. . . . . . . . . "Infec\u00E7\u00E3o por transbordamento, tamb\u00E9m conhecida como transbordamento patog\u00EAnico e evento de transbordamento, ocorre quando um reservat\u00F3rio natural (popula\u00E7\u00E3o hospedeira original) com alta preval\u00EAncia de um pat\u00F3geno entra em contato com uma nova popula\u00E7\u00E3o hospedeira. O pat\u00F3geno \u00E9 transmitido a partir do reservat\u00F3rio natural e pode ou n\u00E3o ser disseminado dentro da nova popula\u00E7\u00E3o hospedeira."@pt . . . . . . . . . . "9206"^^ . . . . . "La infecci\u00F3n por derrame, tambi\u00E9n conocida como derrame de pat\u00F3genos y evento de derrame, ocurre cuando una poblaci\u00F3n de reservorios con una alta prevalencia de pat\u00F3genos entra en contacto con una nueva poblaci\u00F3n de hu\u00E9spedes. El pat\u00F3geno se transmite desde la poblaci\u00F3n del reservorio y puede o no transmitirse dentro de la poblaci\u00F3n hu\u00E9sped.\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Spillover infection, also known as pathogen spillover and spillover event, occurs when a reservoir population with a high pathogen prevalence comes into contact with a novel host population. The pathogen is transmitted from the reservoir population and may or may not be transmitted within the host population. Due to climate change and land use expansion, the risk of viral spillover is predicted to significantly increase."@en . . . . . . . "Spillover infection"@en . . "Infec\u00E7\u00E3o por transbordamento, tamb\u00E9m conhecida como transbordamento patog\u00EAnico e evento de transbordamento, ocorre quando um reservat\u00F3rio natural (popula\u00E7\u00E3o hospedeira original) com alta preval\u00EAncia de um pat\u00F3geno entra em contato com uma nova popula\u00E7\u00E3o hospedeira. O pat\u00F3geno \u00E9 transmitido a partir do reservat\u00F3rio natural e pode ou n\u00E3o ser disseminado dentro da nova popula\u00E7\u00E3o hospedeira."@pt . . "La salt d'esp\u00E8cie de pat\u00F2gens (o senzillament salt d'esp\u00E8cie quan es refereix a pat\u00F2gens o a una infecci\u00F3) es produeix quan una poblaci\u00F3 reservori amb una alta prevalen\u00E7a de pat\u00F2gens entra en contacte amb una nova poblaci\u00F3 hoste. Aix\u00ED es parla tamb\u00E9 de transmissi\u00F3 entre esp\u00E8cies. Quan el patogen s'ha transm\u00E8s des del reservori llavors es pot transmetre o no dins de la poblaci\u00F3 hoste. El salt d'esp\u00E8cie \u00E9s un fet com\u00FA; de fet, m\u00E9s de dos ter\u00E7os dels virus humans s\u00F3n zoon\u00F2tics. La majoria dels esdeveniments derivats es tradueixen en casos autolimitats sense m\u00E9s transmissi\u00F3 entre persones, com passa, per exemple, amb la r\u00E0bia, l'\u00E0ntrax, la histoplasmosi o la hidatidosi. Altres pat\u00F2gens zoon\u00F2tics poden ser transmesos pels humans per produir casos secundaris i fins i tot per establir cadenes de transmissi\u00F3 limitades. Alguns exemples s\u00F3n els filovirus d'Ebola i Marburg, els coronavirus MERS i SARS o alguns virus de la grip avi\u00E0ria. Finalment, alguns