. . . . "Terra preta (portugiesisch f\u00FCr \u201Eschwarze Erde\u201C) beziehungsweise Terra preta de \u00EDndio (\u201Eschwarze Indianererde\u201C) ist die Bezeichnung f\u00FCr einen fruchtbaren, im Amazonasbecken anzutreffenden anthropogenen Boden, genauer einen Pretic Anthrosol. Der Boden besteht aus einer Mischung von Holz- und Pflanzenkohle, menschlichen F\u00E4kalien, Dung und Kompost, durchsetzt mit Tonscherben und gelegentlich auch Knochen sowie Fischgr\u00E4ten. Aufgrund der Farbe und des Anteils an pyrogenem Kohlenstoff wird Terra preta auch als Indianer-Schwarzerde Amazoniens bezeichnet, ist aus bodenkundlicher Sicht aber keine Schwarzerde."@de . . "Terra preta"@en . "\u0422\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430 (\u043E\u0442 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u2014 terra preta, terra preta do indio \u2014 \u0447\u0451\u0440\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0437\u0435\u043C\u043B\u044F, \u0447\u0451\u0440\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0437\u0435\u043C\u043B\u044F \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0435\u0432) \u2014 \u0438\u0441\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 (\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043F\u043E\u0433\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435) \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0432\u044B \u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0435 \u043D\u0438\u0437\u043A\u043E\u0442\u0435\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u0433\u043B\u044F. \u041E\u0442\u043A\u0440\u044B\u0442\u044B \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0439\u043D\u0435 \u0410\u043C\u0430\u0437\u043E\u043D\u043A\u0438 (\u0411\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043B\u0438\u044F) (Terra preta do indio) \u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0445 \u0437\u0435\u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0448\u0430\u0440\u0430. \u0412 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u044B\u0448\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0438 \u043A\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u043C \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043F\u043B\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0438\u044F \u0438 \u043E\u0437\u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439. \u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0442 \u0431\u0438\u043E\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0432 \u0438 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0442\u0438\u043F\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430 (Terra preta nova). \u0412 \u043A\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u044B\u0440\u044C\u044F \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044B\u0442\u044C \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u044B \u043D\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441 \u043F\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0449\u044C\u044E \u044D\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0435\u043A\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430. \u041A\u0430\u043A \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435, \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0432\u044B \u0442\u0438\u043F\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043E\u0442\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432\u044B\u0441\u043E\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u0433\u043B\u044F \u0438 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0432\u044B \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442, \u043A\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435 \u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E, \u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043B\u043A\u0438 \u043A\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043A\u0438, \u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430 \u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445. \u041A \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0437\u0451\u043C\u0430\u043C \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0432\u044B \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0435 \u0438\u043C\u0435\u044E\u0442."