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"Military swarming is a battlefield tactic designed to maximize target saturation, and thereby overwhelm or saturate the defences of the principal target or objective. On the other-hand, defenders can overcome attempts at swarming, by launching counter-swarming measures that are designed to neutralize or otherwise repel such attacks. Military swarming is often encountered in asymmetric warfare where opposing forces are not of the same size, or capacity. In such situations, swarming involves the use of a decentralized force against an opponent, in a manner that emphasizes mobility, communication, unit autonomy and coordination or synchronization. Historically military forces have used the principles of swarming without really examining them explicitly, but there is now active research in consciously examining military doctrines that draw ideas from swarming. In nature and nonmilitary situations, there are other various forms of swarming. are often complex adaptive systems, but have no central planning, simple individual rules, and nondeterministic behavior that may or may not evolve with the situation. Current military explorations into swarming address the spectrum of military operations, from strategic through tactical. An expert group evaluated swarming's role in the \"revolution in military affairs\" or force transformation. They observed that military swarming is primarily tactical, sometimes operational and rarely strategic, and is a complement to other efforts rather than a replacement for them. Swarming is a logical extension of network-centric warfare. At present, the networking for swarming is only available in specific contexts."@en . "Sciamatura (tattica militare)"@it . "\u0627\u062D\u062A\u0634\u0627\u062F (\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064A)"@ar . "O enxame (em ingl\u00EAs: Swarming) \u00E9 um tipo de estrat\u00E9gia aplic\u00E1vel em todos os tipos de conflitos, como conflitos militares convencionais, guerra cibern\u00E9tica, guerra em rede, etc. Nesse tipo de conflito, o inimigo \u00E9 atacado por meio da converg\u00EAncia de ataques de v\u00E1rias unidades aut\u00F4nomas ou semiaut\u00F4nomas em um alvo (multiagentes), e esses ataques podem assumir diversas formas (multicanais). Aspectos importantes nesta estrat\u00E9gia s\u00E3o a mobilidade, o reagrupamento, a comunica\u00E7\u00E3o, a autonomia da unidade e a coordena\u00E7\u00E3o / sincroniza\u00E7\u00E3o das suas atividades. Este \u00FAltimo pode ser de vital import\u00E2ncia para evitar o fogo amigo e conseguir uma aplica\u00E7\u00E3o esmagadora de for\u00E7a. O enxame viola f\u00EDsica e psicologicamente a v\u00EDtima, confundindo sua percep\u00E7\u00E3o do n\u00FAmero de participantes no ataque. Por um lado, o inimigo parece estar em toda parte, mas, por outro lado, s\u00F3 \u00E9 visto em pequena quantidade, o que leva a v\u00EDtima a subestimar ou superestimar o tamanho do advers\u00E1rio. N\u00E3o \u00E9 necess\u00E1rio usar as tecnologias mais recentes para ter sucesso com uma estrat\u00E9gia de enxamea\u00E7\u00E3o."@pt . "1101813504"^^ . . "31518"^^ . . . "Military swarming is a battlefield tactic designed to maximize target saturation, and thereby overwhelm or saturate the defences of the principal target or objective. On the other-hand, defenders can overcome attempts at swarming, by launching counter-swarming measures that are designed to neutralize or otherwise repel such attacks."@en . . . . "Swarming (military)"@en . "O enxame (em ingl\u00EAs: Swarming) \u00E9 um tipo de estrat\u00E9gia aplic\u00E1vel em todos os tipos de conflitos, como conflitos militares convencionais, guerra cibern\u00E9tica, guerra em rede, etc. Nesse tipo de conflito, o inimigo \u00E9 atacado por meio da converg\u00EAncia de ataques de v\u00E1rias unidades aut\u00F4nomas ou semiaut\u00F4nomas em um alvo (multiagentes), e esses ataques podem assumir diversas formas (multicanais). Aspectos importantes nesta estrat\u00E9gia s\u00E3o a mobilidade, o reagrupamento, a comunica\u00E7\u00E3o, a autonomia da unidade e a coordena\u00E7\u00E3o / sincroniza\u00E7\u00E3o das suas atividades. Este \u00FAltimo pode ser de vital import\u00E2ncia para evitar o fogo amigo e conseguir uma aplica\u00E7\u00E3o esmagadora de for\u00E7a."@pt . . . . . . . . "El Enjambre (en ingl\u00E9s: Swarming), es un tipo de estrategia aplicable en toda clase de conflictos como conflictos militares convencionales, ciberguerra, guerra en red, etc. En este tipo de conflictos se ataca al enemigo a trav\u00E9s de la convergencia de ataques de muchas unidades aut\u00F3nomas o semiaut\u00F3nomas sobre un objetivo (multiagente), y estos ataques pueden tener muchas diferentes formas (multicanal). Aspectos importantes en esta estrategia son la movilidad, el reagrupamiento, la comunicaci\u00F3n, la autonom\u00EDa de la unidad y coordinaci\u00F3n/sincronizaci\u00F3n de sus actividades. Esta \u00FAltima puede ser de vital importancia para evitar el fuego amigo y conseguir una abrumadora aplicaci\u00F3n de la fuerza."