. . . . "L'estroma \u00E9s l'espai l\u00EDquid que envolta els granes dins del plastidi del cloroplast. Per analogia amb el mitocondri l'estroma es correspondria a la matriu mitocondrial.Dins l'estroma hi ha piles de grana de tilacoides, els suborg\u00E0nuls on comen\u00E7a la fotos\u00EDntesi, amb el benent\u00E8s que contenen els pigments fotosint\u00E8tics, abans que els canvis qu\u00EDmics es completin a l'estroma.La fotos\u00EDntesi ocorre en dos estadis. En el primer estadi captura l'energia de la llum i la fa servir per mol\u00E8cules d'emmagatzematge d'energia ATP i NADPH. Durant el segon estadi, fa servir aquests productes per capturar i reduir nitrogen.Les s\u00E8ries de reaccions redox que tenen lloc a l'estroma s'anomenen col\u00B7lectivament cicle de Calvin i a tres fases: Fixaci\u00F3 de carboni, reaccions de reducci\u00F3 i regeneraci\u00F3 de la ribulosa 1,5-bisfosfat (RuBP)."@ca . . "Stroma (cytologie)"@fr . . "En citolog\u00EDa vegetal, el estroma es la cavidad interna del plasto y el medio que contiene. Est\u00E1 encerrado dentro de la membrana plastidial interna y a su vez ba\u00F1a a los tilacoides En el estroma se encuentran el ADN plastidial y los ribosomas plastidiales. Es el compartimento donde se realizan los procesos de la llamada fase oscura de la fotos\u00EDntesis, especialmente el ciclo de Calvin. El estroma es hom\u00F3logo al citoplasma de las cianobacterias, de las que derivan evolutivamente los plastos, y tambi\u00E9n lo es de la matriz de las mitocondrias. \n* Datos: Q557179"@es . "\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB85C\uB9C8"@ko . . . "Het stroma is de grondvloeistof van een chloroplast. De membraansystemen die in het stroma zijn ingebed (thylako\u00EFden genaamd) bevatten moleculaire complexen die betrokken zijn bij de fotosynthese. Het stroma is een eiwitrijke, alkalische, waterige oplossing dat overeenkomt met het cytosol van de oorspronkelijke cyanobacterie. Naast het thylako\u00EFdesysteem draagt het stroma ook de bijbehorende plastoglobuli, zetmeelkorrels en andere eiwitcomplexen. Fotosynthese bestaat uit een keten van biochemische redoxreacties die grotendeels plaatsvinden in het stroma. De fotosynthese is globaal op te delen in twee samenhangende deelreacties. In de eerste fase, de lichtreacties, vangen chlorofylmoleculen de energie van licht en gebruiken deze om de energierijke moleculen ATP en NADPH te synthetiseren. Tijdens de tweede fase, de Calvincyclus, worden de energierijke moleculen in het stroma gebruikt om koolstofdioxide om te zetten in organisch materiaal (glucose). Het stroma is ook de plaats waarin het chloroplast-DNA en de ribosomen voorkomen. In het stroma vinden daarom verschillende processen plaats die hiermee samenhangen: replicatie van het chloroplast-DNA, en de genexpressie van bepaalde chloroplast-eiwitten."