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . "Terra preta, tamb\u00E9m conhecida como terra preta de \u00EDndio (TPI) \u00E9 um tipo de solo escuro, f\u00E9rtil e antropog\u00EAnico de origem pr\u00E9-colombiana encontrado na regi\u00E3o Amaz\u00F4nica. V\u00E1rias teorias explicam a origem das terras pretas na Amaz\u00F4nia: que seria o resultado de cinzas vulc\u00E2nicas dos Andes ou que seria o resultado da sedimenta\u00E7\u00E3o em lagos durante os per\u00EDodos geol\u00F3gicos terci\u00E1rios. Pesquisas mais recentes apontam para uma origem antr\u00F3pica, ou seja, resultante da a\u00E7\u00E3o humana. Elas teriam sido produzidas com a combina\u00E7\u00E3o de carv\u00E3o vegetal, cer\u00E2mica e mat\u00E9ria org\u00E2nica de origem vegetal e animal."@pt . . . . "La terra preta (prononc\u00E9 en portugais : /\u02C8t\u025B\u0281\u0250 \u02C8p\u027Eet\u0250/ ou /\u02C8t\u025Bh\u0250 \u02C8p\u027Eet\u0250/ ; litt. \u00AB terre noire \u00BB), \u00E9galement appel\u00E9e terre noire amazonienne ou terre noire des Indiens dans la litt\u00E9rature scientifique, est un anthrosol, un type de sol sombre amazonien. D\u2019origine humaine et d'une fertilit\u00E9 exceptionnelle due \u00E0 des concentrations particuli\u00E8rement \u00E9lev\u00E9es en charbon de bois, en mati\u00E8re organique et en nutriments (notamment l'azote, le phosphore, le potassium et le calcium), il contient une quantit\u00E9 remarquable de tessons de poterie, et l'activit\u00E9 microorganique y est des plus d\u00E9velopp\u00E9es. La terra mulata est un autre type d'anthrosol qui lui est g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement associ\u00E9. Ces sols ont pour la plupart \u00E9t\u00E9 cr\u00E9\u00E9s par l\u2019\u00EAtre humain entre \u2212800 et 500, les plus vieux remontant pour leur part \u00E0 \u22122800. Ils sont donc d'origine pr\u00E9colombienne. Des milliers d'ann\u00E9es apr\u00E8s leur cr\u00E9ation, ils sont si r\u00E9put\u00E9s au Br\u00E9sil qu'ils sont r\u00E9colt\u00E9s et vendus comme terreau \u00E0 rempoter (voir ). Leur profondeur peut aller jusqu'\u00E0 deux m\u00E8tres. Les \u00E9tendues de terra preta sont g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement entour\u00E9es de sols infertiles, principalement l'oxisol, mais aussi ferralsols, et ."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Terra preta"@fr . . "Terra preta (derivat del portugu\u00E8s: \u201Cterra negra\u201D, el nom complet en portugu\u00E8s del Brasil \u00E9s Terra preta do indio \u00E9s un tipus de s\u00F2l antropog\u00E8nic, fet pels amerindis brasilers, a la zona de l'Amaz\u00F2nia. El nom de terra preta es deu a l'alt contingut de carb\u00F3 vegetal i altres subst\u00E0ncies org\u00E0niques que els amerindis van incorporar a aquests s\u00F2ls que en estat natural s\u00F3n relativament inf\u00E8rtils. Un tipus de s\u00F2l antropog\u00E8nic, de color bru, no tan transformat de l'Amaz\u00F2nia es coneix com a Terra mulata."@ca . . . . . "Terra preta"@cs . . . . . "Terra preta"@ca . . . "Terra preta (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02C8t\u025B\u0281\u0250 \u02C8p\u027Eet\u0250], locally [\u02C8t\u025Bh\u0250 \u02C8p\u027Eet\u0250], literally \"black soil\" in Portuguese) is a type of very dark, fertile anthropogenic soil (anthrosol) found in the Amazon Basin. It is also known as \"Amazonian dark earth\" or \"Indian black earth\". In Portuguese its full name is terra preta do \u00EDndio or terra preta de \u00EDndio (\"black soil of the Indian\", \"Indians' black earth\"). Terra mulata (\"mulatto earth\") is lighter or brownish in color."@en . . . . . . "47179"^^ . . . . "Terra preta"@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1862447"^^ . . . . "Terra preta"@es . "1119430645"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "Terra preta (derivat del portugu\u00E8s: \u201Cterra negra\u201D, el nom complet en portugu\u00E8s del Brasil \u00E9s Terra preta do indio \u00E9s un tipus de s\u00F2l antropog\u00E8nic, fet pels amerindis brasilers, a la zona de l'Amaz\u00F2nia. El nom de terra preta es deu a l'alt contingut de carb\u00F3 vegetal i altres subst\u00E0ncies org\u00E0niques que els amerindis van incorporar a aquests s\u00F2ls que en estat natural s\u00F3n relativament inf\u00E8rtils. Un tipus de s\u00F2l antropog\u00E8nic, de color bru, no tan transformat de l'Amaz\u00F2nia es coneix com a Terra mulata. Molts s\u00F2ls de la terra baixa en els tr\u00F2pics humits, en estat natural com per exemple l'oxisol, resulten massa poc f\u00E8rtils per sostenir l'agricultura a llarg termini. Als tr\u00F2pics humits la descomposici\u00F3 de la mat\u00E8ria org\u00E0nica \u00E9s molt r\u00E0pida per les altes temperatures, molta pluviometria i la manca de minerals que estabilitzin. La terra preta de creaci\u00F3 humana, en canvi, resulta f\u00E8rtil d'una manera sostenible, el carb\u00F3 vegetal, provinent de la combusti\u00F3 incompleta de material org\u00E0nic, \u00E9s essencial per aquest efecte. La terra preta cont\u00E9 70 vegades m\u00E9s