@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La sciamatura (anche attacco a sciame o lo sciamare) \u00E8 una tattica militare impiegata sul campo di battaglia pensata per massimizzare la del bersaglio e quindi sopraffare o saturare le dell'obiettivo principale. All'opposto, i difensori possono superare i tentativi nemici di sciamare, lanciando contromisure progettate per neutralizzare o respingere in altro modo tali attacchi."@it . . . . "Swarming"@es . . . . 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"14368598"^^ . "Swarming"@pt . . . "El Enjambre (en ingl\u00E9s: Swarming), es un tipo de estrategia aplicable en toda clase de conflictos como conflictos militares convencionales, ciberguerra, guerra en red, etc. En este tipo de conflictos se ataca al enemigo a trav\u00E9s de la convergencia de ataques de muchas unidades aut\u00F3nomas o semiaut\u00F3nomas sobre un objetivo (multiagente), y estos ataques pueden tener muchas diferentes formas (multicanal). Aspectos importantes en esta estrategia son la movilidad, el reagrupamiento, la comunicaci\u00F3n, la autonom\u00EDa de la unidad y coordinaci\u00F3n/sincronizaci\u00F3n de sus actividades. Esta \u00FAltima puede ser de vital importancia para evitar el fuego amigo y conseguir una abrumadora aplicaci\u00F3n de la fuerza. El swarming vulnera f\u00EDsica y psicol\u00F3gicamente a la v\u00EDctima, confundiendo su percepci\u00F3n sobre el n\u00FAmero de participantes en el ataque. Por un lado, el enemigo parece estar en todas partes, pero por otro, s\u00F3lo se ve en un n\u00FAmero reducido, lo cual incita a la v\u00EDctima a subestimar o sobreestimar el tama\u00F1o del oponente. El swarming depende de la capacidad de comunicaci\u00F3n. Hay que notar que los avances tecnol\u00F3gicos de la era de la informaci\u00F3n proporcionan avanzadas herramientas que mejoran la capacidad de la comunicaci\u00F3n. Si hist\u00F3ricamente la estrategia del swarming ya era una estrategia con bastante \u00E9xito, con las nuevas herramientas de comunicaci\u00F3n esta estrategia puede ser mucho m\u00E1s efectiva. No es necesario utilizar las \u00FAltimas tecnolog\u00EDas existentes para tener \u00E9xito con una estrategia de swarming.\u200BComo ejemplo tenemos el caso de la Batalla de Mogadiscio. En ella los clanes somal\u00EDes, liderados por Mohamed Farrah Aidid, emplean para comunicarse c\u00F3digos de tambor y personas que se dedican a transmitir las informaciones corriendo de un sitio a otro.\u200BOtro ejemplo es el caso de la Primera Guerra Chechena. En ella los chechenos se serv\u00EDan para comunicarse de mensajeros que corren de un sitio a otro y tecnolog\u00EDas totalmente anticuadas como radiaficionados."@es . "La sciamatura (anche attacco a sciame o lo sciamare) \u00E8 una tattica militare impiegata sul campo di battaglia pensata per massimizzare la del bersaglio e quindi sopraffare o saturare le dell'obiettivo principale. All'opposto, i difensori possono superare i tentativi nemici di sciamare, lanciando contromisure progettate per neutralizzare o respingere in altro modo tali attacchi. La sciamatura s'incontra soventemente nella guerra asimmetrica in cui le forze opposte non sono della stessa dimensione o capacit\u00E0. In tali situazioni, la sciamatura implica l'uso di una forza decentralizzata contro l\u2019avversario in modo da enfatizzare la mobilit\u00E0, la comunicazione, l'autonomia dell'unit\u00E0 e la sua coordinazione e/o sincronizzazione. Storicamente le forze militari hanno usato i principi della tattica dello sciamare senza esaminarli realmente in modo esplicito, ma ora c'\u00E8 una ricerca attiva nell'esaminare consapevolmente le dottrine militari che traggono idee dallo sciame. In natura e in situazioni non militari, esistono altre varie forme di sciamatura. Le forme guidate biologicamente sono spesso sistemi adattativi complessi, ma non hanno una pianificazione centrale, seguono bens\u00EC semplici regole individuali e comportamenti non deterministici che possono o meno evolvere a seconda della situazione. Le attuali esplorazioni militari sulla sciamatura affrontano lo spettro delle operazioni militari, da quelle strategiche a quelle tattiche. Un gruppo di esperti ha valutato il ruolo dello sciamare nella \"\" o nella . Gli stessi hanno osservato che l\u2019attacco a sciame \u00E8 principalmente tattico, a volte operativo e raramente strategico, ed \u00E8 complementare ad altri sforzi anzich\u00E9 essere un loro sostituto. Lo sciamare trova un'estensione logica nella . Al momento, l\u2019 \u00E8 disponibile solo in determinati contesti specifici."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .