"A tetrodotoxina (TTX) \u00E9 uma toxina hidrof\u00EDlica, n\u00E3o proteica, produzida por diversos organismos, entre os quais v\u00E1rias esp\u00E9cies de peixes, gastr\u00F3podes marinhos, bivalves, bact\u00E9rias, anf\u00EDbios, artr\u00F3podes e platelmintas. Apresenta uma toxicidade cerca de 1000 vezes superior ao cianeto. \u00C9 termoest\u00E1vel, o aquecimento n\u00E3o diminui a sua toxicidade, pelo contr\u00E1rio ocorre um aumento da mesma. Atualmente, conhecem-se 30 an\u00E1logos estruturais da tetrodotoxina e v\u00E1rios estudos revelaram que o grau de toxicidade de cada um varia com a estrutura, de acordo com o n\u00FAmero e a posi\u00E7\u00E3o dos substituintes hidroxilo. \u00C9 uma potente neurotoxina que bloqueia os potenciais de ac\u00E7\u00E3o nos nervos. Esta subst\u00E2ncia liga-se aos poros dos canais de s\u00F3dio voltagem-dependentes existentes nas membranas das c\u00E9lulas nervosas."@pt . . . . "(4R,4aR,5R,6S,7S,8S,8aR,10S,12S)-2-azaniumylidene-4,6,8,12-tetrahydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1H-8a,10-methano-5,7-(epoxymethanooxy)quinazolin-10-olate"@en . . "Tetrodotossina"@it . "\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A\u062A\u0631\u0648\u062F\u0648\u062A\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064A\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Tetrodotoxin)\u200F \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u064A\u062A \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0636\u0626\u064A\u0644\u0629 \u062C\u062F\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064A\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064A\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062A \u0644\u0644\u0636\u062D\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062F\u0629 \u0623\u064A\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u064A \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062A \u0644\u0627 \u064A\u0641\u0642\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062D\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064A\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645 \u064A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062A\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062F\u062E\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0645\u062C\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0645 \u0648\u064A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062A\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0626\u064A\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062F\u062E\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645 \u0648\u064A\u062C\u062F \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0646\u0641\u0648\u062E\u064A\u0629 \u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064A\u0635 \u0648\u063A\u064A\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u064A\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062D\u062F\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u062F\u0650\u0651 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0650 \u063A\u064A\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0648\u064A\u0629\u0650 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062A\u064A\u0646. \u0625\u0630 \u064A\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062F\u0651 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062F\u064A\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064A\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062F\u0651\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u0639\u0637\u064A\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u062C\u0647\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060C \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064A."@ar . . . "Tetrodotoksyna \u2013 wielofunkcyjny zwi\u0105zek chemiczny, silna trucizna znajduj\u0105ca si\u0119 w ciele niekt\u00F3rych gatunk\u00F3w ryb rozdymkokszta\u0142tnych, w tym w rybach fugu wykorzystywanych w kuchni japo\u0144skiej. Jej dzia\u0142anie polega na blokowaniu kom\u00F3rek nerwowych. Powstaje przy udziale bakterii symbiotycznych, ale mechanizmy wyzwalaj\u0105ce jej produkcj\u0119, transport i kumulacj\u0119 w ciele ryby nie zosta\u0142y poznane."@pl . . . . . "\uD14C\uD2B8\uB85C\uB3C4\uD1A1\uC2E0"@ko . . . "La tetrodotossina (TTX) \u00E8 una potente neurotossina; essa trae nome dalla famiglia dei Tetraodontidae (pesci palla), chiamati cos\u00EC per il loro \"becco\" formato da quattro larghi denti fusi, adatto a rompere conchiglie, crostacei e persino rametti di corallo. I tetraodontidi presentano batteri simbionti che producono la tetrodotossina, che si accumula nel fegato, nelle viscere e nella cute. La stessa tossina si riscontra nel fegato di Diodontidae (pesci istrice) e Ostraciidae (pesci scatola)."@it . . . . . . . . . "anhydrotetrodotoxin, 4-epitetrodotoxin, tetrodonic acid, TTX"@en . . . "Tetrodotoxin (zkratka TTX) je smrtic\u00ED jed \u010Dtverzubc\u016F rodu Takifugu. Kumuluje se zejm\u00E9na v gon\u00E1d\u00E1ch, j\u00E1trech, mozku a v jikr\u00E1ch t\u011Bchto ryb. Je 100kr\u00E1t siln\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED ne\u017E kyanid draseln\u00FD.