. "19595676"^^ . . . . . . . "Teoria superstrun \u2013 wersja teorii strun, kt\u00F3ra \u0142\u0105czy j\u0105 z supersymetri\u0105. Wersja teorii superstrun, M-teoria, jest jedn\u0105 z proponowanych teorii wszystkiego. M-teoria przewiduje, \u017Ce teoria superstrun opisuje tylko cz\u0119\u015B\u0107 rzeczywisto\u015Bci. Teoria superstrun mie\u015Bci w sobie wszystkie symetrie modelu standardowego i GUT. Jest to tak\u017Ce najbardziej obiecuj\u0105ca kwantowa teoria grawitacji, poniewa\u017C jako pierwsza w historii fizyki poddaje si\u0119 kwantowej renormalizacji. Michio Kaku pr\u00F3bowa\u0142 wyja\u015Bni\u0107 struktur\u0119 Wszech\u015Bwiata z perspektywy teorii superstrun w nast\u0119puj\u0105cy spos\u00F3b: Struna heterotyczna jest zamkni\u0119t\u0105 strun\u0105 z dwoma typami drga\u0144, zgodnie i przeciwnie do kierunku ruchu wskaz\u00F3wek zegara, kt\u00F3re s\u0105 traktowane oddzielnie. Drgania zgodne z kierunkiem ruchu wskaz\u00F3wek zegara odbywaj\u0105 si\u0119 w dziesi\u0119ciowymiarowej przestrzeni, natomiast drgania w przeciwnym kierunku wype\u0142niaj\u0105 dwudziestosze\u015Bciowymiarow\u0105 przestrze\u0144, w kt\u00F3rej szesna\u015Bcie wymiar\u00F3w uleg\u0142o kompaktyfikacji (w oryginalnej, pi\u0119ciowymiarowej przestrzeni Kaluzy pi\u0105ty wymiar by\u0142 skompaktyfikowany przez zwini\u0119cie do okr\u0119gu)."@pl . . . . . . . . . . "\u8D85\u5F26\u7406\u8AD6\uFF08\u3061\u3087\u3046\u3052\u3093\u308A\u308D\u3093\u3001\u82F1: superstring theory\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u7269\u8CEA\u306E\u57FA\u672C\u7684\u306A\u69CB\u6210\u8981\u7D20\u3092\u7406\u89E3\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306E\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5B66\u306E\u7406\u8AD6\u3001\u4EEE\u8AAC\u306E1\u3064\u3002\u7269\u8CEA\u306E\u57FA\u672C\u7684\u5358\u4F4D\u3092\u3001\u5927\u304D\u3055\u304C\u7121\u9650\u306B\u5C0F\u3055\u306A0\u6B21\u5143\u306E\u70B9\u7C92\u5B50\u3067\u306F\u306A\u304F\u30011\u6B21\u5143\u306E\u62E1\u304C\u308A\u3092\u3082\u3064\u5F26\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308B\u5F26\u7406\u8AD6\u306B\u3001\u8D85\u5BFE\u79F0\u6027\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8003\u3048\u3092\u52A0\u3048\u3001\u62E1\u5F35\u3057\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3002\u8D85\u3072\u3082\u7406\u8AD6\u3001\u30B9\u30FC\u30D1\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30EA\u30F3\u30B0\u7406\u8AD6\u3068\u3082\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u5B87\u5B99\u306E\u59FF\u3084\u305D\u306E\u8A95\u751F\u306E\u30E1\u30AB\u30CB\u30BA\u30E0\u3092\u89E3\u304D\u660E\u304B\u3057\u3001\u540C\u6642\u306B\u539F\u5B50\u3001\u7D20\u7C92\u5B50\u3001\u30AF\u30A9\u30FC\u30AF\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305F\u5FAE\u5C0F\u306A\u7269\u306E\u3055\u3089\u306B\u305D\u306E\u5148\u306E\u4E16\u754C\u3092\u8AAC\u660E\u3067\u304D\u308B\u4EEE\u8AAC\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306E\u7406\u8AD6\u306E\u4E2D\u3067\u306F\u307B\u307C\u77DB\u76FE\u306A\u304F\u9AD8\u5EA6\u306B\u5B8C\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u3057\u304B\u3057\u3001\u672C\u7406\u8AD6\u3092\u88CF\u4ED8\u3051\u308B\u3088\u3046\u306A\u5B9F\u9A13\u7D50\u679C\u306F\u5341\u5206\u5F97\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u306A\u3044\u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001\u3053\u306E\u7406\u8AD6\u3092\u5B9F\u8A3C\u3059\u308B\u5B9F\u9A13\u306E\u305F\u3081\u306B\u5FC5\u8981\u306A\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u306F\u3001\u4EBA\u985E\u304C\u6271\u3048\u308B\u7BC4\u56F2\u3092\u9038\u8131\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3068\u60F3\u5B9A\u3055\u308C\u308B\u305F\u3081\u3001\u3053\u306E\u7406\u8AD6\u306E\u691C\u8A3C\u53EF\u80FD\u6027\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306F\u8B70\u8AD6\u306E\u4F59\u5730\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . "La teoria delle superstringhe \u00E8 la formulazione della teoria delle stringhe che, sulla base di una supersimmetria, \u00E8 in grado di descrivere i bosoni e i fermioni ed \u00E8 perci\u00F2 una generalizzazione della teoria di stringa bosonica. Sono state sviluppate cinque diverse teorie di superstringa, che sono tutte incorporate nella teoria M, un'ipotetica teoria del tutto. Con \"teoria delle stringhe\" ci si riferisce attualmente nel linguaggio corrente a tale versione supersimmetrica."