@nl . . "Stroma (botanica)"@it . . . "Stroma, in botany, refers to the colorless fluid surrounding the grana within the chloroplast. Within the stroma are grana (stacks of thylakoid), and the sub-organelles or daughter cells, where photosynthesis is commenced before the chemical changes are completed in the stroma. Photosynthesis occurs in two stages. In the first stage, light-dependent reactions capture the energy of light and use it to make the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH. During the second stage, the light-independent reactions use these products to fix carbon by capturing and reducing carbon dioxide."@en . . . "Stroma \u2013 p\u0142ynne wn\u0119trze plastyd\u00F3w otoczone dwiema b\u0142onami. W stromie chloroplast\u00F3w zachodzi cykl Calvina. W stromie zawieszone s\u0105: kolista cz\u0105steczka DNA, plastoglobule, ziarna skrobi, krystaliczne lub bezpostaciowe wtr\u0119ty fitoferrytyny, rybosomy, kt\u00F3re bior\u0105 udzia\u0142 w produkcji bia\u0142ek. S\u0105 one jednak mniejsze od rybosom\u00F3w znajduj\u0105cych si\u0119 w cytoplazmie. Chloroplastowe rybosomy maja sta\u0142\u0105 sedymentacji 70S, podobnie jak rybosomy mitochondrialne, a ich pochodzenie t\u0142umaczy teoria endosymbiozy."@pl . . . "En citolog\u00EDa vegetal, el estroma es la cavidad interna del plasto y el medio que contiene. Est\u00E1 encerrado dentro de la membrana plastidial interna y a su vez ba\u00F1a a los tilacoides En el estroma se encuentran el ADN plastidial y los ribosomas plastidiales. Es el compartimento donde se realizan los procesos de la llamada fase oscura de la fotos\u00EDntesis, especialmente el ciclo de Calvin. El estroma es hom\u00F3logo al citoplasma de las cianobacterias, de las que derivan evolutivamente los plastos, y tambi\u00E9n lo es de la matriz de las mitocondrias. \n* Datos: Q557179"@es . "Stroma (fluid)"@en . . "Stroma (chloroplast)"@nl . . . . . "En cytologie, le stroma est le fluide incolore qui entoure les thylako\u00EFdes dans les chloroplastes des cellules v\u00E9g\u00E9tales. C'est en son sein que se d\u00E9roule la fixation du carbone par le cycle de Calvin de la photosynth\u00E8se ainsi que la transcription et la traduction du plastome, c'est-\u00E0-dire du mat\u00E9riel g\u00E9n\u00E9tique des chloroplastes, ces derniers poss\u00E9dant leurs propres ribosomes. Le pH du stroma augmente au cours de la photosynth\u00E8se en raison du pompage des protons vers le lumen des thylako\u00EFdes sous l'effet de la lumi\u00E8re."@fr . . . "Lo stroma \u00E8 il fluido che si trova nella parte interna di un cloroplasto. Il cloroplasto \u00E8 la sede della fotosintesi clorofilliana di un vegetale e si trova nelle cellule fogliari; lo stroma, essendo un fluido, \u00E8 racchiuso all'interno della doppia membrana del cloroplasto. Immersi nello stroma si trovano inoltre i ribosomi del cloroplasto (ricordiamo che la sua sintesi proteica \u00E8 indipendente dalla cellula) e il DNA, che a causa dell'origine batterica del cloroplasto, \u00E8 circolare. Immerse nello stroma si trovano inoltre le membrane tilacoidali, cio\u00E8 i tilacoidi contenenti clorofilla, e le vescicole d'amido."