. . . . . . . "Detta \u00E4r en tidsaxel \u00F6ver uppt\u00E4ckter av subatom\u00E4ra partiklar. Den inkluderar alla partiklar som hittills har uppt\u00E4ckts och som verkar vara element\u00E4ra (det vill s\u00E4ga odelbara) givet den b\u00E4sta tillg\u00E4ngliga bevisningen. Tidsaxeln inneh\u00E5ller \u00E4ven uppt\u00E4ckter av och antipartiklar som \u00E4r av s\u00E4rskild historisk betydelse. Inklusionskriterierna \u00E4r, mer specifikt:"@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u7C92\u5B50\u767A\u898B\u306E\u5E74\u8868"@ja . . . . . "Cronologia della scoperta delle particelle"@it . . . . "\u7C92\u5B50\u53D1\u73B0\u5E74\u8868"@zh . . . . . "Esta \u00E9 a cronologia da descoberta de part\u00EDculas subat\u00F3micas e das part\u00EDculas que at\u00E9 agora parecem ser part\u00EDculas elementares. Ela tamb\u00E9m inclui a descoberta de part\u00EDculas compostas e antipart\u00EDculas que tiveram uma particular import\u00E2ncia hist\u00F3rica. \n* 1895: Raio-X produzido por Wilhelm R\u00F6ntgen (mais tarde identificado como fot\u00E3o) \n* 1897: Electr\u00E3o descoberto por J.J. Thomson \n* 1899: Part\u00EDcula alfa descoberto por Ernest Rutherford nas radia\u00E7\u00F5es do ur\u00E2nio \n* 1900: Raio gama (um fot\u00E3o de grande energia descoberto por Paul Villard no decaimento do ur\u00E2nio. \n* 1911: N\u00FAcleo at\u00F3mico identificado por Ernest Rutherford, baseado no dispers\u00E3o observada por Hans Geiger e Ernest Marsden. \n* 1919: Prot\u00E3o descoberto por Ernest Rutherford \n* 1932: Neutr\u00E3o descoberto por James Chadwick (predito por Rutherford em 1920) \n* 1932: Antielectr\u00E3o (ou positr\u00E3o) a primeira antipart\u00EDcula, descoberta por Carl D. Anderson (proposto por Paul Dirac em 1927) \n* 1937: Mu\u00E3o (o mu lept\u00E3o) descoberta por Seth Neddermeyer, Carl D. Anderson, J.C. Street, e E.C. Stevenson, utilizando uma c\u00E2mara de nuvens para medir os raios c\u00F3smicos (foi confundido com o pion at\u00E9 a descoberta deste em 1947.) \n* 1947: P\u00EDon (or pi mes\u00E3o) descoberta por Cecil Powell (predito por Hideki Yukawa) em 1935) \n* 1947: K\u00E1on (ou K mes\u00E3o), a primeira part\u00EDcula estranha, descoberta por G.D. Rochester e C.C. Butler \n* 1955: Antiprot\u00E3o descoberto por Owen Chamberlain, Emilio Segr\u00E8, Clyde Wiegand e Thomas Ypsilantis \n* 1956: El\u00E9tron-neutrino detectado por Frederick Reines e (proposto por Wolfgang Pauli em 1931 para explicar a aparente viola\u00E7\u00E3o da conserva\u00E7\u00E3o de energia no decaimento beta ) Na altura era chamado s\u00F3 como neutrino porque s\u00F3 se conhecia um. \n* 1962: M\u00FAon-neutrino (ou mu neutrino) foi demonstrado ser distinto do El\u00E9tron-neutrino por um grupo chefiado por Leon Lederman \n* 1969: P\u00E1rton (constituinte interno do hadr\u00E3o) observado na experi\u00EAncias da entre prot\u00E3os e electr\u00E3o no SLAC; isto estava associado com o (predito por Murray Gell-Mann e George Zweig em 1964) e que constitui a descoberta do quark u, quark d e quark s. \n* 1974: J/\u03C8 mes\u00E3o descoberto pelo grupo chefiado por Burton Richter e , demonstrando a exist\u00EAncia do quark c (proposto por James Bjorken e Sheldon Lee Glashow em 1964) \n* 1975: Tauon (ou tau