[zdroj?!] Mechanismus jeho p\u016Fsoben\u00ED spo\u010D\u00EDv\u00E1 v blokov\u00E1n\u00ED Na+ kan\u00E1l\u016F. Podobn\u011B p\u016Fsob\u00ED i jed saxitoxin. P\u0159edpokl\u00E1d\u00E1 se, \u017Ee skupina v jejich molekul\u00E1ch m\u00E1 vysokou afinitu k \u00FAst\u00ED t\u011Bchto kan\u00E1l\u016F.[zdroj?!]"@cs . "Tetrodotoxin (zkratka TTX) je smrtic\u00ED jed \u010Dtverzubc\u016F rodu Takifugu. Kumuluje se zejm\u00E9na v gon\u00E1d\u00E1ch, j\u00E1trech, mozku a v jikr\u00E1ch t\u011Bchto ryb. Je 100kr\u00E1t siln\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED ne\u017E kyanid draseln\u00FD.[zdroj?!] Mechanismus jeho p\u016Fsoben\u00ED spo\u010D\u00EDv\u00E1 v blokov\u00E1n\u00ED Na+ kan\u00E1l\u016F. Podobn\u011B p\u016Fsob\u00ED i jed saxitoxin. P\u0159edpokl\u00E1d\u00E1 se, \u017Ee skupina v jejich molekul\u00E1ch m\u00E1 vysokou afinitu k \u00FAst\u00ED t\u011Bchto kan\u00E1l\u016F.[zdroj?!]"@cs . . . . . . . . . "60048"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "Tetrodotoxina"@es . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30C6\u30C8\u30ED\u30C9\u30C8\u30AD\u30B7\u30F3"@ja . . . . . . "Tetrodotoksin, juga dikenal dengan nama \"tetrodox\" dan umumnya disingkat menjadi TTX, adalah sejenis neurotoksin yang dikenal tidak memiliki penawar racunnya. Walaupun telah terdapat penawar yang telah berhasil diujicobakan pada tikus, kajian lebih lanjut masih harus dilakukan untuk menentukan kemujaraban penawar racun ini pada manusia. Tetrodotoksin menghambat potensial aksi saraf dengan berikatan dengan pori-pori pada membran sel saraf."@in . . . . . . . "A tetrodotoxina (TTX) \u00E9 uma toxina hidrof\u00EDlica, n\u00E3o proteica, produzida por diversos organismos, entre os quais v\u00E1rias esp\u00E9cies de peixes, gastr\u00F3podes marinhos, bivalves, bact\u00E9rias, anf\u00EDbios, artr\u00F3podes e platelmintas. Apresenta uma toxicidade cerca de 1000 vezes superior ao cianeto. \u00C9 termoest\u00E1vel, o aquecimento n\u00E3o diminui a sua toxicidade, pelo contr\u00E1rio ocorre um aumento da mesma. \u00C9 uma potente neurotoxina que bloqueia os potenciais de ac\u00E7\u00E3o nos nervos. Esta subst\u00E2ncia liga-se aos poros dos canais de s\u00F3dio voltagem-dependentes existentes nas membranas das c\u00E9lulas nervosas."@pt . . "Tetrodotoxin"@en . . . "anhydrotetrodotoxin, 4-epitetrodotoxin, tetrodonic acid, TTX"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Das Tetrodotoxin (von altgriechisch \u03C4\u03B5\u03C4\u03C1\u03B1- tetra- \u201Evier\u201C und altgriechisch \u1F40\u03B4\u03BF\u03CD\u03C2 odo\u00FAs, deutsch \u201AZahn\u2018\u201A \u201EVierz\u00E4hner\u201C), kurz TTX, ist ein Nervengift, bei dem es sich um ein zwitterionisches Alkaloid aus der Imidazolin- und Pyrimidingruppe mit Guanidin-Teilstruktur handelt. 1964 wurde die Struktur des Tetrodotoxins von Robert B. Woodward aufgekl\u00E4rt. In Aceton ist es gut, in Wasser schlecht l\u00F6slich. 4,9-Anhydro-TTX ist eine molekular geringf\u00FCgig abweichende Variante dieses Giftes."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin. Its name derives from Tetraodontiformes, an order that includes pufferfish, porcupinefish, ocean sunfish, and triggerfish; several of these species carry the toxin. Although tetrodotoxin was discovered in these fish and found in several other animals (e.g., in blue-ringed octopuses, rough-skinned newts, and moon snails), it is actually produced by certain infecting or symbiotic bacteria like Pseudoalteromonas, Pseudomonas, and Vibrio as well as other species found in animals."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "La tetrodotoxina, generalmente abreviada como TTX, es una neurotoxina mortal de actuaci\u00F3n potente y r\u00E1pida,\u200B derivada de las quinazolinas, de origen principalmente marino."@es . . . . . . . . . . "La tetradotoxina o tetrodotoxina (coneguda habitualment com a TTX) \u00E9s una neurotoxina que a certes dosis esdev\u00E9 un potent\u00EDssim ver\u00ED: entre 0,5 i 1 mg poden causar la mort instant\u00E0nia a un \u00E9sser hum\u00E0, una dosi cinc-centes vegades m\u00E9s petita que la dosi mortal de cianur pot\u00E0ssic (totes dues dosis depenen sempre del pes de l'individu). Es troba principalment en \u00F2rgans i secrecions d'animals marins, com per exemple al fetge, ovaris i d'altres \u00F2rgans d'algunes esp\u00E8cies de peix globus. Malgrat el seu potencial t\u00F2xic se n'est\u00E0 investigant el seu \u00FAs com a analg\u00E8sic i en la deshabituaci\u00F3 d'opioides."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0422\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0441\u0438\u043D \u2014 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043D\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043B\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u044F\u0434 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043E\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u043D\u0435\u0439\u0440\u043E\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044F. \u0411\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u043E\u0435 \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0442\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0441\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0440\u044B\u0431\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u043E\u0442\u0440\u044F\u0434\u0430 \u0427\u0435\u0442\u044B\u0440\u0451\u0445\u0437\u0443\u0431\u043E\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043D\u044B\u0435 (Tetraodontiformes), \u0432\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u044B\u0431\u0430 \u0438\u0433\u043B\u043E\u0431\u0440\u044E\u0445 (\u044F\u0434 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438, \u043C\u043E\u043B\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0438\u043A\u0440\u0435); \u043A\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435 \u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E, \u044F\u0434 \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0438\u043A\u0440\u0435 \u043A\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0430 (Taricha torosa), \u0443 \u0440\u044F\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044B\u0447\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u044B\u0431 (Gobiidae),\u0441\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0435\u0439 \u043B\u0435\u043E\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0434\u043E\u0432, \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043E\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435 \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0435\u0432 \u043C\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0438, \u0432 \u043A\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u0438 \u044F\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430-\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043B\u044F\u0433\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043A \u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0410\u0442\u0435\u043B\u043E\u043F\u044B (Atelopus), \u0432 \u0442\u043A\u0430\u043D\u044F\u0445 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430 Atergatis floridus \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445. \u0422\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0441\u0438\u043D \u043C\u043E\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438; \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u043D\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0435 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043E \u043E\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0438\u043C\u0431\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432, \u043E\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u043A\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0447\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0435."@ru . . . . . . . . "Tetrodotoxin"@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Tetrodotoxin"@cs . . . . . "1124208265"^^ . . . "changed"@en . "Das Tetrodotoxin (von altgriechisch \u03C4\u03B5\u03C4\u03C1\u03B1- tetra- \u201Evier\u201C und altgriechisch \u1F40\u03B4\u03BF\u03CD\u03C2 odo\u00FAs, deutsch \u201AZahn\u2018\u201A \u201EVierz\u00E4hner\u201C), kurz TTX, ist ein Nervengift, bei dem es sich um ein zwitterionisches Alkaloid aus der Imidazolin- und Pyrimidingruppe mit Guanidin-Teilstruktur handelt. 1964 wurde die Struktur des Tetrodotoxins von Robert B. Woodward aufgekl\u00E4rt. In Aceton ist es gut, in Wasser schlecht l\u00F6slich. 4,9-Anhydro-TTX ist eine molekular geringf\u00FCgig abweichende Variante dieses Giftes."@de . "Tetrodotoxin-based-on-xtal-1970-3D-balls.png"@en . . . . "La tetradotoxina o tetrodotoxina (coneguda habitualment com a TTX) \u00E9s una neurotoxina que a certes dosis esdev\u00E9 un potent\u00EDssim ver\u00ED: entre 0,5 i 1 mg poden causar la mort instant\u00E0nia a un \u00E9sser hum\u00E0, una dosi cinc-centes vegades m\u00E9s petita que la dosi mortal de cianur pot\u00E0ssic (totes dues dosis depenen sempre del pes de l'individu). Es troba principalment en \u00F2rgans i secrecions d'animals marins, com per exemple al fetge, ovaris i d'altres \u00F2rgans d'algunes esp\u00E8cies de peix globus. Els s\u00EDmptomes que produeix s\u00F3n la disminuci\u00F3 de totes les , ja que interfereix en la i tamb\u00E9 genera parest\u00E8sia (par\u00E0lisi). Quan s'ingereix els s\u00EDmptomes es presenten lentament i el percentatge de superviv\u00E8ncia \u00E9s molt alt, per\u00F2 quan s'introdueix directament al flux sanguini es produeix la par\u00E0lisi, despr\u00E9s l'asf\u00EDxia (sense que el pacient perdi la consci\u00E8ncia) i \u00E9s el final. No se'n coneix l'ant\u00EDdot, i per evitar-ne la mort es recomana fer massatges card\u00EDacs i practicar la respiraci\u00F3 boca a boca, a m\u00E9s d'un urgent ingr\u00E9s hospitalari. Malgrat el seu potencial t\u00F2xic se n'est\u00E0 investigant el seu \u00FAs com a analg\u00E8sic i en la deshabituaci\u00F3 d'opioides."