@it . . "1044604593"^^ . . . . "Het stroma is de grondvloeistof van een chloroplast. De membraansystemen die in het stroma zijn ingebed (thylako\u00EFden genaamd) bevatten moleculaire complexen die betrokken zijn bij de fotosynthese. Het stroma is een eiwitrijke, alkalische, waterige oplossing dat overeenkomt met het cytosol van de oorspronkelijke cyanobacterie. Naast het thylako\u00EFdesysteem draagt het stroma ook de bijbehorende plastoglobuli, zetmeelkorrels en andere eiwitcomplexen."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . "L'estroma \u00E9s l'espai l\u00EDquid que envolta els granes dins del plastidi del cloroplast. Per analogia amb el mitocondri l'estroma es correspondria a la matriu mitocondrial.Dins l'estroma hi ha piles de grana de tilacoides, els suborg\u00E0nuls on comen\u00E7a la fotos\u00EDntesi, amb el benent\u00E8s que contenen els pigments fotosint\u00E8tics, abans que els canvis qu\u00EDmics es completin a l'estroma.La fotos\u00EDntesi ocorre en dos estadis. En el primer estadi captura l'energia de la llum i la fa servir per mol\u00E8cules d'emmagatzematge d'energia ATP i NADPH. Durant el segon estadi, fa servir aquests productes per capturar i reduir nitrogen.Les s\u00E8ries de reaccions redox que tenen lloc a l'estroma s'anomenen col\u00B7lectivament cicle de Calvin i a tres fases: Fixaci\u00F3 de carboni, reaccions de reducci\u00F3 i regeneraci\u00F3 de la ribulosa 1"@ca . "\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB85C\uB9C8(\uC601\uC5B4: stroma)\uB294 \uC2DD\uBB3C\uC758 \uC5FD\uB85D\uCCB4 \uC18D\uC758 (\uB77C\uBA5C\uB77C\uAD6C\uC870)\uC744 \uAC16\uB294 \uC218\uC6A9\uC131\uBD80\uBD84\uC774\uB2E4. \uBB34\uC0C9\uC758 \uD22C\uBA85\uD55C \uBB3C\uACFC \uAC19\uC740 \uAE30\uC9C8\uB85C\uC11C \uB9AC\uBCF4\uC19C\uACFC , \uC640 \uD6A8\uC18C \uB4F1\uC774 \uD568\uC720\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uC2DD\uBB3C\uC758 \uAD11\uD569\uC131\uC791\uC6A9\uC740 \uBE5B\uC744 \uC774\uC6A9\uD55C \uBA85\uBC18\uC751\uACFC \uBE5B\uACFC \uAD00\uACC4\uC5C6\uC774 \uC77C\uC5B4\uB098\uB294 \uC554\uBC18\uC751\uC73C\uB85C \uC774\uB8E8\uC5B4\uC9C4\uB2E4. \uC774 \uB450 \uAC00\uC9C0 \uBC18\uC751\uC774 \uC77C\uC5B4\uB098\uB294 \uC7A5\uC18C\uAC00 \uC2DD\uBB3C\uC138\uD3EC\uC758 \uC5FD\uB85D\uCCB4 \uB0B4\uBD80\uB97C \uC774\uB8E8\uB294 \uAD6C\uC870\uBB3C\uC778, \uADF8\uB77C\uB098(\uD2F8\uB77C\uCF54\uC774\uB4DC\uAC00 \uCF1C\uCF1C\uC774 \uC313\uC5EC \uC774\uB8E8\uC5B4\uC9D0)\uC640 \uC2A4\uD2B8\uB85C\uB9C8\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774\uC0B0\uD654\uD0C4\uC18C\uB97C \uC774\uC6A9\uD574 \uD3EC\uB3C4\uB2F9\uC744 \uC0DD\uC131\uD574\uB0B4\uB294 \uC7A5\uC18C\uAC00 \uC2A4\uD2B8\uB85C\uB9C8 \uB0B4\uBD80\uC774\uBA70, \uC774 \uC791\uC6A9\uC744 \uC77C\uCEEC\uC5B4 \uC554\uBC18\uC751\uC774\uB77C \uD55C\uB2E4. \uBA85\uBC18\uC751\uC744 \uBCF4\uC774\uB294 \uADF8\uB77C\uB098\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uD761\uC218\uB41C \uBB3C\uB85C\uC368 \uC0B0\uC18C\uAC00 \uC0DD\uC131\uB41C\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . "\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB85C\uB9C8(\uC601\uC5B4: stroma)\uB294 \uC2DD\uBB3C\uC758 \uC5FD\uB85D\uCCB4 \uC18D\uC758 (\uB77C\uBA5C\uB77C\uAD6C\uC870)\uC744 \uAC16\uB294 \uC218\uC6A9\uC131\uBD80\uBD84\uC774\uB2E4. \uBB34\uC0C9\uC758 \uD22C\uBA85\uD55C \uBB3C\uACFC \uAC19\uC740 \uAE30\uC9C8\uB85C\uC11C \uB9AC\uBCF4\uC19C\uACFC , \uC640 \uD6A8\uC18C \uB4F1\uC774 \uD568\uC720\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uC2DD\uBB3C\uC758 \uAD11\uD569\uC131\uC791\uC6A9\uC740 \uBE5B\uC744 \uC774\uC6A9\uD55C \uBA85\uBC18\uC751\uACFC \uBE5B\uACFC \uAD00\uACC4\uC5C6\uC774 \uC77C\uC5B4\uB098\uB294 \uC554\uBC18\uC751\uC73C\uB85C \uC774\uB8E8\uC5B4\uC9C4\uB2E4. \uC774 \uB450 \uAC00\uC9C0 \uBC18\uC751\uC774 \uC77C\uC5B4\uB098\uB294 \uC7A5\uC18C\uAC00 \uC2DD\uBB3C\uC138\uD3EC\uC758 \uC5FD\uB85D\uCCB4 \uB0B4\uBD80\uB97C \uC774\uB8E8\uB294 \uAD6C\uC870\uBB3C\uC778, \uADF8\uB77C\uB098(\uD2F8\uB77C\uCF54\uC774\uB4DC\uAC00 \uCF1C\uCF1C\uC774 \uC313\uC5EC \uC774\uB8E8\uC5B4\uC9D0)\uC640 \uC2A4\uD2B8\uB85C\uB9C8\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774\uC0B0\uD654\uD0C4\uC18C\uB97C \uC774\uC6A9\uD574 \uD3EC\uB3C4\uB2F9\uC744 \uC0DD\uC131\uD574\uB0B4\uB294 \uC7A5\uC18C\uAC00 \uC2A4\uD2B8\uB85C\uB9C8 \uB0B4\uBD80\uC774\uBA70, \uC774 \uC791\uC6A9\uC744 \uC77C\uCEEC\uC5B4 \uC554\uBC18\uC751\uC774\uB77C \uD55C\uB2E4. \uBA85\uBC18\uC751\uC744 \uBCF4\uC774\uB294 \uADF8\uB77C\uB098\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uD761\uC218\uB41C \uBB3C\uB85C\uC368 \uC0B0\uC18C\uAC00 \uC0DD\uC131\uB41C\uB2E4."@ko . "Lo stroma \u00E8 il fluido che si trova nella parte interna di un cloroplasto. Il cloroplasto \u00E8 la sede della fotosintesi clorofilliana di un vegetale e si trova nelle cellule fogliari; lo stroma, essendo un fluido, \u00E8 racchiuso all'interno della doppia membrana del cloroplasto."@it . . . "Estroma (anatomia cel\u00B7lular)"@ca . . . . "2052"^^ . "En cytologie, le stroma est le fluide incolore qui entoure les thylako\u00EFdes dans les chloroplastes des cellules v\u00E9g\u00E9tales. C'est en son sein que se d\u00E9roule la fixation du carbone par le cycle de Calvin de la photosynth\u00E8se ainsi que la transcription et la traduction du plastome, c'est-\u00E0-dire du mat\u00E9riel g\u00E9n\u00E9tique des chloroplastes, ces derniers poss\u00E9dant leurs propres ribosomes. Le pH du stroma augmente au cours de la photosynth\u00E8se en raison du pompage des protons vers le lumen des thylako\u00EFdes sous l'effet de la lumi\u00E8re."