. . . . . . . . . . . . "Spire (mollusc)"@en . . . "Skr\u0119tka (konchiologia)"@pl . . . . . . . . . . "1056162018"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "A spire is a part of the coiled shell of molluscs. The spire consists of all of the whorls except for the body whorl. Each spire whorl represents a rotation of 360\u00B0. A spire is part of the shell of a snail, a gastropod mollusc, a gastropod shell, and also the whorls of the shell in ammonites, which are fossil shelled cephalopods. In textbook illustrations of gastropod shells, the tradition (with a few exceptions) is to show most shells with the spire uppermost on the page. The spire, when it is not damaged or eroded, includes the protoconch (also called the nuclear whorls or the larval shell), and most of the subsequent teleoconch whorls (also called the postnuclear whorls), which gradually increase in area as they are formed. Thus the spire in most gastropods is pointed, the tip being known as the \"apex\". The word \"spire\" is used, in an analogy to a church spire or rock spire, a high, thin, pinnacle. The \"spire angle\" is the angle, as seen from the apex, at which a spire increases in area. It is an angle formed by imaginary lines tangent to the spire. Some gastropod shells have very high spires (the shell is much higher than wide), some have low spires (the shell is much wider than high), and there are all possible grades between. In a few gastropod families the shells are not helical in their coiling, but instead are planispiral, flat-coiled. In these shells, the spire does not have a raised point, but instead is sunken. Snails with high spires tend to prefer vertical surfaces while those with low spires prefer horizontal surfaces. This is thought to aid in reducing competition between high and low-spired species in a habitat. Snails with middle-height spires show little preference to surface angle. Gastropod shells that are not spirally coiled (for example shells of limpets) have no columella."@en . . . "6085"^^ . . . "A spire is a part of the coiled shell of molluscs. The spire consists of all of the whorls except for the body whorl. Each spire whorl represents a rotation of 360\u00B0. A spire is part of the shell of a snail, a gastropod mollusc, a gastropod shell, and also the whorls of the shell in ammonites, which are fossil shelled cephalopods. In textbook illustrations of gastropod shells, the tradition (with a few exceptions) is to show most shells with the spire uppermost on the page. Gastropod shells that are not spirally coiled (for example shells of limpets) have no columella."@en . . . . . . "Skr\u0119tka \u2013 wszystkie widoczne skr\u0119ty muszli, z wyj\u0105tkiem ostatniego, najm\u0142odszego i zazwyczaj najwi\u0119kszego. Stosunek wysoko\u015Bci skr\u0119tki do wysoko\u015Bci otworu muszli u wielu gatunk\u00F3w \u015Blimak\u00F3w jest specyficzn\u0105 cech\u0105 diagnostyczn\u0105, wa\u017Cn\u0105 przy oznaczaniu. Znaczenie diagnostyczne maj\u0105 tak\u017Ce takie cechy skr\u0119tki jak: stopie\u0144 wysklepienia skr\u0119t\u00F3w (czy skr\u0119ty zmniejszaj\u0105 si\u0119 p\u0142ynnie czy te\u017C schodkowato) oraz zako\u0144czenie szczytu (ostry czy ob\u0142y). U niekt\u00F3rych \u015Blimak\u00F3w np. u zatoczka pospolitego skr\u0119tka nie wypi\u0119trza si\u0119, tworz\u0105c kilka wsp\u00F3\u0142\u015Brodkowych pier\u015Bcieni. U innych \u015Blimak\u00F3w, np. u b\u0142otniarki jajowatej, skr\u0119tka jest silnie zredukowana na rzecz ostatniego skr\u0119tu. \u201ETypowo \u015Blimacz\u0105\u201D skr\u0119tk\u0119 maj\u0105 takie gatunki jak np. b\u0142otniarka stawowa i \u015Blimak winniczek."@pl . . . . . . . "Skr\u0119tka \u2013 wszystkie widoczne skr\u0119ty muszli, z wyj\u0105tkiem ostatniego, najm\u0142odszego i zazwyczaj najwi\u0119kszego. Stosunek wysoko\u015Bci skr\u0119tki do wysoko\u015Bci otworu muszli u wielu gatunk\u00F3w \u015Blimak\u00F3w jest specyficzn\u0105 cech\u0105 diagnostyczn\u0105, wa\u017Cn\u0105 przy oznaczaniu. Znaczenie diagnostyczne maj\u0105 tak\u017Ce takie cechy skr\u0119tki jak: stopie\u0144 wysklepienia skr\u0119t\u00F3w (czy skr\u0119ty zmniejszaj\u0105 si\u0119 p\u0142ynnie czy te\u017C schodkowato) oraz zako\u0144czenie szczytu (ostry czy ob\u0142y). U niekt\u00F3rych \u015Blimak\u00F3w np. u zatoczka pospolitego skr\u0119tka nie wypi\u0119trza si\u0119, tworz\u0105c kilka wsp\u00F3\u0142\u015Brodkowych pier\u015Bcieni. U innych \u015Blimak\u00F3w, np. u b\u0142otniarki jajowatej, skr\u0119tka jest silnie zredukowana na rzecz ostatniego skr\u0119tu. \u201ETypowo \u015Blimacz\u0105\u201D skr\u0119tk\u0119 maj\u0105 takie gatunki jak np. b\u0142otniarka stawowa i \u015Blimak winniczek."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . "1934110"^^ . . . . . .