@ca . . . . . "\uD14C\uD2B8\uB85C\uB3C4\uD1A1\uC2E0(Tetrodotoxin, \uD654\uD559\uC2DD:C11H17N3O8)\uC740 \uC2E0\uACBD\uB3C5\uC758 \uD558\uB098\uB85C \uC2E0\uACBD\uC758 \uB098\uD2B8\uB968 \uCC44\uB110\uC758 \uC791\uC6A9\uC744 \uBC29\uD574\uD568\uC73C\uB85C \uD65C\uB3D9\uC804\uC704\uC758 \uAD50\uB780\uC744 \uC77C\uC73C\uCF1C \uB3C5 \uC791\uC6A9\uC744 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uD14C\uD2B8\uB85C\uB3C4\uD1A1\uC2E0\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uC774\uB984\uC740 \uC774 \uB3C5\uC131 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC744 \uAC16\uACE0 \uC788\uB294 \uC8FC\uC694 \uC0DD\uBB3C\uC778 \uBCF5\uC5B4\uBAA9\uC758 \uD559\uBA85\uC744 \uB530 \uC628 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uBCF5\uC5B4\uB958 \uC774\uC678\uC5D0\uB3C4, \uD478\uB978\uACE0\uB9AC\uBB38\uC5B4, \uCE98\uB9AC\uD3EC\uB2C8\uC544\uC601\uC6D0, \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uB9CE\uC740 \uBC14\uB2E4\uBC40\uACFC \uAC19\uC740 \uB2E4\uB978 \uC0DD\uBB3C\uB3C4 \uC774 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC744 \uAC00\uC9C0\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uD14C\uD2B8\uB85C\uB3C4\uD1A1\uC2E0\uC744 \uAC00\uC9C0\uACE0 \uC788\uB294 \uC0DD\uBB3C\uC740 \uC0AC\uC2E4 \uADF8 \uC790\uC2E0\uC774 \uC774 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC744 \uD569\uC131\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC774 \uC544\uB2C8\uB77C, Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis\uC640 \uAC19\uC740 \uCCB4\uB0B4\uC758 \uC138\uADE0\uC774 \uD569\uC131\uD55C \uAC83\uC744 \uC774\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uC544\uC9C1 \uC774 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC758 \uD574\uB3C5\uC81C\uB294 \uBC1C\uACAC\uB418\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC558\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C \uC911\uB3C5\uB418\uBA74 \uCE58\uC0AC\uC728\uC774 \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uB192\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC804\uBB38 \uC694\uB9AC\uC0AC\uAC00 \uC190\uC9C8\uD55C \uBCF5\uC5B4\uB97C \uC12D\uCDE8\uD558\uAE38 \uAD8C\uC7A5\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uB3C5\uC740 \uAC04, \uB09C\uC18C, \uB0B4\uC7A5\uC21C\uC73C\uB85C \uB9CE\uC73C\uBA70 \uBCF4\uD1B5 \uD3C9\uADE0\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uD55C \uB9C8\uB9AC\uB2F9 \uC131\uC778 33\uBA85\uC744 \uC8FD\uC77C \uC218 \uC788\uB294 \uB9F9\uB3C5\uC774\uBA70 \uB9E4\uB9AC\uBCF5, \uBCF5\uC12C, \uAC80\uBCF5\uC758 \uB3C5\uC131\uC774 \uAC15\uB825, \uBC00\uBCF5\uC740 \uBB34\uB3C5\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uBCF5\uC5B4\uC758 \uD53C\uBD80\uAC00 \uD751\uC0C9\uC774\uBA74 \uBB34\uB3C5, \uC554\uB85D\uC0C9\uC740 \uAC15\uB3C5\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uB3C5\uC740 \uB0B4\uC5F4\uC131\uC774\uB2E4. \uC5F4\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uAC70\uC758 \uC798 \uD30C\uAD34\uB418\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB294\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C \uBB34\uC0C9, \uBB34\uCDE8, \uBB34\uBBF8\uC758 \uD2B9\uC131\uC744 \uC9C0\uB2C8\uACE0 \uC788\uC5B4 \uAD6C\uBD84\uD558\uAE30 \uC5B4\uB835\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . "Tetrodotoksyna \u2013 wielofunkcyjny zwi\u0105zek chemiczny, silna trucizna znajduj\u0105ca si\u0119 w ciele niekt\u00F3rych gatunk\u00F3w ryb rozdymkokszta\u0142tnych, w tym w rybach fugu wykorzystywanych w kuchni japo\u0144skiej. Jej dzia\u0142anie polega na blokowaniu kom\u00F3rek nerwowych. Powstaje przy udziale bakterii symbiotycznych, ale mechanizmy wyzwalaj\u0105ce jej produkcj\u0119, transport i kumulacj\u0119 w ciele ryby nie zosta\u0142y poznane."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . "Tetrodotoksin, juga dikenal dengan nama \"tetrodox\" dan umumnya disingkat menjadi TTX, adalah sejenis neurotoksin yang dikenal tidak memiliki penawar racunnya. Walaupun telah terdapat penawar yang telah berhasil diujicobakan pada tikus, kajian lebih lanjut masih harus dilakukan untuk menentukan kemujaraban penawar racun ini pada manusia. Tetrodotoksin menghambat potensial aksi saraf dengan berikatan dengan pori-pori pada membran sel saraf."@in . . . "Tetrodotoxin (anhydrotetrodotoxin 4-epitetrodotoxin, tetrodonic acid, TTX) \u00E4r ett mycket starkt nervgift utan k\u00E4nt motgift, som bland annat f\u00F6rekommer hos vissa fiskar. Dess namn \u00E4r h\u00E4rlett fr\u00E5n Tetraodontiformes, den ordning av fiskar som innefattar bl\u00E5sfisk, piggsvinsfiskar, klumpfisk och tryckarfiskar. Flera arter inom denna ordning b\u00E4r p\u00E5 detta toxin. \u00C4ven om tetrodotoxin uppt\u00E4cktes i dessa fiskar och ocks\u00E5 finns i flera andra djurarter produceras det av vissa bakterier s\u00E5 som , vissa arter av Pseudomonas och Vibrio."@sv . . . . . . "Tetrodotoxina"@pt . . . . . . "\u30C6\u30C8\u30ED\u30C9\u30C8\u30AD\u30B7\u30F3 (tetrodotoxin, TTX) \u306F\u5316\u5B66\u5F0FC11H17N3O8 \u3067\u8868\u3055\u308C\u3001\u30D3\u30D6\u30EA\u30AA\u5C5E\u3084\u30B7\u30E5\u30FC\u30C9\u30E2\u30CA\u30B9\u5C5E\u306A\u3069\u306E\u4E00\u90E8\u306E\u7D30\u83CC\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u751F\u7523\u3055\u308C\u308B\u30A2\u30EB\u30AB\u30ED\u30A4\u30C9\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u4E00\u822C\u306B\u30D5\u30B0\u306E\u6BD2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77E5\u3089\u308C\u308B\u304C\u3001\u4ED6\u306B\u30A2\u30AB\u30CF\u30E9\u30A4\u30E2\u30EA\u3001\u30C4\u30E0\u30AE\u30CF\u30BC\u3001\u30D2\u30E7\u30A6\u30E2\u30F3\u30C0\u30B3\u3001\u30B9\u30D9\u30B9\u30D9\u30DE\u30F3\u30B8\u30E5\u30A6\u30AC\u30CB\u306A\u3069\u5E7E\u3064\u304B\u306E\u751F\u7269\u3082\u3053\u306E\u6BD2\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u7FD2\u6163\u6027\u304C\u306A\u3044\u305F\u3081\u93AE\u75DB\u5264\u3068\u3057\u3066\u533B\u7642\u306B\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002\u5206\u5B50\u91CF\u306F319.27\u3002\u540D\u79F0\u306F\u30D5\u30B0\u79D1\u306B\u7531\u6765\u3059\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . "T\u00E9trodotoxine"@fr . . . . . "\u0422\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0441\u0438\u043D \u2014 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043D\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043B\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u044F\u0434 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043E\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u043D\u0435\u0439\u0440\u043E\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044F. \u0411\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u043E\u0435 \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0442\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0441\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0440\u044B\u0431\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u043E\u0442\u0440\u044F\u0434\u0430 \u0427\u0435\u0442\u044B\u0440\u0451\u0445\u0437\u0443\u0431\u043E\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043D\u044B\u0435 (Tetraodontiformes), \u0432\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u044B\u0431\u0430 \u0438\u0433\u043B\u043E\u0431\u0440\u044E\u0445 (\u044F\u0434 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438, \u043C\u043E\u043B\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0438\u043A\u0440\u0435); \u043A\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435 \u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E, \u044F\u0434 \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0438\u043A\u0440\u0435 \u043A\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0430 (Taricha torosa), \u0443 \u0440\u044F\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044B\u0447\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u044B\u0431 (Gobiidae),\u0441\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0435\u0439 \u043B\u0435\u043E\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0434\u043E\u0432, \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043E\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435 \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0435\u0432 \u043C\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0438, \u0432 \u043A\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u0438 \u044F\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430-\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043B\u044F\u0433\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043A \u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0410\u0442\u0435\u043B\u043E\u043F\u044B (Atelopus), \u0432 \u0442\u043A\u0430\u043D\u044F\u0445 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430 Atergatis floridus \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445. \u0422\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0441\u0438\u043D \u043C\u043E\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438; \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u043D\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0435 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043E \u043E\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0438\u043C\u0431\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432, \u043E\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u043A\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0447\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0435."@ru . "238839"^^ . "\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A\u062A\u0631\u0648\u062F\u0648\u062A\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064A\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Tetrodotoxin)\u200F \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u064A\u062A \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0636\u0626\u064A\u0644\u0629 \u062C\u062F\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064A\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064A\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062A \u0644\u0644\u0636\u062D\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062F\u0629 \u0623\u064A\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u064A \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062A \u0644\u0627 \u064A\u0641\u0642\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062D\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064A\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645 \u064A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062A\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062F\u062E\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0645\u062C\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0645 \u0648\u064A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062A\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0626\u064A\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062F\u062E\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645 \u0648\u064A\u062C\u062F \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0646\u0641\u0648\u062E\u064A\u0629 \u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064A\u0635 \u0648\u063A\u064A\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u064A\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062D\u062F\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u062F\u0650\u0651 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0650 \u063A\u064A\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0648\u064A\u0629\u0650 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062A\u064A\u0646. \u0625\u0630 \u064A\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062F\u0651 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062F\u064A\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064A\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062F\u0651\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u0639\u0637\u064A\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u062C\u0647\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060C \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064A."@ar . . . . . . "Tetrodotoksin"@in . . . . . . . . . . "456484184"^^ . . "\u6CB3\u9B68\u6BD2\u7D20\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ATetrodotoxin\uFF0C\u7B80\u79F0TTX\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u5F37\u529B\u7684\u795E\u7D93\u6BD2\u7D20\uFF0C\u76EE\u524D\u4E26\u6C92\u6709\u6709\u6548\u7684\u89E3\u6BD2\u5291\uFF0C\u5B83\u6703\u548C\u795E\u7D93\u7D30\u80DE\u7684\u7D30\u80DE\u819C\u4E0A\u7684\u5FEB\u901F\u9209\u96E2\u5B50\u901A\u9053\u7D50\u5408\uFF0C\u4EE4\u795E\u7D93\u4E2D\u7684\u52D5\u4F5C\u96FB\u4F4D\u53D7\u963B\u622A\u3002 \u5B83\u7684\u540D\u5B57\u4F86\u81EA\u9B68\u5F62\u76EE\uFF0C\u56E0\u70BA\u6B64\u76EE\u4E0B\u7684\u9B5A\u985E\u5927\u591A\u5E36\u6709\u9019\u7A2E\u6BD2\u7D20\uFF0C\u5305\u62EC\u6CB3\u9B68\u3001\u7FFB\u8ECA\u9B68\u53CA\u9C57\u9B68\u7B49\u3002\u96D6\u7136\u9019\u7A2E\u6BD2\u7D20\u5E38\u898B\u65BC\u9019\u4E9B\u9B5A\u985E\u548C\u5176\u4ED6\u751F\u7269\u9AD4\u5167\uFF0C\u4E8B\u5BE6\u4E0A\u5B83\u662F\u7531\u9B5A\u985E\u9AD4\u5167\u4E00\u7A2E\u540D\u7232\u6CB3\u9B68\u6BD2\u7D20\u5047\u4EA4\u66FF\u55AE\u80DE\u83CC\uFF08Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis\uFF09\u7684\u7D30\u83CC\u6240\u7522\u751F\uFF0C\u5176\u4F5C\u7528\u539F\u7406\u57281964\u5E74\u7531\u7F8E\u570B\u675C\u514B\u5927\u5B78\u7684\u6962\u6A4B\u654F\u592B\u548C\u7D04\u7FF0\u00B7\u5A01\u723E\u905C\u00B7\u6469\u723E\u901A\u904E\u7535\u538B\u94B3\u6280\u8853\u767C\u73FE\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . "La tetrodotossina (TTX) \u00E8 una potente neurotossina; essa trae nome dalla famiglia dei Tetraodontidae (pesci palla), chiamati cos\u00EC per il loro \"becco\" formato da quattro larghi denti fusi, adatto a rompere conchiglie, crostacei e persino rametti di corallo. I tetraodontidi presentano batteri simbionti che producono la tetrodotossina, che si accumula nel fegato, nelle viscere e nella cute. La stessa tossina si riscontra nel fegato di Diodontidae (pesci istrice) e Ostraciidae (pesci scatola)."@it . "Tetrodotoksyna"@pl . . . . "Tetrodotoxin (anhydrotetrodotoxin 4-epitetrodotoxin, tetrodonic acid, TTX) \u00E4r ett mycket starkt nervgift utan k\u00E4nt motgift, som bland annat f\u00F6rekommer hos vissa fiskar. Dess namn \u00E4r h\u00E4rlett fr\u00E5n Tetraodontiformes, den ordning av fiskar som innefattar bl\u00E5sfisk, piggsvinsfiskar, klumpfisk och tryckarfiskar. Flera arter inom denna ordning b\u00E4r p\u00E5 detta toxin. \u00C4ven om tetrodotoxin uppt\u00E4cktes i dessa fiskar och ocks\u00E5 finns i flera andra djurarter produceras det av vissa bakterier s\u00E5 som , vissa arter av Pseudomonas och Vibrio. Giftverkan av tetrodotoxin visar sig i form av f\u00F6rlamning av andningen, vilket kan leda till d\u00F6den. \u00C4mnet uppn\u00E5r sin giftverkan genom att blockera aktionspotentialen i nervceller och muskelceller genom att binda till de sp\u00E4nningsberoende snabba natriumkanalerna i cellernas membran. Toxinets bindningsst\u00E4lle befinner sig vid \u00F6ppningen till den sp\u00E4nningsberoende Na+-kanalen liksom fr\u00E5n giftig algblomning. Toxinets verkningsmekanism uppt\u00E4cktes under tidigt 1960-tal av Toshio Narahashi vid Duke University."@sv . . . . . "Tetradotoxina"@ca . . "\u6CB3\u9B68\u6BD2\u7D20"@zh . . . "-2"^^ . "\u6CB3\u9B68\u6BD2\u7D20\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ATetrodotoxin\uFF0C\u7B80\u79F0TTX\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u5F37\u529B\u7684\u795E\u7D93\u6BD2\u7D20\uFF0C\u76EE\u524D\u4E26\u6C92\u6709\u6709\u6548\u7684\u89E3\u6BD2\u5291\uFF0C\u5B83\u6703\u548C\u795E\u7D93\u7D30\u80DE\u7684\u7D30\u80DE\u819C\u4E0A\u7684\u5FEB\u901F\u9209\u96E2\u5B50\u901A\u9053\u7D50\u5408\uFF0C\u4EE4\u795E\u7D93\u4E2D\u7684\u52D5\u4F5C\u96FB\u4F4D\u53D7\u963B\u622A\u3002 \u5B83\u7684\u540D\u5B57\u4F86\u81EA\u9B68\u5F62\u76EE\uFF0C\u56E0\u70BA\u6B64\u76EE\u4E0B\u7684\u9B5A\u985E\u5927\u591A\u5E36\u6709\u9019\u7A2E\u6BD2\u7D20\uFF0C\u5305\u62EC\u6CB3\u9B68\u3001\u7FFB\u8ECA\u9B68\u53CA\u9C57\u9B68\u7B49\u3002\u96D6\u7136\u9019\u7A2E\u6BD2\u7D20\u5E38\u898B\u65BC\u9019\u4E9B\u9B5A\u985E\u548C\u5176\u4ED6\u751F\u7269\u9AD4\u5167\uFF0C\u4E8B\u5BE6\u4E0A\u5B83\u662F\u7531\u9B5A\u985E\u9AD4\u5167\u4E00\u7A2E\u540D\u7232\u6CB3\u9B68\u6BD2\u7D20\u5047\u4EA4\u66FF\u55AE\u80DE\u83CC\uFF08Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis\uFF09\u7684\u7D30\u83CC\u6240\u7522\u751F\uFF0C\u5176\u4F5C\u7528\u539F\u7406\u57281964\u5E74\u7531\u7F8E\u570B\u675C\u514B\u5927\u5B78\u7684\u6962\u6A4B\u654F\u592B\u548C\u7D04\u7FF0\u00B7\u5A01\u723E\u905C\u00B7\u6469\u723E\u901A\u904E\u7535\u538B\u94B3\u6280\u8853\u767C\u73FE\u3002"@zh . . . . . "La t\u00E9trodotoxine (TTX) est une toxine (neurotoxique) isol\u00E9e pour la premi\u00E8re fois en 1909 et pr\u00E9sente chez certaines esp\u00E8ces de poisson, les t\u00E9traodons. Elle est appel\u00E9e \u00E9galement poison de Fugu, et poison de t\u00E9traodon. Elle a aussi \u00E9t\u00E9 isol\u00E9e dans d'autres esp\u00E8ces incluant le triton de Californie, le poisson-perroquet, certaines grenouilles, certains crabes (ex. : l'Atergatis), chez des \u00E9toiles de mer de la famille des Astropecten, chez le poulpe \u00E0 anneaux bleus, chez des limaces de mer (Babylonia japonica, Charonia sauliae, Tufufa lissostoma). On constate une pr\u00E9valence certaine dans l'oc\u00E9an Indien."@fr . . . "Tetrodotoxine (TTX) is een sterk neurotoxine. De naam is afgeleid van de vissenorde die het vergif bij zich draagt, namelijk de Tetraodontiformes. Over het algemeen bevindt het TTX zich in de kogelvis en de blauwgeringde octopus in verschillende organen. Voorbeelden zijn de huid, de lever en speekselklieren. De vrouwelijke kogelvis is giftiger dan de mannelijke. Dit komt doordat een deel van het TTX zich bevindt in de ovaria. De hoeveelheid TTX in een kogelvis hangt ook van het seizoen af. In het voortplantingsseizoen is de TTX-concentratie het hoogst."@nl . . . . . . . "Tetrodotoxine (TTX) is een sterk neurotoxine. De naam is afgeleid van de vissenorde die het vergif bij zich draagt, namelijk de Tetraodontiformes. Over het algemeen bevindt het TTX zich in de kogelvis en de blauwgeringde octopus in verschillende organen. Voorbeelden zijn de huid, de lever en speekselklieren. De vrouwelijke kogelvis is giftiger dan de mannelijke. Dit komt doordat een deel van het TTX zich bevindt in de ovaria. De hoeveelheid TTX in een kogelvis hangt ook van het seizoen af. In het voortplantingsseizoen is de TTX-concentratie het hoogst. Men dacht altijd dat TTX was, dus dat dieren het zelf produceren. Er zijn binnen een bepaalde soort veel verschillen in toxiciteit, die niet genetisch verklaarbaar zijn. Uit experimenten bleek dat diverse bacteri\u00EBn in staat zijn TTX te produceren. Enkele voorbeelden van deze bacteri\u00EBn zijn Pseudomonas-soorten, Photobacterium phosphoreum en Staphylococcus-soorten. Ook zijn er twee verschillende mogelijkheden beschreven voor het ontstaan van TTX in dieren. Bij de eerste route wordt het gif door bepaalde bacteri\u00EBn gemaakt in sediment en wordt het doorgegeven in de voedselketen, met als gevolg dat het gif zich ophoopt in organismen hoger in de voedselketen. De tweede route die beschreven is zegt dat het gif een product is van een symbiose of een parasitaire vorm van micro-organisme die zich in hogere organismen bevinden. TTX werkt op de natriumkanalen van de zenuwen en blokkeert daar de doorstroom van zenuwsignalen. TTX is zeer giftig, een dosis van 24 milligram is al voldoende om een mens te doden. In de Oosterschelde en de Nederlandse kustwateren is in 2015 een (voor Nederland) nieuwe soort snoerworm ontdekt die tetrodotoxine bevat. In 2016 is ook in mosselen uit de Oosterschelde tetrodotoxine aangetroffen in concentraties die boven de grenswaarde van 20 \u00B5g/kg uitkomen. Eerder was dit ook al in Britse mosselen en oesters het geval. Het is onduidelijk wat de bron van het gif is."@nl . "Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin. Its name derives from Tetraodontiformes, an order that includes pufferfish, porcupinefish, ocean sunfish, and triggerfish; several of these species carry the toxin. Although tetrodotoxin was discovered in these fish and found in several other animals (e.g., in blue-ringed octopuses, rough-skinned newts, and moon snails), it is actually produced by certain infecting or symbiotic bacteria like Pseudoalteromonas, Pseudomonas, and Vibrio as well as other species found in animals. Tetrodotoxin is a sodium channel blocker. It inhibits the firing of action potentials in neurons by binding to the voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve cell membranes and blocking the passage of sodium ions (responsible for the rising phase of an action potential) into the neuron. This prevents the nervous system from carrying messages and thus muscles from contracting in response to nervous stimulation. Its mechanism of action, selective blocking of the sodium channel, was shown definitively in 1964 by Toshio Narahashi and John W. Moore at Duke University, using the sucrose gap voltage clamp technique."