carb\u00F3 vegetal que les terres que l'envolten. Per la seva estructura arom\u00E0tica polic\u00EDclica el carb\u00F3 vegetal \u00E9s microbiol\u00F2gicament estable i persisteix en el medi ambient durant segles. El carb\u00F3 vegetal prov\u00E9 de la fusta que es fa servir per cuinar, altres materials que es van incorporar al s\u00F2l inclouen: fragments de cer\u00E0mica,mat\u00E8ria org\u00E0nica provinent de residus vegetals, fems, espines de peixos, ossos d'animals i altres que proporcionen diversitat d'elements necessaris per a la fertilitat del s\u00F2l: nitrogen, f\u00F2sfor, potassi, calci, zinc, mangan\u00E8s, etc. L'origen de la terra preta \u00E9s precolomb\u00ED de 450 aC. a 950 d C. La fond\u00E0ria del s\u00F2l terra preta pot arribar a 2 metres. Es troba en extensions de 20 a 350 hect\u00E0rees i s'estima que a l'Amazonia central ocupa unes 50.000 hect\u00E0rees."@ca . . "\u062A\u064A\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u064A\u062A\u0627 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062A\u063A\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629: Terra preta\u060C \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0639\u0646\u064A \u062D\u0631\u0641\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u00AB\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062F\u0627\u0621\u00BB \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062A\u063A\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629) \u0647\u064A \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0627\u0645\u0642\u0629 \u062C\u062F\u064B\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u062D\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646. \u064A\u0631\u062C\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u062A\u064A\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u064A\u062A\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064A\u0632 \u0644\u0645\u062D\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062D\u0645\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0645 \u062A\u0635\u0646\u064A\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u064A\u062C \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062D\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062E\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064A\u064B\u0627. \u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0644\u0625\u062F\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062A\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062D\u0645\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062D\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u064A\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0650\u0645\u0627\u064B \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062D\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629. \u062A\u062A\u0645\u064A\u0632 \u062A\u064A\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u064A\u062A\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062D\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062E\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0631\u0643\u064A\u0632\u0627\u062A \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0638\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062E\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063A\u064A\u0631\u0629\u061B \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062A\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0648\u063A\u064A\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062F\u061B \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063A\u0630\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064A\u062A\u0631\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063A\u0646\u064A\u0632. \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0635\u0628\u0629\u060C \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u062A\u064A\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u064A\u062A\u0627\u060C \u062A\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u062A\u0648\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0647\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u063A\u064A\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u062F\u062F\u0629 \u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064A\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064A\u0646\u0629."