@it . . . . . "Teorie superstrun"@cs . . . . . . . "\u0422\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043D"@ru . . . "\u0422\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043D \u2014 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F, \u0449\u043E \u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0454 \u0432\u0441\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0456 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0456 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043A\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043D\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0454\u043C\u043E\u0434\u0456\u0457 \u0432 \u0454\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457, \u0437\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044E\u0447\u0438 \u0457\u0445 \u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043B\u044F\u0434\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u044F\u0436\u043D\u0438\u0445, \u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043A\u0440\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043E\u0431'\u0454\u043A\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u2014 \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043D. \u0422\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043D \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u0441\u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043D, \u0442\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0449\u043E \u043D\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434 , \u0446\u044F \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u044F \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043D \u043E\u0431'\u0454\u0434\u043D\u0443\u0454 \u0444\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0456\u044E. \u0417\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0438 \u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043E \u00AB\u0441\u0443\u043F\u0435\u0440\u00BB, \u043C\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0437\u0456 \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0456\u044F."@uk . . . . . "\u8D85\u5F26\u7406\u8AD6"@zh . "November 2019"@en . . . . . . . "Is this meant to hint at independendent work by non-western scientists?"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "\u8D85\u5F26\u7406\u8AD6\uFF08\u3061\u3087\u3046\u3052\u3093\u308A\u308D\u3093\u3001\u82F1: superstring theory\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u7269\u8CEA\u306E\u57FA\u672C\u7684\u306A\u69CB\u6210\u8981\u7D20\u3092\u7406\u89E3\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306E\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5B66\u306E\u7406\u8AD6\u3001\u4EEE\u8AAC\u306E1\u3064\u3002\u7269\u8CEA\u306E\u57FA\u672C\u7684\u5358\u4F4D\u3092\u3001\u5927\u304D\u3055\u304C\u7121\u9650\u306B\u5C0F\u3055\u306A0\u6B21\u5143\u306E\u70B9\u7C92\u5B50\u3067\u306F\u306A\u304F\u30011\u6B21\u5143\u306E\u62E1\u304C\u308A\u3092\u3082\u3064\u5F26\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308B\u5F26\u7406\u8AD6\u306B\u3001\u8D85\u5BFE\u79F0\u6027\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8003\u3048\u3092\u52A0\u3048\u3001\u62E1\u5F35\u3057\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3002\u8D85\u3072\u3082\u7406\u8AD6\u3001\u30B9\u30FC\u30D1\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