lepton) descoberto por um grupo chefiado por Martin Perl \n* 1977: Mes\u00E3o Upsilon descoberto no Fermilab, demonstrando a exist\u00EAncia do quark b (proposto por e Maskawa em 1973) \n* 1979: Glu\u00E3o observado indirectamente no [1] (p\u00E1gina En) en DESY \n* 1983: B\u00F3sons W e Z descoberto por Carlo Rubbia, Simon van der Meer, na experi\u00EAncia UA1 no CERN (predito em detalhe por Sheldon Glashow, Abdus Salam, e Steven Weinberg) \n* 1995: quark t descoberto no Fermilab \n* 1995: Anti-hidrog\u00E9nio produzido e medido na experi\u00EAncia LEAR no CERN \n* 2000: Tau-neutrino observado directamente no FermilabRefer\u00EAncia Geral"@pt . "\u7C92\u5B50\u767A\u898B\u306E\u5E74\u8868\uFF08\u308A\u3085\u3046\u3057\u306F\u3063\u3051\u3093\u306E\u306D\u3093\u3074\u3087\u3046\uFF09\u306F\u30011897\u5E74\u306E\u30B8\u30E7\u30BB\u30D5\u30FB\u30B8\u30E7\u30F3\u30FB\u30C8\u30E0\u30BD\u30F3\u306B\u3088\u308B\u96FB\u5B50\u767A\u898B\u304B\u3089\u3001\u73FE\u4EE3\u306B\u3044\u305F\u308B\u6A19\u6E96\u7406\u8AD6\u306B\u542B\u307E\u308C\u308B\u7D20\u7C92\u5B50\u3092\u4E2D\u5FC3\u3068\u3057\u305F\u7C92\u5B50\u306E\u767A\u898B\u306E\u6B74\u53F2\u3092\u307E\u3068\u3081\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u3057\u305F\u304C\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306E\u8868\u306B\u306F\u967D\u96FB\u5B50\u306A\u3069\u306E\u53CD\u7C92\u5B50\u3001\u73FE\u5728\u3067\u306F\u8907\u5408\u7C92\u5B50\u3068\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u30D0\u30EA\u30AA\u30F3\u3084\u4E2D\u9593\u5B50\u306A\u3069\u3082\u542B\u307E\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u3059\u3079\u3066\u306E\u767A\u7AEF\u306F\u30C8\u30E0\u30BD\u30F3\u306E\u5B9F\u9A13\u306B\u3042\u308B\u304C\u3001\u30C8\u30E0\u30BD\u30F3\u306E\u5B9F\u9A13\u306E\u80CC\u666F\u306B\u306F\u3001\u96FB\u6C17\u91CF\u306B\u6700\u5C0F\u5358\u4F4D\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3089\u3057\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30D5\u30A1\u30E9\u30C7\u30FC\u306E\u96FB\u6C17\u5206\u89E3\u306E\u5B9F\u9A13\u7D50\u679C\u304C\u3042\u3063\u305F\u30021881\u5E74\u306B\u30D8\u30EB\u30E0\u30DB\u30EB\u30C4\u304C\u5531\u3048\u305F\u539F\u5B50\u8AD6\u3067\u306F\u3001\u96FB\u6C17\u306E\u300C\u539F\u5B50\u300D\u3092\u6271\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3002\u30C8\u30E0\u30BD\u30F3\u304C\u8ABF\u3079\u3066\u3044\u305F\u5E0C\u8584\u6C17\u4F53\u4E2D\u306E\u653E\u96FB\u73FE\u8C61\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u306F\u3001\u3059\u3067\u306B\u30C7\u30FC\u30D3\u30FC\u304C\u78C1\u77F3\u306B\u5F71\u97FF\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u898B\u51FA\u3057\u3066\u304A\u308A\u30011858\u5E74\u306E\u30D7\u30E9\u30C3\u30AB\u30FC\u306E\u8AD6\u6587\u3067\u306F\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306B\u78C1\u529B\u306E\u5F37\u3055\u3068\u653E\u96FB\u306E\u66F2\u304C\u308A\u65B9\u306E\u95A2\u4FC2\u3092\u8ABF\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u30D2\u30C3\u30C8\u30EB\u30D5\u306F\u3001\u653E\u96FB\u304C\u7269\u8CEA\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3055\u3048\u304E\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793A\u3057\u305F\u3002\u3053\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u80CC\u666F\u304B\u3089\u3001\u30C8\u30E0\u30BD\u30F3\u306E\u767A\u898B\u304C\u751F\u307E\u308C\u305F\u3002\u3044\u3063\u305F\u3093\u96FB\u5B50\u304C\u767A\u898B\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3068\u3001\u305D\u306E\u5F8C\u306E\u9032\u6B69\u304C\u901F\u304B\u3063\u305F\u3053\u3068\u306F\u4EE5\u4E0B\u306E\u5E74\u8868\u304B\u3089\u3082\u8AAD\u307F\u53D6\u308C\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064A \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A"@ar . "1117817389"^^ . "Questa \u00E8 una cronologia delle scoperta delle particelle subatomiche, comprendenti tutte le particelle scoperte che sembrano essere elementari (vale a dire, indivisibili) date le migliori prove al momento disponibili. Vi sono incluse anche le scoperte delle particelle composte e le antiparticelle che sono state di particolare importanza storica. Pi\u00F9 specificamente, i criteri di inclusione sono: \u00C8 da notare che sono state scoperte molte altre particelle composte; come i mesoni ed i barioni."@it . . . . . . "\u8FD9\u662F\u4E00\u4EFD\u4F9D\u636E\u7C92\u5B50\u88AB\u53D1\u73B0\u5E74\u4EFD\u7684\u5148\u540E\u987A\u5E8F\u6765\u8FDB\u884C\u6392\u5E8F\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u60F3\u627E\u5230\u66F4\u8BE6\u7EC6\u7684\u5217\u8868\uFF0C\u8BF7\u53C2\u770B\u7C92\u5B50\u5217\u8868\u3002 \n* 1897: \u7535\u5B50\u88AB\u7EA6\u745F\u592B\u00B7\u6C64\u59C6\u5B59\u53D1\u73B0 \n* 1919: \u8D28\u5B50\u88AB\u6B27\u5185\u65AF\u7279\u00B7\u5362\u745F\u798F\u53D1\u73B0 \n* 1932: \u4E2D\u5B50\u88AB\u8A79\u59C6\u65AF\u00B7\u67E5\u5FB7\u5A01\u514B\u53D1\u73B0 \n* 1932: \u53CD\u7535\u5B50(\u6216\u6B63\u7535\u5B50) \u7F8E\u56FD\u7269\u7406\u5B66\u5BB6\u5361\u5C14\u00B7\u6234\u7EF4\u00B7\u5B89\u5FB7\u68EE\u5728\u5B87\u5B99\u5C04\u7EBF\u4E2D\u53D1\u73B0\u4E86\u5B83 \n* 1937: \u53D1\u73B0\u03BC\u5B50 \n* 1947: \u53D1\u73B0\u03C0\u4ECB\u5B50\uFF0C1935\u5E74\u6E6F\u5DDD\u79C0\u6A39\u9810\u6E2C\u4E86\u4ECB\u5B50\u7684\u5B58\u5728 \n* 1947: K\u4ECB\u5B50\u7531\u66FC\u5FB9\u65AF\u7279\u5927\u5B78\u548C\u53D1\u73B0 \n* 1955: \u53CD\u8D28\u5B50\u7531\u57C3\u7C73\u5229\u5965\u00B7\u585E\u683C\u96F7\u548C\u6B27\u6587\u00B7\u5F20\u4F2F\u4F26\u53D1\u73B0 \n* 1956: \u53D1\u73B0\u7535\u5FAE\u4E2D\u5B50\uFF0C\u6C83\u5C14\u592B\u5188\u00B7\u6CE1\u5229\u57281930\u5E74\u9884\u8A00\u5230\u5B83\u7684\u5B58\u5728\uFF0C\u514B\u840A\u5FB7\u00B7\u79D1\u6EAB\u3001\u5F17\u96F7\u5FB7\u91CC\u514B\u00B7\u83B1\u56E0\u65AF\u7B49\u4EBA\u5728\u5B9E\u9A8C\u4E2D\u8BC1\u5B9E\u4E86\u6CE1\u5229\u7684\u9884\u8A00 \n* 1962: \u03BC\u5FAE\u4E2D\u5B50\u88AB\u5229\u6602\u00B7\u83B1\u5FB7\u66FC\u3001\u6885\u5C14\u6587\u00B7\u65BD\u74E6\u8328\u548C\u6770\u514B\u00B7\u65BD\u6CF0\u56E0\u8D1D\u683C\u5C14\u53D1\u73B0 \n* 1974: \u4E24\u4E2A\u4E92\u76F8\u4E4B\u95F4\u72EC\u7ACB\u7684\u7814\u7A76\u7EC4\u5206\u522B\u9996\u6B21\u53D1\u73B0J/\u03C8\u4ECB\u5B50\u5176\u4E2D\u4E00\u4E2A\u7EC4\u662F\u4F2F\u987F\u00B7\u91CC\u514B\u7279\u9886\u5BFC\u7684\u53F2\u4E39\u4F5B\u76F4\u7DDA\u52A0\u901F\u5668\u4E2D\u5FC3\uFF0C\u53E6\u4E00\u4E2A\u7EC4\u662F\u9EBB\u7701\u7406\u5DE5\u5B66\u9662\u4E01\u8087\u4E2D\u9886\u5BFC\u7684\u5E03\u9C81\u514B\u9ED1\u6587\u56FD\u5BB6\u5B9E\u9A8C\u5BA4 \n* 1975: \u03C4\u5B50\u7531\u99AC\u4E01\u00B7\u4F69\u723E1977\u5E74\u767C\u73FE \n* 1983: \u53D1\u73B0W\u548CZ\u73BB\u8272\u5B50 \n* 1995: \u8D39\u7C73\u5B9E\u9A8C\u5BA4\u7684CDF\u548CD\u00D8\u4E24\u4E2A\u7814\u7A76\u56E2\u961F\u53D1\u73B0\u4E86\u9876\u5938\u514B \n* 2000: \u8D39\u7C73\u5B9E\u9A8C\u5BA4\u9996\u6B21\u53D1\u73B0\u03C4\u5FAE\u4E2D\u5B50 \n* 2012: \u53D1\u73B0\u5E0C\u683C\u65AF\u73BB\u8272\u5B50\u4F46\u8FD8\u6709\u5F85\u7269\u7406\u5B78\u8005\u8FDB\u4E00\u6B65\u5206\u6790\u6765\u5B8C\u5168\u786E\u5B9A"@zh . . . . "Questa \u00E8 una cronologia delle scoperta delle particelle subatomiche, comprendenti tutte le particelle scoperte che sembrano essere elementari (vale a dire, indivisibili) date le migliori prove al momento disponibili. Vi sono incluse anche le scoperte delle particelle composte e le antiparticelle che sono state di particolare importanza storica. Pi\u00F9 specificamente, i criteri di inclusione sono: \n* Le particelle elementari dal modello standard della fisica delle particelle che sono state cos\u00EC a lungo osservate. Il modello standard \u00E8 il modello esistente pi\u00F9 esaustivo riguardo al comportamento delle particelle; nessuna contraddizione sostanziale \u00E8 stata scoperta. Tutte le particelle del modello standard sono state verificate, e tutte le altre particelle osservate sono combinazioni di due o pi\u00F9 particelle del modello standard. \n* Le antiparticelle che sono state storicamente importanti per lo sviluppo della fisica delle particelle, specificamente il positrone e l'antiprotone. La scoperta di queste particelle ha richiesto metodi sperimentali molto diversi da quelli delle loro omologhe della materia ordinaria, fornendo la prova riguardo al fatto che tutte le particelle possiedono antiparticelle \u2014 un'idea questa fondamentale per la teoria quantistica dei campi, la moderna struttura matematica per la fisica delle particelle. Nel caso della maggior parte delle scoperte successive, la particella e la sua anti-particella venivano scoperte essenzialmente in modo simultaneo. \n* Le particelle composte che sono state le prime particelle scoperte contenenti un particolare costituente elementare, o la cui scoperta \u00E8 stata cruciale per la comprensione della fisica delle particelle. \u00C8 da notare che sono state scoperte molte altre particelle composte; come i mesoni ed i barioni. \n* 1885: i protoni scoperti da Eugen Goldstein. Tuttavia esso venne battezzato \"protone\" solo da Ernest Rutherford nel 1919, che ne comprese il reale ruolo. \n* 1895: i raggi X vennero prodotti da Wilhelm R\u00F6ntgen (pi\u00F9 tardi identificati come fotoni) \n* 1897: l'elettrone scoperto da J.J. Thomson \n* 1899: le particelle alfa scoperte da Ernest Rutherford nella radiazione dell'uranio \n* 1900: i raggi gamma (fotoni ad alta-energia) scoperti da Paul Villard nel decadimento dell'uranio. \n* 1911: i nuclei atomici identificati da Ernest Rutherford, in base alla dispersione osservata da Hans Wilhelm Geiger e Ernest Marsden. \n* 1932: i neutroni scoperti da James Chadwick (predetti da Rutherford nel 1920) \n* 1932: il positrone (ovvero l'antielettrone, detto anche positone), la prima antiparticella, scoperta da Carl David Anderson (proposta da Paul Dirac nel 1927) \n* 1937: il muone (o mu leptone) scoperto da Seth Neddermeyer, Carl