@en . . . "\uD14C\uD2B8\uB85C\uB3C4\uD1A1\uC2E0(Tetrodotoxin, \uD654\uD559\uC2DD:C11H17N3O8)\uC740 \uC2E0\uACBD\uB3C5\uC758 \uD558\uB098\uB85C \uC2E0\uACBD\uC758 \uB098\uD2B8\uB968 \uCC44\uB110\uC758 \uC791\uC6A9\uC744 \uBC29\uD574\uD568\uC73C\uB85C \uD65C\uB3D9\uC804\uC704\uC758 \uAD50\uB780\uC744 \uC77C\uC73C\uCF1C \uB3C5 \uC791\uC6A9\uC744 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uD14C\uD2B8\uB85C\uB3C4\uD1A1\uC2E0\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uC774\uB984\uC740 \uC774 \uB3C5\uC131 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC744 \uAC16\uACE0 \uC788\uB294 \uC8FC\uC694 \uC0DD\uBB3C\uC778 \uBCF5\uC5B4\uBAA9\uC758 \uD559\uBA85\uC744 \uB530 \uC628 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uBCF5\uC5B4\uB958 \uC774\uC678\uC5D0\uB3C4, \uD478\uB978\uACE0\uB9AC\uBB38\uC5B4, \uCE98\uB9AC\uD3EC\uB2C8\uC544\uC601\uC6D0, \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uB9CE\uC740 \uBC14\uB2E4\uBC40\uACFC \uAC19\uC740 \uB2E4\uB978 \uC0DD\uBB3C\uB3C4 \uC774 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC744 \uAC00\uC9C0\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uD14C\uD2B8\uB85C\uB3C4\uD1A1\uC2E0\uC744 \uAC00\uC9C0\uACE0 \uC788\uB294 \uC0DD\uBB3C\uC740 \uC0AC\uC2E4 \uADF8 \uC790\uC2E0\uC774 \uC774 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC744 \uD569\uC131\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC774 \uC544\uB2C8\uB77C, Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis\uC640 \uAC19\uC740 \uCCB4\uB0B4\uC758 \uC138\uADE0\uC774 \uD569\uC131\uD55C \uAC83\uC744 \uC774\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uC544\uC9C1 \uC774 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC758 \uD574\uB3C5\uC81C\uB294 \uBC1C\uACAC\uB418\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC558\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C \uC911\uB3C5\uB418\uBA74 \uCE58\uC0AC\uC728\uC774 \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uB192\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC804\uBB38 \uC694\uB9AC\uC0AC\uAC00 \uC190\uC9C8\uD55C \uBCF5\uC5B4\uB97C \uC12D\uCDE8\uD558\uAE38 \uAD8C\uC7A5\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uB3C5\uC740 \uAC04, \uB09C\uC18C, \uB0B4\uC7A5\uC21C\uC73C\uB85C \uB9CE\uC73C\uBA70 \uBCF4\uD1B5 \uD3C9\uADE0\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uD55C \uB9C8\uB9AC\uB2F9 \uC131\uC778 33\uBA85\uC744 \uC8FD\uC77C \uC218 \uC788\uB294 \uB9F9\uB3C5\uC774\uBA70 \uB9E4\uB9AC\uBCF5, \uBCF5\uC12C, \uAC80\uBCF5\uC758 \uB3C5\uC131\uC774 \uAC15\uB825, \uBC00\uBCF5\uC740 \uBB34\uB3C5\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uBCF5\uC5B4\uC758 \uD53C\uBD80\uAC00 \uD751\uC0C9\uC774\uBA74 \uBB34\uB3C5, \uC554\uB85D\uC0C9\uC740 \uAC15\uB3C5\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uB3C5\uC740 \uB0B4\uC5F4\uC131\uC774\uB2E4. \uC5F4\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uAC70\uC758 \uC798 \uD30C\uAD34\uB418\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB294\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C \uBB34\uC0C9, \uBB34\uCDE8, \uBB34\uBBF8\uC758 \uD2B9\uC131\uC744 \uC9C0\uB2C8\uACE0 \uC788\uC5B4 \uAD6C\uBD84\uD558\uAE30 \uC5B4\uB835\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . "Tetrodotoxin.svg"@en . . . . . . . . "\u0422\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0441\u0438\u043D"@ru . . . . . . . . . "changed"@en . . . . . . . "\u062A\u064A\u062A\u0631\u0648\u062F\u0648\u062A\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064A\u0646"@ar . . . . "La tetrodotoxina, generalmente abreviada como TTX, es una neurotoxina mortal de actuaci\u00F3n potente y r\u00E1pida,\u200B derivada de las quinazolinas, de origen principalmente marino."@es . "La t\u00E9trodotoxine (TTX) est une toxine (neurotoxique) isol\u00E9e pour la premi\u00E8re fois en 1909 et pr\u00E9sente chez certaines esp\u00E8ces de poisson, les t\u00E9traodons. Elle est appel\u00E9e \u00E9galement poison de Fugu, et poison de t\u00E9traodon. Elle a aussi \u00E9t\u00E9 isol\u00E9e dans d'autres esp\u00E8ces incluant le triton de Californie, le poisson-perroquet, certaines grenouilles, certains crabes (ex. : l'Atergatis), chez des \u00E9toiles de mer de la famille des Astropecten, chez le poulpe \u00E0 anneaux bleus, chez des limaces de mer (Babylonia japonica, Charonia sauliae, Tufufa lissostoma). On constate une pr\u00E9valence certaine dans l'oc\u00E9an Indien."@fr . . . . . . "Tetrodotoxin"@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . "Tetrodotoxine"@nl . . "\u30C6\u30C8\u30ED\u30C9\u30C8\u30AD\u30B7\u30F3 (tetrodotoxin, TTX) \u306F\u5316\u5B66\u5F0FC11H17N3O8 \u3067\u8868\u3055\u308C\u3001\u30D3\u30D6\u30EA\u30AA\u5C5E\u3084\u30B7\u30E5\u30FC\u30C9\u30E2\u30CA\u30B9\u5C5E\u306A\u3069\u306E\u4E00\u90E8\u306E\u7D30\u83CC\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u751F\u7523\u3055\u308C\u308B\u30A2\u30EB\u30AB\u30ED\u30A4\u30C9\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u4E00\u822C\u306B\u30D5\u30B0\u306E\u6BD2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77E5\u3089\u308C\u308B\u304C\u3001\u4ED6\u306B\u30A2\u30AB\u30CF\u30E9\u30A4\u30E2\u30EA\u3001\u30C4\u30E0\u30AE\u30CF\u30BC\u3001\u30D2\u30E7\u30A6\u30E2\u30F3\u30C0\u30B3\u3001\u30B9\u30D9\u30B9\u30D9\u30DE\u30F3\u30B8\u30E5\u30A6\u30AC\u30CB\u306A\u3069\u5E7E\u3064\u304B\u306E\u751F\u7269\u3082\u3053\u306E\u6BD2\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u7FD2\u6163\u6027\u304C\u306A\u3044\u305F\u3081\u93AE\u75DB\u5264\u3068\u3057\u3066\u533B\u7642\u306B\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002\u5206\u5B50\u91CF\u306F319.27\u3002\u540D\u79F0\u306F\u30D5\u30B0\u79D1\u306B\u7531\u6765\u3059\u308B\u3002"@ja . .