30EA\u30F3\u30B0\u7406\u8AD6\u3068\u3082\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u5B87\u5B99\u306E\u59FF\u3084\u305D\u306E\u8A95\u751F\u306E\u30E1\u30AB\u30CB\u30BA\u30E0\u3092\u89E3\u304D\u660E\u304B\u3057\u3001\u540C\u6642\u306B\u539F\u5B50\u3001\u7D20\u7C92\u5B50\u3001\u30AF\u30A9\u30FC\u30AF\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305F\u5FAE\u5C0F\u306A\u7269\u306E\u3055\u3089\u306B\u305D\u306E\u5148\u306E\u4E16\u754C\u3092\u8AAC\u660E\u3067\u304D\u308B\u4EEE\u8AAC\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306E\u7406\u8AD6\u306E\u4E2D\u3067\u306F\u307B\u307C\u77DB\u76FE\u306A\u304F\u9AD8\u5EA6\u306B\u5B8C\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u3057\u304B\u3057\u3001\u672C\u7406\u8AD6\u3092\u88CF\u4ED8\u3051\u308B\u3088\u3046\u306A\u5B9F\u9A13\u7D50\u679C\u306F\u5341\u5206\u5F97\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u306A\u3044\u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001\u3053\u306E\u7406\u8AD6\u3092\u5B9F\u8A3C\u3059\u308B\u5B9F\u9A13\u306E\u305F\u3081\u306B\u5FC5\u8981\u306A\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u306F\u3001\u4EBA\u985E\u304C\u6271\u3048\u308B\u7BC4\u56F2\u3092\u9038\u8131\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3068\u60F3\u5B9A\u3055\u308C\u308B\u305F\u3081\u3001\u3053\u306E\u7406\u8AD6\u306E\u691C\u8A3C\u53EF\u80FD\u6027\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306F\u8B70\u8AD6\u306E\u4F59\u5730\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La th\u00E9orie des supercordes est une tentative pour expliquer l'existence de toutes les particules et forces fondamentales de la nature, en les mod\u00E9lisant comme les vibrations de minuscules cordes supersym\u00E9triques. Au d\u00E9but du XXIe si\u00E8cle, elle est consid\u00E9r\u00E9e comme la plus f\u00E9conde[r\u00E9f. n\u00E9cessaire] des th\u00E9ories pour une gravit\u00E9 quantique, m\u00EAme si elle souffre des m\u00EAmes d\u00E9fauts que la th\u00E9orie des cordes en raison de l'impossibilit\u00E9 de la v\u00E9rifier par l'exp\u00E9rimentation."@fr . . "\u8D85\u5F26\u7406\u8BBA\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ASuperstring Theory\uFF09\uFF0C\u5C5E\u4E8E\u5F26\u7406\u8BBA\u7684\u4E00\u79CD\uFF0C\u6709\u4E94\u500B\u4E0D\u540C\u7684\u8D85\u5F26\u7406\u8AD6\uFF0C\u4E5F\u6307\u72ED\u4E49\u7684\u5F26\u7406\u8BBA\u3002\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u5F15\u9032\u4E86\u8D85\u5C0D\u7A31\u7684\u5F26\u8AD6\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u6307\u7269\u8CEA\u7684\u57FA\u77F3\u70BA\u81F3\u5C11\u4E5D\u7DAD\u6642\u7A7A\u4E2D\u7684\u5F26\u3002"@zh . . . "\u8D85\u5F26\u7406\u8BBA\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ASuperstring Theory\uFF09\uFF0C\u5C5E\u4E8E\u5F26\u7406\u8BBA\u7684\u4E00\u79CD\uFF0C\u6709\u4E94\u500B\u4E0D\u540C\u7684\u8D85\u5F26\u7406\u8AD6\uFF0C\u4E5F\u6307\u72ED\u4E49\u7684\u5F26\u7406\u8BBA\u3002\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u5F15\u9032\u4E86\u8D85\u5C0D\u7A31\u7684\u5F26\u8AD6\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u6307\u7269\u8CEA\u7684\u57FA\u77F3\u70BA\u81F3\u5C11\u4E5D\u7DAD\u6642\u7A7A\u4E2D\u7684\u5F26\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . "\u0422\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043D \u2014 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F, \u0449\u043E \u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0454 \u0432\u0441\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0456 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0456 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043A\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043D\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0454\u043C\u043E\u0434\u0456\u0457 \u0432 \u0454\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457, \u0437\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044E\u0447\u0438 \u0457\u0445 \u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043B\u044F\u0434\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u044F\u0436\u043D\u0438\u0445, \u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043A\u0440\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043E\u0431'\u0454\u043A\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u2014 \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043D. \u0422\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043D \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u0441\u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043D, \u0442\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0449\u043E \u043D\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434 , \u0446\u044F \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u044F \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043D \u043E\u0431'\u0454\u0434\u043D\u0443\u0454 \u0444\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0456\u044E. \u0417\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0438 \u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043E \u00AB\u0441\u0443\u043F\u0435\u0440\u00BB, \u043C\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0437\u0456 \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0456\u044F."@uk . . "\uCD08\uB048 \uC774\uB860"@ko . "Teor\u00EDa de supercuerdas"@es . . . . . . . . "Superstr\u00E4ngteori \u00E4r ett samlingsnamn f\u00F6r de teorier inom str\u00E4ngteorin som kr\u00E4ver supersymmetri (d\u00E4rav prefixet \u201Dsuper\u201D), till skillnad fr\u00E5n den bosoniska str\u00E4ngteorin. De realistiska str\u00E4ngteorimodellerna, som b\u00E5de beskriver bosoner och fermioner och som dessutom inte inneh\u00E5ller tachyoner kr\u00E4ver supersymmetri i st\u00F6rre eller mindre utstr\u00E4ckning. Det finns dock inte en enda superstr\u00E4ngteori, utan fem stycken med olika egenskaper. Edward Witten f\u00F6renade dessa p\u00E5 1990-talet i den s.k. M-teorin."@sv . . "A teoria das supercordas, ou teoria das cordas supersim\u00E9tricas, \u00E9 uma vers\u00E3o da teoria das cordas, que incorpora f\u00E9rmions e supersimetria. Essa teoria requer um mundo de 10 dimens\u00F5es, com algumas enroladas em um n\u00EDvel microsc\u00F3pico e algumas dimens\u00F5es \"grandes\" que percebemos como \"real\". Caso contr\u00E1rio, h\u00E1 efeitos qu\u00E2nticos que tornam a teoria inconsistente ou 'an\u00F4mala'. Em 10 dimens\u00F5es do espa\u00E7o-tempo, os efeitos podem precisamente se cancelar deixando a teoria livre de anomalias. Entretanto, ela cria um mundo onde a distin\u00E7\u00E3o entre o espa\u00E7o e o tempo \u00E9 falacioso (como descrito pela relatividade geral). Um mundo onde, de fato, a pr\u00F3pria no\u00E7\u00E3o de espa\u00E7o-tempo desaparece. No caso da teoria das cordas, a consist\u00EAncia requer que o espa\u00E7o-tempo tenha 10 dimens\u00F5es (espa\u00E7o regular 3D + 1 tempo + hiperespa\u00E7o 6D). No espa\u00E7o-tempo de 10 dimens\u00F5es da teoria das supercordas, ainda \u00E9 observado apenas um espa\u00E7o-tempo tetra-dimensional. Para, de alguma forma, as supercordas descrever o nosso universo, as 6 dimens\u00F5es extras se enrolam em um pequeno espa\u00E7o compacto. Se o tamanho do espa\u00E7o compacto \u00E9 da ordem da escala das cordas (10-33 cm), n\u00E3o seriamos capazes de detectar a presen\u00E7a destas dimens\u00F5es extras diretamente - elas s\u00E3o muito pequenas. O resultado final \u00E9 que voltamos ao nosso familiar (3D + 1T) mundo dimensional, mas h\u00E1 uma \"bola\" muito pequena de 6 espa\u00E7os dimensional associada a cada ponto do nosso universo tetra-dimensional."@pt . . . . "Teoria superstrun \u2013 wersja teorii strun, kt\u00F3ra \u0142\u0105czy j\u0105 z supersymetri\u0105. Wersja teorii superstrun, M-teoria, jest jedn\u0105 z proponowanych teorii wszystkiego. M-teoria przewiduje, \u017Ce teoria superstrun opisuje tylko cz\u0119\u015B\u0107 rzeczywisto\u015Bci. Teoria superstrun mie\u015Bci w sobie wszystkie symetrie modelu standardowego i GUT. Jest to tak\u017Ce najbardziej obiecuj\u0105ca kwantowa teoria grawitacji, poniewa\u017C jako pierwsza w historii fizyki poddaje si\u0119 kwantowej renormalizacji. Michio Kaku pr\u00F3bowa\u0142 wyja\u015Bni\u0107 struktur\u0119 Wszech\u015Bwiata z perspektywy teorii superstrun w nast\u0119puj\u0105cy spos\u00F3b:"@pl . . . . "A teoria das supercordas, ou teoria das cordas supersim\u00E9tricas, \u00E9 uma vers\u00E3o da teoria das cordas, que incorpora f\u00E9rmions e supersimetria. Essa teoria requer um mundo de 10 dimens\u00F5es, com algumas enroladas em um n\u00EDvel microsc\u00F3pico e algumas dimens\u00F5es \"grandes\" que percebemos como \"real\". Caso contr\u00E1rio, h\u00E1 efeitos qu\u00E2nticos que tornam a teoria inconsistente ou 'an\u00F4mala'. Em 10 dimens\u00F5es do espa\u00E7o-tempo, os efeitos podem precisamente se cancelar deixando a teoria livre de anomalias. Entretanto, ela cria um mundo onde a distin\u00E7\u00E3o entre o espa\u00E7o e o tempo \u00E9 falacioso (como descrito pela relatividade geral). Um mundo onde, de fato, a pr\u00F3pria no\u00E7\u00E3o de espa\u00E7o-tempo desaparece."@pt . . . "Teorie superstrun, resp. teorie strun, je jedna z nejzn\u00E1m\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDch ne\u00FApln\u00FDch tzv. teori\u00ED v\u0161eho. Velmi popul\u00E1rn\u011B \u0159e\u010Deno, tato teorie p\u0159edpokl\u00E1d\u00E1, \u017Ee z\u00E1kladn\u00EDmi stavebn\u00EDmi kameny p\u0159\u00EDrody nejsou \u010D\u00E1stice s nulov\u00FDmi rozm\u011Bry, n\u00FDbr\u017E jednorozm\u011Brn\u00E9 struny, kter\u00E9 vibruj\u00ED r\u016Fzn\u00FDmi zp\u016Fsoby, odpov\u00EDdaj\u00EDc\u00EDmi r\u016Fzn\u00FDm druh\u016Fm \u010D\u00E1stic. Ve\u0161ker\u00E9 interakce se redukuj\u00ED na spojov\u00E1n\u00ED a rozpojov\u00E1n\u00ED strun. Zast\u00E1nci t\u00E9to dosud kontroverzn\u00ED teorie se domn\u00EDvaj\u00ED, \u017Ee tato teorie elegantn\u011B a harmonicky sjednocuje teorie velk\u00E9ho a mal\u00E9ho, tedy obecnou teorii relativity a kvantovou mechaniku kter\u00E9 jsou jinak do jist\u00E9 m\u00EDry neslu\u010Diteln\u00E9. Podle teorie superstrun m\u00E1 vesm\u00EDr \u2013 nam\u00EDsto n\u00E1m dob\u0159e zn\u00E1m\u00FDch \u010Dty\u0159 rozm\u011Br\u016F \u2013 jeden\u00E1ct rozm\u011Br\u016F (jeden \u010Dasov\u00FD a deset prostorov\u00FDch). Dodate\u010Dn\u00E9 rozm\u011Bry jsou ov\u0161em svinuty do variety mal\u00E9 velikosti, v d\u016Fsledku \u010Deho\u017E unikaj\u00ED p\u0159\u00EDm\u00E9mu pozorov\u00E1n\u00ED. V sou\u010Dasn\u00E9 dob\u011B existuje p\u011Bt konzistentn\u00EDch, ale vz\u00E1jemn\u011B se li\u0161\u00EDc\u00EDch teori\u00ED superstrun. Tyto teorie jsou v\u0161ak pevn\u011B sv\u00E1z\u00E1ny dualitami, objeven\u00FDmi v tzv. druh\u00E9 superstrunov\u00E9 revoluci v roce 1995. Pomoc\u00ED t\u011Bchto dualit sjednocuje tyto teorie tzv. M-teorie. M-teorie je formulov\u00E1na pro \u010Dasoprostor o jeden\u00E1cti dimenz\u00EDch a zahrnuje i jeden\u00E1ctidimenzion\u00E1ln\u00ED supergravitaci. Mnoho vlastnost\u00ED M-teorie ale je\u0161t\u011B \u010Dek\u00E1 na vysv\u011Btlen\u00ED."@cs . "La th\u00E9orie des supercordes est une tentative pour expliquer l'existence de toutes les particules et forces fondamentales de la nature, en les mod\u00E9lisant comme les vibrations de minuscules cordes supersym\u00E9triques. Au d\u00E9but du XXIe si\u00E8cle, elle est consid\u00E9r\u00E9e comme la plus f\u00E9conde[r\u00E9f. n\u00E9cessaire] des th\u00E9ories pour une gravit\u00E9 quantique, m\u00EAme si elle souffre des m\u00EAmes d\u00E9fauts que la th\u00E9orie des cordes en raison de l'impossibilit\u00E9 de la v\u00E9rifier par l'exp\u00E9rimentation. Actuellement, le probl\u00E8me le plus fondamental en physique