sua retaguarda. Segundo um observador brit\u00E2nico, os invasores sofreram 30.000 perdas (quase tr\u00EAs quartos do ex\u00E9rcito original), causadas principalmente pela fome, deser\u00E7\u00E3o e captura durante a persegui\u00E7\u00E3o dos restos franco-espanh\u00F3is pelo ex\u00E9rcito anglo-luso e pelos camponeses. Finalmente, o ex\u00E9rcito aliado tomou o quartel-general espanhol, Castelo Branco, capturando um grande n\u00FAmero de espanh\u00F3is, feridos e doentes - que Aranda tinha abandonado quando fugiu para Espanha, ap\u00F3s um segundo movimento de cerco aliado. Durante a terceira invas\u00E3o de Portugal, os espanh\u00F3is atacaram Marv\u00E3o e Ouguela, mas foram derrotados com baixas. O ex\u00E9rcito aliado deixou os seus aposentos de Inverno e perseguiu os espanh\u00F3is em retirada, fazendo alguns prisioneiros; e um corpo portugu\u00EAs entrou em Espanha, fazendo mais prisioneiros em La Codosera. Em 24 de Novembro, Aranda pediu uma tr\u00E9gua que foi aceita e assinada por Lipa em 1 de Dezembro de 1762."@pt . . . . . . . "European"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Anglo-Portuguese victory" . . . . . . . . . . . "Spanish invasion of Portugal (1762)"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Count of Lippe"@en . . "Marquis of Sarria"@en . "8,000 Portuguese" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Spanish invasion of Portugal"@en . . . "Alejandro O'Reilly"@en . . "Total:" . . "Earl of Loudoun"@en . . . . "Spain"@en . . . . . . . . "2020-01-08"^^ . . . . . . "30000"^^ . . 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