@ar . . . . . "\u062A\u064A\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u064A\u062A\u0627 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062A\u063A\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629: Terra preta\u060C \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0639\u0646\u064A \u062D\u0631\u0641\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u00AB\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062F\u0627\u0621\u00BB \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062A\u063A\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629) \u0647\u064A \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0627\u0645\u0642\u0629 \u062C\u062F\u064B\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u062D\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646. \u064A\u0631\u062C\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u062A\u064A\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u064A\u062A\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064A\u0632 \u0644\u0645\u062D\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062D\u0645\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0645 \u062A\u0635\u0646\u064A\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u064A\u062C \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062D\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062E\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064A\u064B\u0627. \u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0644\u0625\u062F\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062A\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062D\u0645\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062D\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u064A\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0650\u0645\u0627\u064B \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062D\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u4E9E\u99AC\u905C\u9ED1\u571F\uFF08\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8A9E\uFF1ATerra Preta\uFF0C\u610F\u601D\u662F\u9ED1\u8272\u7684\u571F\u58E4\uFF09\uFF0C\u53C8\u7A31\u9ED1\u571F\uFF08\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u8A9E\uFF1Atierra negra del Amazonas\uFF09\u3001\u5370\u5730\u5B89\u9ED1\u571F\uFF08\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8A9E\uFF1Aterra preta de \u00EDndio\uFF09\u3001\u4EBA\u9020\u9ED1\u571F\uFF08\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u8A9E\uFF1Atierra negra antropog\u00E9nica\uFF09\u3002\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u4EBA\u9020\u7684\u80A5\u6C83\u9ED1\u8272\u571F\u58E4\uFF0C\u5728\u4E9E\u99AC\u905C\u76C6\u5730\u7B49\u5730\u767C\u73FE\uFF0C\u6709\u6578\u5343\u5E74\u4EE5\u4E0A\u7684\u6B77\u53F2\u3002 \u9ED1\u571F\u7684\u4E3B\u8981\u6210\u4EFD\u662F\u6728\u70AD\uFF0C\u4E5F\u5305\u542B\u4E86\u4E00\u4E9B\u9AA8\u982D\u8DDF\u6709\u6A5F\u80A5\u3002\u9019\u7A2E\u9ED1\u571F\u5728\u54E5\u502B\u5E03\u4E4B\u524D\u5C31\u6709\uFF0C\u7D04\u5728\u516C\u5143\u524D450\u5E74\u81F3\u516C\u5143950\u5E74\u9593\u5275\u9020\u3002\u9019\u7A2E\u9ED1\u571F\u555F\u767C\u4E86\u79D1\u5B78\u5BB6\u5C0D\u65BC\u751F\u7269\u70AD\u7684\u7814\u7A76\u8208\u8DA3\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . "Terra preta (portug. tmav\u00E1 zem\u011B) je druh velmi tmav\u00E9 a \u00FArodn\u00E9 antropogenn\u00ED p\u016Fdy, kter\u00E1 byla p\u016Fvodn\u011B objevena v Amazonii. V posledn\u00ED dob\u011B se dost\u00E1v\u00E1 do st\u0159edu z\u00E1jmu t\u011Bch, kte\u0159\u00ED se zaj\u00EDmaj\u00ED o trvale udr\u017Eiteln\u00E9 postupy. Terra preta byla zalo\u017Eena a pravd\u011Bpodobn\u011B i polnohospod\u00E1\u0159sky vyu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1na v m\u00EDstech, kde je jinak relativn\u011B velice neplodn\u00E1 p\u016Fda, a to p\u016Fvodn\u00EDmi indi\u00E1nsk\u00FDmi kmeny, je\u0161t\u011B p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00EDchodem Evropan\u016F. Co se t\u00FDk\u00E1 obsahu \u00FAstrojn\u00FDch l\u00E1tek (humus), je tento p\u016Fdn\u00ED typ velmi stabiln\u00ED a z\u016Fst\u00E1v\u00E1 v tomto stavu \u00FAdajn\u011B po stovky a\u017E tis\u00EDce let. Teorie sebeobnovy Terra prety v\u0161ak mohou b\u00FDt i odli\u0161n\u00E9."@cs . . . "\u062A\u064A\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u064A\u062A\u0627"@ar . . . . . . . . "Terra preta (portugiesisch f\u00FCr \u201Eschwarze Erde\u201C) beziehungsweise Terra preta de \u00EDndio (\u201Eschwarze Indianererde\u201C) ist die Bezeichnung f\u00FCr einen fruchtbaren, im Amazonasbecken anzutreffenden anthropogenen Boden, genauer einen Pretic Anthrosol. Der Boden besteht aus einer Mischung von Holz- und Pflanzenkohle, menschlichen F\u00E4kalien, Dung und Kompost, durchsetzt mit Tonscherben und gelegentlich auch Knochen sowie Fischgr\u00E4ten."