th\u00E9orique est la grande unification, ou, autrement dit, l'harmonisation de la th\u00E9orie de la relativit\u00E9 g\u00E9n\u00E9rale, qui d\u00E9crit la gravit\u00E9, et s'applique bien aux grandes structures (\u00E9toiles, plan\u00E8tes, galaxies), et de la m\u00E9canique quantique qui d\u00E9crit les trois autres forces fondamentales connues : \u00E9lectromagn\u00E9tique (EM), l'interaction faible (W) et forte (S). La th\u00E9orie des cordes ne pourra peut-\u00EAtre jamais \u00EAtre prouv\u00E9e. La physique des particules \u00E9l\u00E9mentaires mod\u00E9lise celles-ci comme des points dans l'espace et les fait interagir \u00E0 distance nulle, ce qui am\u00E8ne \u00E0 des r\u00E9sultats de valeurs infinies. Les physiciens ont d\u00E9velopp\u00E9 des techniques math\u00E9matiques, dites de renormalisation, pour \u00E9liminer ces infinis, qui fonctionnent pour les forces \u00E9lectromagn\u00E9tiques, nucl\u00E9aire forte et nucl\u00E9aire faible, mais pas pour la gravit\u00E9 : \u00E0 distance nulle la th\u00E9orie de la gravit\u00E9 d'Einstein ne fonctionne pas. L'id\u00E9e de d\u00E9part est que les constituants fondamentaux de la r\u00E9alit\u00E9 seraient des cordes d'une longueur de l'ordre de la longueur de Planck (approx. 10\u221233 cm), qui vibreraient \u00E0 des fr\u00E9quences de r\u00E9sonance. Par exemple, cette th\u00E9orie pr\u00E9dit que le graviton (la particule candidate pour la gravit\u00E9 quantique, qui transmettrait la force de gravitation) serait une corde ayant une amplitude d'onde de z\u00E9ro. Comme en physique quantique, elle aurait un spin de deux et une masse nulle. Une autre conclusion importante est qu'il n'y a pas de diff\u00E9rence mesurable entre des cordes qui s'enroulent autour d'une dimension et celles qui se d\u00E9placent dans les dimensions (i.e., les effets dans une dimension de taille R sont les m\u00EAmes que dans une dimension de taille 1/R)."@fr . "La teoria delle superstringhe \u00E8 la formulazione della teoria delle stringhe che, sulla base di una supersimmetria, \u00E8 in grado di descrivere i bosoni e i fermioni ed \u00E8 perci\u00F2 una generalizzazione della teoria di stringa bosonica. Sono state sviluppate cinque diverse teorie di superstringa, che sono tutte incorporate nella teoria M, un'ipotetica teoria del tutto. Con \"teoria delle stringhe\" ci si riferisce attualmente nel linguaggio corrente a tale versione supersimmetrica."@it . "\u0422\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043D"@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"1123881381"^^ . . . . . "Teoria das supercordas"@pt . . . . . . . "\u0422\u0435\u043E\u0301\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0301\u043D \u2014 \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043D \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043A\u0435."@ru . . "\uC774\uB860\uBB3C\uB9AC\uD559\uC5D0\uC11C \uCD08\uB048\uC774\uB860(\u8D85-\u7406\u8AD6)(\uC601\uC5B4: superstring theory)\uC740 \uC790\uC5F0\uACC4\uC758 \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uC785\uC790\uC640 \uAE30\uBCF8 \uC0C1\uD638\uC791\uC6A9\uC744 \uBBF8\uC138\uD55C \uD06C\uAE30\uC758 \uCD08\uB300\uCE6D\uC801 \uB048\uC758 \uC9C4\uB3D9\uC73C\uB85C \uC124\uBA85\uD558\uB824\uB294 \uC2DC\uB3C4\uC774\uB2E4. \uB048 \uC774\uB860\uC758 \uC77C\uC885\uC774\uB2E4. \uCD08\uB048 \uC774\uB860\uC740 \uAE30\uBCF8\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC0C1\uB300\uC131\uC774\uB860\uACFC \uC591\uC790\uB860\uC758 \uCDA9\uB3CC\uC744 \uC124\uBA85\uD558\uAE30 \uC704\uD574 \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5B4\uC9C4 \uC774\uB860\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774 \uCDA9\uB3CC\uC740 \uBC14\uB85C \uD50C\uB791\uD06C \uAE38\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uC544\uC8FC \uC791\uC740 \uC601\uC5ED \uC548\uC5D0\uC11C \uC77C\uC5B4\uB098\uB294 \uC77C\uB85C\uC11C \uC591\uC790\uC801 \uC694\uB3D9\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uD604\uC0C1\uC5D0\uC11C \uBC1C\uC0DD\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC591\uC790\uB860\uC740 \uC774 \uC591\uC790\uC801 \uC694\uB3D9\uC744 \uC608\uACAC\uD588\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC911\uB825\uC7A5\uC774 \uC774 \uC591\uC790 \uC694\uB3D9\uC758 \uC601\uD5A5\uC744 \uBC1B\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0 \uC0C1\uB300\uC131\uC774\uB860\uC758 \uCCB4\uACC4\uC5D0 \uB9DE\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB294\uB2E4. \uC774 \uC810\uC744 \uBB34\uC2DC\uD558\uACE0 \uB450 \uC774\uB860\uC758 \uC2DD\uC744 \uD1B5\uD569\uD558\uBA74 \uD655\uB960\uC774 \uBB34\uD55C%\uB77C\uB294 \uACB0\uACFC\uAC00 \uB098\uC654\uAE30\uC5D0 \uB450 \uC774\uB860\uC744 \uC54C\uB9DE\uAC8C \uD1B5\uD569\uD558\uAE30 \uC704\uD574 \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5B4\uC9C4 \uC774\uB860\uC774 \uBC14\uB85C \uC774 \uCD08\uB048\uC774\uB860\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . "Teorie superstrun, resp. teorie strun, je jedna z nejzn\u00E1m\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDch ne\u00FApln\u00FDch tzv. teori\u00ED v\u0161eho. Velmi popul\u00E1rn\u011B \u0159e\u010Deno, tato teorie p\u0159edpokl\u00E1d\u00E1, \u017Ee z\u00E1kladn\u00EDmi stavebn\u00EDmi kameny p\u0159\u00EDrody nejsou \u010D\u00E1stice s nulov\u00FDmi rozm\u011Bry, n\u00FDbr\u017E jednorozm\u011Brn\u00E9 struny, kter\u00E9 vibruj\u00ED r\u016Fzn\u00FDmi zp\u016Fsoby, odpov\u00EDdaj\u00EDc\u00EDmi r\u016Fzn\u00FDm druh\u016Fm \u010D\u00E1stic. Ve\u0161ker\u00E9 interakce se redukuj\u00ED na spojov\u00E1n\u00ED a rozpojov\u00E1n\u00ED strun. Zast\u00E1nci t\u00E9to dosud kontroverzn\u00ED teorie se domn\u00EDvaj\u00ED, \u017Ee tato teorie elegantn\u011B a harmonicky sjednocuje teorie velk\u00E9ho a mal\u00E9ho, tedy obecnou teorii relativity a kvantovou mechaniku kter\u00E9 jsou jinak do jist\u00E9 m\u00EDry neslu\u010Diteln\u00E9. Podle teorie superstrun m\u00E1 vesm\u00EDr \u2013 nam\u00EDsto n\u00E1m dob\u0159e zn\u00E1m\u00FDch \u010Dty\u0159 rozm\u011Br\u016F \u2013 jeden\u00E1ct rozm\u011Br\u016F (jeden \u010Dasov\u00FD a deset prostorov\u00FDch). Dodate\u010Dn\u00E9 rozm\u011Bry jsou ov\u0161em svinuty do variety mal\u00E9 velikosti, v "@cs . . "La teor\u00EDa de supercuerdas es un esquema te\u00F3rico para explicar todas las part\u00EDculas y fuerzas fundamentales de la naturaleza en una sola teor\u00EDa, que modela las part\u00EDculas y campos f\u00EDsicos como vibraciones de delgadas cuerdas supersim\u00E9tricas, las cuales se mueven en un espacio-tiempo de m\u00E1s de cuatro dimensiones, m\u00E1s exactamente 10 dimensiones y una temporal. Una de las motivaciones esgrimidas por los te\u00F3ricos de las supercuerdas es que el esquema es una de las mejores teor\u00EDas candidatas para formular una teor\u00EDa cu\u00E1ntica de la gravedad. La teor\u00EDa de las supercuerdas es una taquigraf\u00EDa de la teor\u00EDa supersim\u00E9trica de cuerdas porque, a diferencia de la teor\u00EDa de cuerdas bos\u00F3nica, \u00E9sta es la versi\u00F3n de la teor\u00EDa de cuerdas que, mediante la supersimetr\u00EDa, incorpora a los fermiones. La teor\u00EDa de las supercuerdas comprende cinco teor\u00EDas o formulaciones alternativas de teor\u00EDas de cuerdas combinadas, en la que se han introducido requerimientos de supersimetr\u00EDa. El nombre de teor\u00EDa de cuerdas se usa actualmente como sin\u00F3nimo, ya que todas las teor\u00EDas de cuerdas ampliamente estudiadas son, de hecho, teor\u00EDas de supercuerdas. La idea fundamental es que las part\u00EDculas en realidad son cuerdas que vibran en resonancia a una frecuencia de la longitud de Planck y en donde el gravit\u00F3n ser\u00EDa una cuerda de esp\u00EDn 2 y masa nula. Recientemente se ha podido probar que varias de estas formulaciones son equivalentes y tras