@fr . . . . "\u30B9\u30C8\u30ED\u30DE(Stroma)\u3068\u306F\u3001\u690D\u7269\u7D30\u80DE\u5185\u306E\u8449\u7DD1\u4F53\u5185\u3067\u30B0\u30E9\u30CA\u3092\u53D6\u308A\u56F2\u3080\u7121\u8272\u306E\u6DB2\u4F53\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u30C1\u30E9\u30B3\u30A4\u30C9\u304C\u91CD\u306A\u3063\u305F\u30B0\u30E9\u30CA\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u5149\u5408\u6210\u304C\u958B\u59CB\u3057\u3001\u30B9\u30C8\u30ED\u30DE\u5185\u3067\u5316\u5B66\u5909\u5316\u304C\u5B8C\u4E86\u3059\u308B \u3002 \u5149\u5408\u6210\u306F\u30012\u6BB5\u968E\u3067\u884C\u308F\u308C\u308B\u3002\u7B2C1\u6BB5\u968E\u3067\u306F\u3001\u660E\u53CD\u5FDC\u3067\u5149\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u304C\u6355\u6349\u3055\u308C\u3001\u305D\u308C\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u8CAF\u8535\u5206\u5B50\u3067\u3042\u308BATP\u3068NADPH\u304C\u4F5C\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002\u7B2C2\u6BB5\u968E\u3067\u306F\u3001\u6697\u53CD\u5FDC\u306B\u3088\u308A\u3053\u308C\u3089\u306E\u751F\u6210\u7269\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u4E8C\u9178\u5316\u70AD\u7D20\u306E\u6355\u6349\u3068\u9084\u5143\u304C\u884C\u308F\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u30B9\u30C8\u30ED\u30DE\u3067\u8D77\u3053\u308B\u3053\u308C\u3089\u306E\u4E00\u9023\u306E\u751F\u5316\u5B66\u9178\u5316\u9084\u5143\u53CD\u5FDC\u306F\u3001\u7DCF\u79F0\u3057\u3066\u30AB\u30EB\u30D3\u30F3\u56DE\u8DEF\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002\u70AD\u7D20\u56FA\u5B9A\u3001\u9084\u5143\u53CD\u5FDC\u3001\u30EA\u30D6\u30ED\u30FC\u30B9-1,5-\u30D3\u30B9\u30EA\u30F3\u9178\u518D\u751F\u306E3\u6BB5\u968E\u304B\u3089\u306A\u308B\u3002 \u307E\u305F\u30B9\u30C8\u30ED\u30DE\u306F\u3001\u3084\u8449\u7DD1\u4F53\u30EA\u30DC\u30BD\u30FC\u30E0\u304C\u5B58\u5728\u3059\u308B\u5834\u6240\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u305D\u306E\u305F\u3081\u3001\u8449\u7DD1\u4F53DNA\u8907\u88FD\u3084\u4E00\u90E8\u306E\u8449\u7DD1\u4F53\u30BF\u30F3\u30D1\u30AF\u8CEA\u306E\u8EE2\u5199/\u7FFB\u8A33\u3082\u30B9\u30C8\u30ED\u30DE\u3067\u884C\u308F\u308C\u308B\u3002"@ja . "Stroma \u2013 p\u0142ynne wn\u0119trze plastyd\u00F3w otoczone dwiema b\u0142onami. W stromie chloroplast\u00F3w zachodzi cykl Calvina. W stromie zawieszone s\u0105: kolista cz\u0105steczka DNA, plastoglobule, ziarna skrobi, krystaliczne lub bezpostaciowe wtr\u0119ty fitoferrytyny, rybosomy, kt\u00F3re bior\u0105 udzia\u0142 w produkcji bia\u0142ek. S\u0105 one jednak mniejsze od rybosom\u00F3w znajduj\u0105cych si\u0119 w cytoplazmie. Chloroplastowe rybosomy maja sta\u0142\u0105 sedymentacji 70S, podobnie jak rybosomy mitochondrialne, a ich pochodzenie t\u0142umaczy teoria endosymbiozy."