@de . . . "\u4E9E\u99AC\u905C\u9ED1\u571F\uFF08\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8A9E\uFF1ATerra Preta\uFF0C\u610F\u601D\u662F\u9ED1\u8272\u7684\u571F\u58E4\uFF09\uFF0C\u53C8\u7A31\u9ED1\u571F\uFF08\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u8A9E\uFF1Atierra negra del Amazonas\uFF09\u3001\u5370\u5730\u5B89\u9ED1\u571F\uFF08\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8A9E\uFF1Aterra preta de \u00EDndio\uFF09\u3001\u4EBA\u9020\u9ED1\u571F\uFF08\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u8A9E\uFF1Atierra negra antropog\u00E9nica\uFF09\u3002\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u4EBA\u9020\u7684\u80A5\u6C83\u9ED1\u8272\u571F\u58E4\uFF0C\u5728\u4E9E\u99AC\u905C\u76C6\u5730\u7B49\u5730\u767C\u73FE\uFF0C\u6709\u6578\u5343\u5E74\u4EE5\u4E0A\u7684\u6B77\u53F2\u3002 \u9ED1\u571F\u7684\u4E3B\u8981\u6210\u4EFD\u662F\u6728\u70AD\uFF0C\u4E5F\u5305\u542B\u4E86\u4E00\u4E9B\u9AA8\u982D\u8DDF\u6709\u6A5F\u80A5\u3002\u9019\u7A2E\u9ED1\u571F\u5728\u54E5\u502B\u5E03\u4E4B\u524D\u5C31\u6709\uFF0C\u7D04\u5728\u516C\u5143\u524D450\u5E74\u81F3\u516C\u5143950\u5E74\u9593\u5275\u9020\u3002\u9019\u7A2E\u9ED1\u571F\u555F\u767C\u4E86\u79D1\u5B78\u5BB6\u5C0D\u65BC\u751F\u7269\u70AD\u7684\u7814\u7A76\u8208\u8DA3\u3002"@zh . "Terra preta (do indio) is een zeer vruchtbare zwarte grondsoort, die 10% van het Amazonebekken bedekt. Deze grond moet 1500 tot 2800 jaar geleden ontstaan zijn. Terra Preta werd nagelaten door een lang vergeten beschaving, waarvan tegenwoordig nog slechts enkele indianenstammen over zijn. Ze zou gecre\u00EBerd zijn door uit planten in de omgeving houtskool te maken en deze te mengen met de aanwezige aarde. Deze techniek wordt als analogie op slash-and-burn weleens slash-and-char genoemd (Engels: charcoal = houtskool)."@nl . . . . . . . . . . "Per terra preta, termine portoghese dal significato di \"terra nera\", s'intende una tipologia di suolo tipica del bacino amazzonico, di origine antropogenica e caratterizzato appunto da una colorazione molto scura (se ne conoscono anche variet\u00E0 pi\u00F9 chiare dette terra mulata, \"terra mulatta\"), dovuta alla fertilizzazione con materiale organico e carbone vegetale.Il terreno amazzonico, infatti, si rivela molto povero di nutrienti (per lo pi\u00F9 , ma anche e , noti in portoghese col nome di terra comum, \"terra comune\") e soggetto a lisciviazione, problema che nelle aree di terra preta, profonde fino a 2 metri, viene arginato e stabilizzato quasi completamente anche per millenni."@it . . . . . . "Terra preta"@pl . . . . . . . . . "\u0422\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430 (\u043E\u0442 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u2014 terra preta, terra preta do indio \u2014 \u0447\u0451\u0440\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0437\u0435\u043C\u043B\u044F, \u0447\u0451\u0440\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0437\u0435\u043C\u043B\u044F \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0435\u0432) \u2014 \u0438\u0441\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 (\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043F\u043E\u0433\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435) \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0432\u044B \u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0435 \u043D\u0438\u0437\u043A\u043E\u0442\u0435\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u0433\u043B\u044F. \u041E\u0442\u043A\u0440\u044B\u0442\u044B \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0439\u043D\u0435 \u0410\u043C\u0430\u0437\u043E\u043D\u043A\u0438 (\u0411\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043B\u0438\u044F) (Terra preta do indio) \u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0445 \u0437\u0435\u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0448\u0430\u0440\u0430. \u0412 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u044B\u0448\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0438 \u043A\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u043C \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043F\u043B\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0438\u044F \u0438 \u043E\u0437\u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439."