todas ellas podr\u00EDa existir una teor\u00EDa unificada o teor\u00EDa del todo. Las cinco teor\u00EDas existentes no ser\u00EDan m\u00E1s que casos l\u00EDmite particulares de esta teor\u00EDa unificada, denominada provisionalmente como Teor\u00EDa M. Esta teor\u00EDa M intenta explicar a la vez todas las part\u00EDculas subat\u00F3micas existentes y unificar las cuatro fuerzas fundamentales de la naturaleza. Define el universo formado por multitud de cuerdas vibrantes, ya que es una versi\u00F3n de la teor\u00EDa de cuerdas que incorpora fermiones y la supersimetr\u00EDa. El principal problema de la f\u00EDsica actual es poder incorporar la fuerza de la gravedad tal y como la explica la teor\u00EDa de la relatividad general al resto de las fuerzas f\u00EDsicas ya unificadas. La teor\u00EDa de las supercuerdas ser\u00EDa un m\u00E9todo de unificaci\u00F3n de dichas teor\u00EDas. La teor\u00EDa est\u00E1 lejos de estar acabada y perfilada, ya que hay much\u00EDsimas variables sin definir, por lo que existen varias versiones de la misma."@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Superstring theory is an attempt to explain all of the particles and fundamental forces of nature in one theory by modeling them as vibrations of tiny supersymmetric strings. 'Superstring theory' is a shorthand for supersymmetric string theory because unlike bosonic string theory, it is the version of string theory that accounts for both fermions and bosons and incorporates supersymmetry to model gravity. Since the second superstring revolution, the five superstring theories are regarded as different limits of a single theory tentatively called M-theory."@en . . "Teoria superstrun"@pl . "\u8D85\u5F26\u7406\u8AD6"@ja . . . "Superstr\u00E4ngteori"@sv . . . . 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"25416"^^ . . . . . "Teoria delle superstringhe"@it . . "\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062A\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629"@ar . "Superstring theory is an attempt to explain all of the particles and fundamental forces of nature in one theory by modeling them as vibrations of tiny supersymmetric strings. 'Superstring theory' is a shorthand for supersymmetric string theory because unlike bosonic string theory, it is the version of string theory that accounts for both fermions and bosons and incorporates supersymmetry to model gravity. Since the second superstring revolution, the five superstring theories are regarded as different limits of a single theory tentatively called M-theory."@en . . . . "Superstr\u00E4ngteori \u00E4r ett samlingsnamn f\u00F6r de teorier inom str\u00E4ngteorin som kr\u00E4ver supersymmetri (d\u00E4rav prefixet \u201Dsuper\u201D), till skillnad fr\u00E5n den bosoniska str\u00E4ngteorin. De realistiska str\u00E4ngteorimodellerna, som b\u00E5de beskriver bosoner och fermioner och som dessutom inte inneh\u00E5ller tachyoner kr\u00E4ver supersymmetri i st\u00F6rre eller mindre utstr\u00E4ckning. Det finns dock inte en enda superstr\u00E4ngteori, utan fem stycken med olika egenskaper. Edward Witten f\u00F6renade dessa p\u00E5 1990-talet i den s.k. M-teorin."@sv . . "La teor\u00EDa de supercuerdas es un esquema te\u00F3rico para explicar todas las part\u00EDculas y fuerzas fundamentales de la naturaleza en una sola teor\u00EDa, que modela las part\u00EDculas y campos f\u00EDsicos como vibraciones de delgadas cuerdas supersim\u00E9tricas, las cuales se mueven en un espacio-tiempo de m\u00E1s de cuatro dimensiones, m\u00E1s exactamente 10 dimensiones y una temporal. La idea fundamental es que las part\u00EDculas en realidad son cuerdas que vibran en resonancia a una frecuencia de la longitud de Planck y en donde el gravit\u00F3n ser\u00EDa una cuerda de esp\u00EDn 2 y masa nula."@es . . . . . . . "Th\u00E9orie des supercordes"@fr . 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