@pl . "32721658"^^ . . "\u30B9\u30C8\u30ED\u30DE(Stroma)\u3068\u306F\u3001\u690D\u7269\u7D30\u80DE\u5185\u306E\u8449\u7DD1\u4F53\u5185\u3067\u30B0\u30E9\u30CA\u3092\u53D6\u308A\u56F2\u3080\u7121\u8272\u306E\u6DB2\u4F53\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u30C1\u30E9\u30B3\u30A4\u30C9\u304C\u91CD\u306A\u3063\u305F\u30B0\u30E9\u30CA\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u5149\u5408\u6210\u304C\u958B\u59CB\u3057\u3001\u30B9\u30C8\u30ED\u30DE\u5185\u3067\u5316\u5B66\u5909\u5316\u304C\u5B8C\u4E86\u3059\u308B \u3002 \u5149\u5408\u6210\u306F\u30012\u6BB5\u968E\u3067\u884C\u308F\u308C\u308B\u3002\u7B2C1\u6BB5\u968E\u3067\u306F\u3001\u660E\u53CD\u5FDC\u3067\u5149\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u304C\u6355\u6349\u3055\u308C\u3001\u305D\u308C\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u8CAF\u8535\u5206\u5B50\u3067\u3042\u308BATP\u3068NADPH\u304C\u4F5C\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002\u7B2C2\u6BB5\u968E\u3067\u306F\u3001\u6697\u53CD\u5FDC\u306B\u3088\u308A\u3053\u308C\u3089\u306E\u751F\u6210\u7269\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u4E8C\u9178\u5316\u70AD\u7D20\u306E\u6355\u6349\u3068\u9084\u5143\u304C\u884C\u308F\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u30B9\u30C8\u30ED\u30DE\u3067\u8D77\u3053\u308B\u3053\u308C\u3089\u306E\u4E00\u9023\u306E\u751F\u5316\u5B66\u9178\u5316\u9084\u5143\u53CD\u5FDC\u306F\u3001\u7DCF\u79F0\u3057\u3066\u30AB\u30EB\u30D3\u30F3\u56DE\u8DEF\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002\u70AD\u7D20\u56FA\u5B9A\u3001\u9084\u5143\u53CD\u5FDC\u3001\u30EA\u30D6\u30ED\u30FC\u30B9-1,5-\u30D3\u30B9\u30EA\u30F3\u9178\u518D\u751F\u306E3\u6BB5\u968E\u304B\u3089\u306A\u308B\u3002 \u307E\u305F\u30B9\u30C8\u30ED\u30DE\u306F\u3001\u3084\u8449\u7DD1\u4F53\u30EA\u30DC\u30BD\u30FC\u30E0\u304C\u5B58\u5728\u3059\u308B\u5834\u6240\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u305D\u306E\u305F\u3081\u3001\u8449\u7DD1\u4F53DNA\u8907\u88FD\u3084\u4E00\u90E8\u306E\u8449\u7DD1\u4F53\u30BF\u30F3\u30D1\u30AF\u8CEA\u306E\u8EE2\u5199/\u7FFB\u8A33\u3082\u30B9\u30C8\u30ED\u30DE\u3067\u884C\u308F\u308C\u308B\u3002"@ja . "Stroma, in botany, refers to the colorless fluid surrounding the grana within the chloroplast. Within the stroma are grana (stacks of thylakoid), and the sub-organelles or daughter cells, where photosynthesis is commenced before the chemical changes are completed in the stroma. Photosynthesis occurs in two stages. In the first stage, light-dependent reactions capture the energy of light and use it to make the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH. During the second stage, the light-independent reactions use these products to fix carbon by capturing and reducing carbon dioxide. The series of biochemical redox reactions which take place in the stroma are collectively called the Calvin cycle or light-independent reactions. There are three phases: carbon fixation, reduction reactions, and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration. The stroma is also the location of chloroplast DNA and chloroplast ribosomes, and thus also the location of molecular processes including chloroplast DNA replication, and transcription/translation of some chloroplast proteins."@en . . . . "Stroma (biologia)"@pl . "\u30B9\u30C8\u30ED\u30DE"@ja . "Estroma (bot\u00E1nica)"@es . .