@ru . "Terra preta (do indio) is een zeer vruchtbare zwarte grondsoort, die 10% van het Amazonebekken bedekt. Deze grond moet 1500 tot 2800 jaar geleden ontstaan zijn. Terra Preta werd nagelaten door een lang vergeten beschaving, waarvan tegenwoordig nog slechts enkele indianenstammen over zijn. Ze zou gecre\u00EBerd zijn door uit planten in de omgeving houtskool te maken en deze te mengen met de aanwezige aarde. Deze techniek wordt als analogie op slash-and-burn weleens slash-and-char genoemd (Engels: charcoal = houtskool). De ontdekkingsreiziger Charles Orton maakte in 1870 als eerste melding van de zwarte grond in zijn boek The Andes and the Amazon. In 1879 beschreef Herbert Smith de verbazingwekkend goede groei van suikerriet op deze grond. De Wageningse bodemkundige Wim Sombroek schreef in 1966 de eerste wetenschappelijk studie over Terra Preta onder de titel Amazon Soils. Behalve veel houtskool worden in Terra Preta ook visbeenderen en potscherven aangetroffen. Daardoor staat onomstotelijk vast dat deze grondsoort onder invloed van de mens is ontstaan. Terra Preta kan tot negen procent koolstof bevatten. Dit heeft geleid tot het idee koolstof via Terra Preta in de grond op te slaan, in plaats van deze in de vorm van kooldioxide in de dampkring te laten bijdragen aan het broeikaseffect. Voor zulke kunstmatige Terra Preta is de naam biochar bedacht. Via pyrolyse zou organisch afval moeten worden gesplitst in gassen (die vervolgens als biobrandstof kunnen dienen) en een vast koolstofrijk residu, dat met grond kan worden vermengd. De koolstof zou dan voor honderden of zelfs duizenden jaren zijn vastgelegd. Het proces komt neer op een sterk vertragen van de biologische koolstofkringloop: het organisch afval zou anders zijn koolstof veel sneller aan de atmosfeer teruggeven. Klimaatwetenschappers, tropische landbouwkundigen en ontwikkelingswerkers zijn sterk ge\u00EFnteresseerd in het concept, omdat het toelaat een aantal enorme problemen simultaan aan te pakken. Door arme tropische bodems veel vruchtbaarder te maken kan de ontbossing veroorzaakt door 'slash-and-burn' landbouw teruggeschroefd worden. Bovendien leidt de verhoogde gewasopbrengst tot grotere voedselzekerheid onder de 300 tot 500 miljoen arme boeren die aan de rand van tropische wouden aan landbouw doen. Wanneer ten slotte moderne pyrolyse-systemen worden ge\u00EFntroduceerd bij deze bevolkingen kunnen zij voor het eerst van moderne energie-diensten genieten. De energie in kwestie is koolstof-negatief, en de biochar is een restproduct van de opgewekte elektriciteit. Moderne energie-diensten verhinderen het gebruik van weinig duurzame brandstoffen en verminderen verder de houtkap. In zijn recente studie over de wijze waarop de mensheid koolstofdioxide uit de atmosfeer kan (en moet) halen, beschouwt de beroemde Amerikaanse klimaatwetenschapper James Hansen biochar als een van de meest realistische opties. Andere opties omvatten de opslag van biogene CO2 in geologische formaties (zoals uitgeputte olie- en gasvelden). Recent werd het opgericht, een organisatie die biochar aanwendt om enkele van de grootste problemen in de ontwikkelingswereld simultaan aan te pakken: honger, ontbossing, energie-armoede en klimaatverandering."@nl . "Terra preta (z j\u0119z. portugalskiego \u201Eczarna ziemia\u201D lub terra preta do Indio, czyli \u201Eczarna ziemia Indian\u201D) \u2013 bardzo \u017Cyzna gleba (\u201Etropikalny czarnoziem\u201D), bogata w zwi\u0105zki organiczne i pr\u00F3chnic\u0119, pozosta\u0142o\u015B\u0107 po prekolumbijskim rolnictwie w dorzeczu Amazonki."@pl . . "Terra preta (que significa \u2018tierra negra\u2019 en portugu\u00E9s) es un t\u00E9rmino que se utiliza para referirse a un tipo de suelo oscuro y f\u00E9rtil encontrado en la cuenca del r\u00EDo Amazonas. Tambi\u00E9n se denomina \u00ABtierra negra del Amazonas\u00BB, \u00ABtierra negra antropog\u00E9nica\u00BB, \u00ABtierra negra arqueol\u00F3gica\u00BB o \u00ABtierra negra india\u00BB, aportando cada expresi\u00F3n un matiz diferente. En portugu\u00E9s, la expresi\u00F3n completa es terra preta de \u00EDndio.\u200B La terra preta posee una gran fertilidad y ello la diferencia claramente de los suelos rojizos o amarillentos y mucho m\u00E1s est\u00E9riles que predominan en la Amazonia: los oxisoles (con predominancia de \u00F3xidos minerales) y (totalmente carentes de material calc\u00E1reo). Se cree que la terra preta es el resultado de la modificaci\u00F3n pedol\u00F3gica o edafol\u00F3gica, qu\u00EDmica y mineral de suelos preexistentes, a consecuencia de las actividades de las culturas ind\u00EDgenas que habitaban la regi\u00F3n antes de la llegada de los europeos.\u200B La gran cantidad de cer\u00E1micas y objetos de origen humano encontrados en esas tierras apunta claramente a su origen antropog\u00E9nico. La fertilidad natural de este suelo y su alta resistencia a la descomposici\u00F3n de la materia org\u00E1nica, as\u00ED como su gran capacidad para retener nutrientes y agua lo han convertido en los a\u00F1os 2000 en objeto de varios programas de investigaci\u00F3n sobre fertilidad y agricultura sostenible."@es . "Terra preta (que significa \u2018tierra negra\u2019 en portugu\u00E9s) es un t\u00E9rmino que se utiliza para referirse a un tipo de suelo oscuro y f\u00E9rtil encontrado en la cuenca del r\u00EDo Amazonas. Tambi\u00E9n se denomina \u00ABtierra negra del Amazonas\u00BB, \u00ABtierra negra antropog\u00E9nica\u00BB, \u00ABtierra negra arqueol\u00F3gica\u00BB o \u00ABtierra negra india\u00BB, aportando cada expresi\u00F3n un matiz diferente. En portugu\u00E9s, la expresi\u00F3n completa es terra preta de \u00EDndio.\u200B"@es . . . "\u0422\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Terra preta (portug. tmav\u00E1 zem\u011B) je druh velmi tmav\u00E9 a \u00FArodn\u00E9 antropogenn\u00ED p\u016Fdy, kter\u00E1 byla p\u016Fvodn\u011B objevena v Amazonii. V posledn\u00ED dob\u011B se dost\u00E1v\u00E1 do st\u0159edu z\u00E1jmu t\u011Bch, kte\u0159\u00ED se zaj\u00EDmaj\u00ED o trvale udr\u017Eiteln\u00E9 postupy. Terra preta byla zalo\u017Eena a pravd\u011Bpodobn\u011B i polnohospod\u00E1\u0159sky vyu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1na v m\u00EDstech, kde je jinak relativn\u011B velice neplodn\u00E1 p\u016Fda, a to p\u016Fvodn\u00EDmi indi\u00E1nsk\u00FDmi kmeny, je\u0161t\u011B p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00EDchodem Evropan\u016F. Co se t\u00FDk\u00E1 obsahu \u00FAstrojn\u00FDch l\u00E1tek (humus), je tento p\u016Fdn\u00ED typ velmi stabiln\u00ED a z\u016Fst\u00E1v\u00E1 v tomto stavu \u00FAdajn\u011B po stovky a\u017E tis\u00EDce let. Terra preta vd\u011B\u010D\u00ED za sv\u016Fj n\u00E1zev tmav\u00E9 barv\u011B, kterou z\u00EDskala d\u00EDky vysok\u00E9mu obsahu d\u0159ev\u011Bn\u00E9ho uhl\u00ED (a\u017E 20%) a kter\u00E9 v n\u00ED vytv\u00E1\u0159\u00ED p\u0159\u00EDzniv\u00E9 prost\u0159ed\u00ED jak pro p\u016Fdn\u00ED mikroorganismy, tak pro v\u00E1z\u00E1n\u00ED \u017Eivin a vody. K jej\u00EDmu vzniku patrn\u011B p\u0159isp\u011Blo zcela c\u00EDlev\u011Bdom\u00E9 ukl\u00E1d\u00E1n\u00ED vrstev d\u0159ev\u011Bn\u00E9ho uhl\u00ED, keramick\u00FDch zlomk\u016F, hnoje, kost\u00ED, a dal\u0161\u00EDch organick\u00FDch zbytk\u016F a jejich n\u00E1sledn\u00E9 prom\u00EDch\u00E1n\u00ED se st\u00E1vaj\u00EDc\u00ED (ne\u00FArodnou) p\u016Fdou. Terra preta je abnorm\u00E1ln\u011B odoln\u00E1 v\u016F\u010Di vyplavov\u00E1n\u00ED \u017Eivin, co\u017E b\u00FDv\u00E1 velice z\u00E1va\u017En\u00FDm probl\u00E9mem v\u011Bt\u0161iny de\u0161tn\u00FDch prales\u016F. To ale v dne\u0161n\u00ED dob\u011B za\u010D\u00EDn\u00E1 b\u00FDt probl\u00E9mem, s p\u0159\u00EDchodem p\u0159\u00EDvalov\u00FDch de\u0161\u0165\u016F, i v na\u0161ich zem\u011Bpisn\u00FDch \u0161\u00ED\u0159k\u00E1ch. Hloubka Terra prety dosahuje v p\u0159irozen\u00FDch nalezi\u0161t\u00EDch hloubky a\u017E dvou metr\u016F a pro svou \u00FArodnost je v Amazonii \u010Dasto i t\u011B\u017Eena. Bylo \u00FAdajn\u011B zji\u0161t\u011Bno, \u017Ee vyt\u011B\u017Een\u00E1 Terra preta se \u00FAdajn\u011B dok\u00E1\u017Ee sama obnovovat (ud\u00E1v\u00E1 se a\u017E 1 cm ro\u010Dn\u011B). Podle pramen\u016F to je zp\u016Fsobeno naprosto masivn\u00ED p\u0159\u00EDtomnost\u00ED a enormn\u00ED aktivitou ji\u017E zm\u00EDn\u011Bn\u00FDch mikroorganism\u016F, kter\u00E9 jsou pro dan\u00FD p\u016Fdn\u00ED typ zcela typick\u00E9. Teorie sebeobnovy Terra prety v\u0161ak mohou b\u00FDt i odli\u0161n\u00E9. Terra preta byla objevena t\u00E9\u017E v Ekv\u00E1doru, Peru, Francouzsk\u00E9 Guyan\u011B a tak\u00E9 v Asii a Africe."@cs . . . . . . "\u4E9E\u99AC\u905C\u9ED1\u571F"@zh . . . . . "Terra preta (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02C8t\u025B\u0281\u0250 \u02C8p\u027Eet\u0250], locally [\u02C8t\u025Bh\u0250 \u02C8p\u027Eet\u0250], literally \"black soil\" in Portuguese) is a type of very dark, fertile anthropogenic soil (anthrosol) found in the Amazon Basin. It is also known as \"Amazonian dark earth\" or \"Indian black earth\". In Portuguese its full name is terra preta do \u00EDndio or terra preta de \u00EDndio (\"black soil of the Indian\", \"Indians' black earth\"). Terra mulata (\"mulatto earth\") is lighter or brownish in color. Terra preta owes its characteristic black color to its weathered charcoal content, and was made by adding a mixture of charcoal, bones, broken pottery, compost and manure to the low fertility Amazonian soil. A product of indigenous soil management and slash-and-char agriculture, the charcoal is stable and remains in the soil for thousands of years, binding and retaining minerals and nutrients. Terra preta is characterized by the presence of low-temperature charcoal residues in high concentrations; of high quantities of tiny pottery shards; of organic matter such as plant residues, animal feces, fish and animal bones, and other material; and of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, zinc