pocs esdeveniments derivats poden provocar l'adaptaci\u00F3 final del patogen als humans, que es converteixen en un nou dip\u00F2sit estable, tal com es va produir amb el virus del VIH que va provocar l'epid\u00E8mia de la sida. De fet, la majoria dels pat\u00F2gens que actualment s\u00F3n exclusius dels humans probablement van ser transmesos per altres animals en algun moment del passat. Si la hist\u00F2ria de l'adaptaci\u00F3 m\u00FAtua \u00E9s suficientment llarga, es poden establir associacions permanents hoste-microbi que donin lloc a una coevoluci\u00F3, i fins i tot a la integraci\u00F3 permanent del genoma microbi\u00E0 en el genoma hum\u00E0, com \u00E9s el cas dels virus end\u00F2gens. Com m\u00E9s properes s\u00F3n les dues esp\u00E8cies en termes filogen\u00E8tics, m\u00E9s f\u00E0cil ser\u00E0 per als microbis superar la barrera biol\u00F2gica per produir repercussions amb \u00E8xit. Per aquest motiu, altres mam\u00EDfers s\u00F3n la principal font d'agents zoon\u00F2tics per als humans. El salt d'esp\u00E8cies ha augmentat en els darrers 50 anys, principalment a causa de l'impacte ambiental de l'agricultura, que promou la desforestaci\u00F3, el canvi d'h\u00E0bitat de la fauna salvatge i els impactes de l'augment de l'\u00FAs del s\u00F2l."@ca . . "40746706"^^ . . . . "In epidemiologia il salto di specie, noto anche come spillover (dalla lingua inglese), pu\u00F2 verificarsi quando una popolazione animale ad alta prevalenza di patogeni, cosidetta serbatoio, entra in contatto con una popolazione di una specie differente, e un patogeno saltando di specie viene trasmesso dalla popolazione serbatoio diffondendosi all'interno della nuova popolazione ospite con modalit\u00E0 e sviluppi diversi. Un esempio classico di salto di specie \u00E8 rappresentato dalle zoonosi."@it . . "Salt d'esp\u00E8cie de pat\u00F2gens"@ca . "Infec\u00E7\u00E3o por transbordamento"@pt . . "Spillover infection, also known as pathogen spillover and spillover event, occurs when a reservoir population with a high pathogen prevalence comes into contact with a novel host population. The pathogen is transmitted from the reservoir population and may or may not be transmitted within the host population. Due to climate change and land use expansion, the risk of viral spillover is predicted to significantly increase."@en . . . . . "\u75C5\u539F\u6EA2\u51FA\uFF08pathogen spillover\uFF09\u662F\u6307\u75C5\u539F\u7372\u5F97\u611F\u67D3\u65B0\u5BBF\u4E3B\u7684\u80FD\u529B\uFF0C\u5F9E\u539F\u672C\u5BBF\u4E3B\uFF08\u81EA\u7136\u5BBF\u4E3B\uFF09\u8DE8\u8D8A\u5230\u53E6\u4E00\u7A2E\u5BBF\u4E3B\u7684\u73FE\u8C61\u3002\u611F\u67D3\u4EBA\u985E\u7684\u6709\u8D85\u904E\u4E09\u5206\u4E4B\u4E8C\u70BA\u4EBA\u755C\u5171\u901A\u50B3\u67D3\u75C5\uFF0C\u5373\u7531\u5176\u4ED6\u52D5\u7269\u6EA2\u51FA\u81F3\u4EBA\u985E\u3002\u5927\u591A\u6578\u4EBA\u985E\u75C5\u6BD2\u6700\u65E9\u90FD\u53EF\u80FD\u662F\u7531\u5176\u4ED6\u52D5\u7269\u6EA2\u51FA\u800C\u4F86\u3002\u591A\u6578\u75C5\u6BD2\u6EA2\u51FA\u4E8B\u4EF6\u70BA\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5076\u767C\u611F\u67D3\uFF0C\u4E0D\u6703\u767C\u751F\u9032\u4E00\u6B65\u4EBA\u50B3\u4EBA\u7684\u611F\u67D3\uFF0C\u5982\u72C2\u72AC\u75C5\u6BD2\u7D93\u52D5\u7269\u54AC\u50B7\u7684\u50B7\u53E3\u611F\u67D3\u4EBA\u985E\uFF0C\u4E0D\u904E\u6709\u4E9B\u75C5\u6BD2\u6EA2\u51FA\u5247\u6703\u5728\u4EBA\u7FA4\u4E2D\u64F4\u6563\uFF0C\u9020\u6210\u65B0\u8208\u50B3\u67D3\u75C5\uFF0C\u5982\u4F0A\u6CE2\u62C9\u75C5\u6BD2\u3001SARS-CoV\u3001MERS-CoV\u8207SARS-CoV-2\u7B49\u3002\u5176\u4ED6\u751F\u7269\u9593\u4E5F\u5E38\u6709\u75C5\u539F\u6EA2\u51FA\u4E8B\u4EF6\u767C\u751F\uFF0C\u611F\u67D3\u91CE\u751F\u52D5\u7269\u7684\u75C5\u539F\u53EF\u80FD\u6EA2\u51FA\u81F3\u5BB6\u79BD\u8207\u5BB6\u755C\uFF0C\u5982\u9D28\u51A0\u72C0\u75C5\u6BD22714\u81EA\u91CE\u751F\u6C34\u9CE5\u6EA2\u51FA\u81F3\u5BB6\u96DE\u3001\u5E03\u9B6F\u6C0F\u83CC\u75C5\u81EA\u975E\u6D32\u6C34\u725B\u6EA2\u51FA\u81F3\u755C\u990A\u7684\u725B\u96BB\u3001\u732A\u6025\u6027\u8179\u6CFB\u7EFC\u5408\u5F81\u51A0\u72B6\u75C5\u6BD2\uFF08SADS-CoV\uFF09\u81EA\u8759\u8760\u6EA2\u51FA\u81F3\u8C6C\u96BB\u7B49\uFF0C\u4E5F\u6709\u611F\u67D3\u91CE\u751F\u96DC\u8349\u7684\u75C5\u539F\u6EA2\u51FA\u81F3\u8FB2\u4F5C\u7269\u7684\u4F8B\u5B50\u3002 \u8FD1\u5E74\u4F86\u52D5\u7269\u75C5\u539F\u6EA2\u51FA\u81F3\u4EBA\u985E\u7684\u4E8B\u4EF6\u983B\u983B\u589E\u52A0\uFF0C\u53EF\u80FD\u539F\u56E0\u6709\u8FB2\u5730\u64F4\u5F35\u3001\u68EE\u6797\u780D\u4F10\u3001\u91CE\u751F\u52D5\u7269\u7684\u68F2\u5730\u7834\u58DE\u7B49\u3002\u75C5\u539F\u6EA2\u51FA\u81F3\u4EBA\u985E\u7684\u904E\u7A0B\u53D7\u539F\u59CB\u5BBF\u4E3B\u5206\u5E03\u8207\u5BC6\u5EA6\u3001\u75C5\u539F\u6D41\u884C\u7387\u3001\u6563\u64AD\u5F37\u5EA6\u8207\u5B58\u6D3B\u7387\u3001\u8207\u4EBA\u985E\u63A5\u89F8\u60C5\u5F62\u548C\u4EBA\u985E\u514D\u75AB\u53CD\u61C9\u7B49\u56E0\u7D20\u5F71\u97FF\uFF0C\u6EA2\u51FA\u904E\u7A0B\u7684\u74F6\u9838\u6B65\u9A5F\u56E0\u75C5\u539F\u4E0D\u540C\u800C\u7570\u3002"@zh . . . . . "1124639519"^^ . "In epidemiologia il salto di specie, noto anche come spillover (dalla lingua inglese), pu\u00F2 verificarsi quando una popolazione animale ad alta prevalenza di patogeni, cosidetta serbatoio, entra in contatto con una popolazione di una specie differente, e un patogeno saltando di specie viene trasmesso dalla popolazione serbatoio diffondendosi all'interno della nuova popolazione ospite con modalit\u00E0 e sviluppi diversi. Un esempio classico di salto di specie \u00E8 rappresentato dalle zoonosi."@it . "\u75C5\u539F\u6EA2\u51FA\uFF08pathogen spillover\uFF09\u662F\u6307\u75C5\u539F\u7372\u5F97\u611F\u67D3\u65B0\u5BBF\u4E3B\u7684\u80FD\u529B\uFF0C\u5F9E\u539F\u672C\u5BBF\u4E3B\uFF08\u81EA\u7136\u5BBF\u4E3B\uFF09\u8DE8\u8D8A\u5230\u53E6\u4E00\u7A2E\u5BBF\u4E3B\u7684\u73FE\u8C61\u3002\u611F\u67D3\u4EBA\u985E\u7684\u6709\u8D85\u904E\u4E09\u5206\u4E4B\u4E8C\u70BA\u4EBA\u755C\u5171\u901A\u50B3\u67D3\u75C5\uFF0C\u5373\u7531\u5176\u4ED6\u52D5\u7269\u6EA2\u51FA\u81F3\u4EBA\u985E\u3002\u5927\u591A\u6578\u4EBA\u985E\u75C5\u6BD2\u6700\u65E9\u90FD\u53EF\u80FD\u662F\u7531\u5176\u4ED6\u52D5\u7269\u6EA2\u51FA\u800C\u4F86\u3002\u591A\u6578\u75C5\u6BD2\u6EA2\u51FA\u4E8B\u4EF6\u70BA\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5076\u767C\u611F\u67D3\uFF0C\u4E0D\u6703\u767C\u751F\u9032\u4E00\u6B65\u4EBA\u50B3\u4EBA\u7684\u611F\u67D3\uFF0C\u5982\u72C2\u72AC\u75C5\u6BD2\u7D93\u52D5\u7269\u54AC\u50B7\u7684\u50B7\u53E3\u611F\u67D3\u4EBA\u985E\uFF0C\u4E0D\u904E\u6709\u4E9B\u75C5\u6BD2\u6EA2\u51FA\u5247\u6703\u5728\u4EBA\u7FA4\u4E2D\u64F4\u6563\uFF0C\u9020\u6210\u65B0\u8208\u50B3\u67D3\u75C5\uFF0C\u5982\u4F0A\u6CE2\u62C9\u75C5\u6BD2\u3001SARS-CoV\u3001MERS-CoV\u8207SARS-CoV-2\u7B49\u3002\u5176\u4ED6\u751F\u7269\u9593\u4E5F\u5E38\u6709\u75C5\u539F\u6EA2\u51FA\u4E8B\u4EF6\u767C\u751F\uFF0C\u611F\u67D3\u91CE\u751F\u52D5\u7269\u7684\u75C5\u539F\u53EF\u80FD\u6EA2\u51FA\u81F3\u5BB6\u79BD\u8207\u5BB6\u755C\uFF0C\u5982\u9D28\u51A0\u72C0\u75C5\u6BD22714\u81EA\u91CE\u751F\u6C34\u9CE5\u6EA2\u51FA\u81F3\u5BB6\u96DE\u3001\u5E03\u9B6F\u6C0F\u83CC\u75C5\u81EA\u975E\u6D32\u6C34\u725B\u6EA2\u51FA\u81F3\u755C\u990A\u7684\u725B\u96BB\u3001\u732A\u6025\u6027\u8179\u6CFB\u7EFC\u5408\u5F81\u51A0\u72B6\u75C5\u6BD2\uFF08SADS-CoV\uFF09\u81EA\u8759\u8760\u6EA2\u51FA\u81F3\u8C6C\u96BB\u7B49\uFF0C\u4E5F\u6709\u611F\u67D3\u91CE\u751F\u96DC\u8349\u7684\u75C5\u539F\u6EA2\u51FA\u81F3\u8FB2\u4F5C\u7269\u7684\u4F8B\u5B50\u3002 \u8FD1\u5E74\u4F86\u52D5\u7269\u75C5\u539F\u6EA2\u51FA\u81F3\u4EBA\u985E\u7684\u4E8B\u4EF6\u983B\u983B\u589E\u52A0\uFF0C\u53EF\u80FD\u539F\u56E0\u6709\u8FB2\u5730\u64F4\u5F35\u3001\u68EE\u6797\u780D\u4F10\u3001\u91CE\u751F\u52D5\u7269\u7684\u68F2\u5730\u7834\u58DE\u7B49\u3002\u75C5\u539F\u6EA2\u51FA\u81F3\u4EBA\u985E\u7684\u904E\u7A0B\u53D7\u539F\u59CB\u5BBF\u4E3B\u5206\u5E03\u8207\u5BC6\u5EA6\u3001\u75C5\u539F\u6D41\u884C\u7387\u3001\u6563\u64AD\u5F37\u5EA6\u8207\u5B58\u6D3B\u7387\u3001\u8207\u4EBA\u985E\u63A5\u89F8\u60C5\u5F62\u548C\u4EBA\u985E\u514D\u75AB\u53CD\u61C9\u7B49\u56E0\u7D20\u5F71\u97FF\uFF0C\u6EA2\u51FA\u904E\u7A0B\u7684\u74F6\u9838\u6B65\u9A5F\u56E0\u75C5\u539F\u4E0D\u540C\u800C\u7570\u3002"@zh . . "La salt d'esp\u00E8cie de pat\u00F2gens (o senzillament salt d'esp\u00E8cie quan es refereix a pat\u00F2gens o a una infecci\u00F3) es produeix quan una poblaci\u00F3 reservori amb una alta prevalen\u00E7a de pat\u00F2gens entra en contacte amb una nova poblaci\u00F3 hoste. Aix\u00ED es parla tamb\u00E9 de transmissi\u00F3 entre esp\u00E8cies. Quan el patogen s'ha transm\u00E8s des del reservori llavors es pot transmetre o no dins de la poblaci\u00F3 hoste."@ca . "Salto di specie"@it . "Infecci\u00F3n por derrame"@es . . "\u75C5\u539F\u6EA2\u51FA"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La infecci\u00F3n por derrame, tambi\u00E9n conocida como derrame de pat\u00F3genos y evento de derrame, ocurre cuando una poblaci\u00F3n de reservorios con una alta prevalencia de pat\u00F3genos entra en contacto con una nueva poblaci\u00F3n de hu\u00E9spedes. El pat\u00F3geno se transmite desde la poblaci\u00F3n del reservorio y puede o no transmitirse dentro de la poblaci\u00F3n hu\u00E9sped.\u200B"@es .