and manganese. Fertile soils such as terra preta show high levels of microorganic activities and other specific characteristics within particular ecosystems. Terra preta zones are generally surrounded by terra comum ([\u02C8t\u025Bh\u0250 ko\u02C8m\u0169] or [\u02C8t\u025Bh\u0250 ku\u02C8m\u0169]), or \"common soil\"; these are infertile soils, mainly acrisols, but also ferralsols and arenosols. Deforested arable soils in the Amazon are productive for a short period of time before their nutrients are consumed or leached away by rain or flooding. This forces farmers to migrate to an unburned area and clear it (by fire). Terra preta is less prone to nutrient leaching because of its high concentration of charcoal, microbial life and organic matter. The combination accumulates nutrients, minerals and microorganisms and withstands leaching. Terra preta soils were created by farming communities between 450 BCE and 950 CE. Soil depths can reach 2 meters (6.6 ft). It is reported to regenerate itself at the rate of 1 centimeter (0.4 in) per year."@en . . . . . . "Terra preta, tamb\u00E9m conhecida como terra preta de \u00EDndio (TPI) \u00E9 um tipo de solo escuro, f\u00E9rtil e antropog\u00EAnico de origem pr\u00E9-colombiana encontrado na regi\u00E3o Amaz\u00F4nica. V\u00E1rias teorias explicam a origem das terras pretas na Amaz\u00F4nia: que seria o resultado de cinzas vulc\u00E2nicas dos Andes ou que seria o resultado da sedimenta\u00E7\u00E3o em lagos durante os per\u00EDodos geol\u00F3gicos terci\u00E1rios. Pesquisas mais recentes apontam para uma origem antr\u00F3pica, ou seja, resultante da a\u00E7\u00E3o humana. Elas teriam sido produzidas com a combina\u00E7\u00E3o de carv\u00E3o vegetal, cer\u00E2mica e mat\u00E9ria org\u00E2nica de origem vegetal e animal."@pt . . . "Terra preta (z j\u0119z. portugalskiego \u201Eczarna ziemia\u201D lub terra preta do Indio, czyli \u201Eczarna ziemia Indian\u201D) \u2013 bardzo \u017Cyzna gleba (\u201Etropikalny czarnoziem\u201D), bogata w zwi\u0105zki organiczne i pr\u00F3chnic\u0119, pozosta\u0142o\u015B\u0107 po prekolumbijskim rolnictwie w dorzeczu Amazonki."@pl . . . . "Per terra preta, termine portoghese dal significato di \"terra nera\", s'intende una tipologia di suolo tipica del bacino amazzonico, di origine antropogenica e caratterizzato appunto da una colorazione molto scura (se ne conoscono anche variet\u00E0 pi\u00F9 chiare dette terra mulata, \"terra mulatta\"), dovuta alla fertilizzazione con materiale organico e carbone vegetale.Il terreno amazzonico, infatti, si rivela molto povero di nutrienti (per lo pi\u00F9 , ma anche e , noti in portoghese col nome di terra comum, \"terra comune\") e soggetto a lisciviazione, problema che nelle aree di terra preta, profonde fino a 2 metri, viene arginato e stabilizzato quasi completamente anche per millenni. Il termine \"terra preta\" deriva dalla contrazione dell'espressione portoghese terra preta do \u00EDndio o terra preta de \u00EDndio, col significato di \"terra nera degli indios\": l'origine di questi suoli \u00E8 infatti precolombiana e la maggior parte di essi sono stati creati fra il 450 a.C. ed il 950 d.C.. Pare che queste terre abbiano capacit\u00E0 autorigeneranti, crescendo al ritmo di 1 cm l'anno per millenni: rimane tuttavia un mistero in base a cosa ci\u00F2 venga reso possibile. Il fatto che attraverso l'utilizzo di queste terre a impatto zero sia possibile rendere produttivi terreni tradizionalmente poveri ed espandere le aree di foresta pluviale fa s\u00EC che l'uso e lo studio della terra preta sia un argomento di estremo interesse per l'agricoltura e la conservazione del patrimonio boschivo tropicale su scala globale."@it . . . "Terra preta"@nl . . . "Terra preta"@pt . "La terra preta (prononc\u00E9 en portugais : /\u02C8t\u025B\u0281\u0250 \u02C8p\u027Eet\u0250/ ou /\u02C8t\u025Bh\u0250 \u02C8p\u027Eet\u0250/ ; litt. \u00AB terre noire \u00BB), \u00E9galement appel\u00E9e terre noire amazonienne ou terre noire des Indiens dans la litt\u00E9rature scientifique, est un anthrosol, un type de sol sombre amazonien. D\u2019origine humaine et d'une fertilit\u00E9 exceptionnelle due \u00E0 des concentrations particuli\u00E8rement \u00E9lev\u00E9es en charbon de bois, en mati\u00E8re organique et en nutriments (notamment l'azote, le phosphore, le potassium et le calcium), il contient une quantit\u00E9 remarquable de tessons de poterie, et l'activit\u00E9 microorganique y est des plus d\u00E9velopp\u00E9es. La terra mulata est un autre type d'anthrosol qui lui est g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement associ\u00E9."@fr . "Terra preta"@it . . . . .