D. Anderson, J.C. Street e E.C. Stevenson, utilizzando misurazioni con camera a nebbia dei raggi cosmici. (venne scambiato per pione fino al 1947.) \n* 1947: il pione (o pi mesone) scoperto da Cecil Frank Powell, C\u00E9sar Lattes e Giuseppe Occhialini (previsto da Hideki Yukawa nel 1935) \n* 1947: il kaone (o K mesone), la prima particella strana, scoperta da G.D. Rochester e C.C. Butler \n* 1955: l'antiprotone scoperto da Owen Chamberlain, Emilio Segr\u00E8, e \n* 1956: il neutrino elettronico rilevato da Frederick Reines e Clyde Cowan (proposto da Wolfgang Pauli nel 1931 per spiegare l'apparente violazione del principio di conservazione dell'energia nel decadimento beta) Il nome fu proposto da Enrico Fermi. Allora venne semplicemente riferito come neutrino poich\u00E9 vi era soltanto un neutrino conosciuto. \n* 1962: il neutrino muonico (o mu neutrino) veniva dimostrato di essere distinto dal neutrino elettrone da un gruppo capeggiato da Leon Lederman \n* 1969: i partoni (costituenti interni degli adroni) osservati negli esperimenti di tra protoni ed elettroni allo SLAC; questo venne alla fine associato con il modello di quark (previsto da Murray Gell-Mann e George Zweig nel 1964) e costituisce quindi la scoperta del quark up, quark down e quark strange. \n* 1974: il mesone J/\u03C8 scoperto dai gruppi capeggiati da Burton Richter e Samuel Ting, i quali dimostrarono l'esistenza del quark charm (proposto da James Bjorken e Sheldon Lee Glashow nel 1964) \n* 1975: il tauone (o tau leptone) scoperto dal gruppo capeggiato da Martin Lewis Perl \n* 1977: il mesone upsilon scoperto al Fermilab, che dimostr\u00F2 l'esistenza del quark bottom (proposto da Kobayashi e Maskawa nel 1973) \n* 1979: il gluone osservato indirettamente negli eventi a tre jet al DESY \n* 1983: i bosoni W e Z scoperti da Carlo Rubbia, Simon van der Meer e con la collaborazione del UA1 del CERN (previsto in dettaglio da Sheldon Glashow, Abdus Salam e Steven Weinberg) \n* 1995: il quark top scoperto al Fermilab \n* 1995: l'anti-idrogeno prodotto e misurato nell'esperimento LEAR al CERN \n* 2000: il neutrino tauonico (o tau neutrino), il primo osservato direttamente al Fermilab \n* 2012: il bosone di Higgs (o H\u00B0), il primo osservato al CERN \n* 2017: il barione Xi (Xi++cc) scoperto al CERN nell'esperimento Large Hadron Collider Beauty(LHCb) composto da un quark up e da 2 quark charm."@it . "2470776"^^ . "Berikut ini adalah garis waktu penemuan partikel dan perkembangan fisika partikel."@in . . . . . . . "Garis waktu penemuan partikel"@in . . . . . . . . . . . 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"\u8FD9\u662F\u4E00\u4EFD\u4F9D\u636E\u7C92\u5B50\u88AB\u53D1\u73B0\u5E74\u4EFD\u7684\u5148\u540E\u987A\u5E8F\u6765\u8FDB\u884C\u6392\u5E8F\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u60F3\u627E\u5230\u66F4\u8BE6\u7EC6\u7684\u5217\u8868\uFF0C\u8BF7\u53C2\u770B\u7C92\u5B50\u5217\u8868\u3002 \n* 1897: \u7535\u5B50\u88AB\u7EA6\u745F\u592B\u00B7\u6C64\u59C6\u5B59\u53D1\u73B0 \n* 1919: \u8D28\u5B50\u88AB\u6B27\u5185\u65AF\u7279\u00B7\u5362\u745F\u798F\u53D1\u73B0 \n* 1932: \u4E2D\u5B50\u88AB\u8A79\u59C6\u65AF\u00B7\u67E5\u5FB7\u5A01\u514B\u53D1\u73B0 \n* 1932: \u53CD\u7535\u5B50(\u6216\u6B63\u7535\u5B50) \u7F8E\u56FD\u7269\u7406\u5B66\u5BB6\u5361\u5C14\u00B7\u6234\u7EF4\u00B7\u5B89\u5FB7\u68EE\u5728\u5B87\u5B99\u5C04\u7EBF\u4E2D\u53D1\u73B0\u4E86\u5B83 \n* 1937: \u53D1\u73B0\u03BC\u5B50 \n* 1947: \u53D1\u73B0\u03C0\u4ECB\u5B50\uFF0C1935\u5E74\u6E6F\u5DDD\u79C0\u6A39\u9810\u6E2C\u4E86\u4ECB\u5B50\u7684\u5B58\u5728 \n* 1947: K\u4ECB\u5B50\u7531\u66FC\u5FB9\u65AF\u7279\u5927\u5B78\u548C\u53D1\u73B0 \n* 1955: \u53CD\u8D28\u5B50\u7531\u57C3\u7C73\u5229\u5965\u00B7\u585E\u683C\u96F7\u548C\u6B27\u6587\u00B7\u5F20\u4F2F\u4F26\u53D1\u73B0 \n* 1956: \u53D1\u73B0\u7535\u5FAE\u4E2D\u5B50\uFF0C\u6C83\u5C14\u592B\u5188\u00B7\u6CE1\u5229\u57281930\u5E74\u9884\u8A00\u5230\u5B83\u7684\u5B58\u5728\uFF0C\u514B\u840A\u5FB7\u00B7\u79D1\u6EAB\u3001\u5F17\u96F7\u5FB7\u91CC\u514B\u00B7\u83B1\u56E0\u65AF\u7B49\u4EBA\u5728\u5B9E\u9A8C\u4E2D\u8BC1\u5B9E\u4E86\u6CE1\u5229\u7684\u9884\u8A00 \n* 1962: \u03BC\u5FAE\u4E2D\u5B50\u88AB\u5229\u6602\u00B7\u83B1\u5FB7\u66FC\u3001\u6885\u5C14\u6587\u00B7\u65BD\u74E6\u8328\u548C\u6770\u514B\u00B7\u65BD\u6CF0\u56E0\u8D1D\u683C\u5C14\u53D1\u73B0 \n* 1974: \u4E24\u4E2A\u4E92\u76F8\u4E4B\u95F4\u72EC\u7ACB\u7684\u7814\u7A76\u7EC4\u5206\u522B\u9996\u6B21\u53D1\u73B0J/\u03C8\u4ECB\u5B50\u5176\u4E2D\u4E00\u4E2A\u7EC4\u662F\u4F2F\u987F\u00B7\u91CC\u514B\u7279\u9886\u5BFC\u7684\u53F2\u4E39\u4F5B\u76F4\u7DDA\u52A0\u901F\u5668\u4E2D\u5FC3\uFF0C\u53E6\u4E00\u4E2A\u7EC4\u662F\u9EBB\u7701\u7406\u5DE5\u5B66\u9662\u4E01\u8087\u4E2D\u9886\u5BFC\u7684\u5E03\u9C81\u514B\u9ED1\u6587\u56FD\u5BB6\u5B9E\u9A8C\u5BA4 \n* 1975: \u03C4\u5B50\u7531\u99AC\u4E01\u00B7\u4F69\u723E1977\u5E74\u767C\u73FE \n* 1983: \u53D1\u73B0W\u548CZ\u73BB\u8272\u5B50 \n* 1995: \u8D39\u7C73\u5B9E\u9A8C\u5BA4\u7684CDF\u548CD\u00D8\u4E24\u4E2A\u7814\u7A76\u56E2\u961F\u53D1\u73B0\u4E86\u9876\u5938\u514B \n* 2000: \u8D39\u7C73\u5B9E\u9A8C\u5BA4\u9996\u6B21\u53D1\u73B0\u03C4\u5FAE\u4E2D\u5B50 \n* 2012: \u53D1\u73B0\u5E0C\u683C\u65AF\u73BB\u8272\u5B50\u4F46\u8FD8\u6709\u5F85\u7269\u7406\u5B78\u8005\u8FDB\u4E00\u6B65\u5206\u6790\u6765\u5B8C\u5168\u786E\u5B9A"@zh . . . . . . . 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\u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0638\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064A \u0645\u0632\u064A\u062C \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062C \u0642\u064A\u0627\u0633\u064A \u0644\u0644\u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A. \n* \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0637\u0648\u064A\u0631 \u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062E\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0632\u064A\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062F \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062A\u0648\u0646. \u0641\u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u062A\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u062C\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0645\u062E\u0628\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062C\u062F\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u064A\u0631\u0627\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u062B\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062C\u0645\u064A\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0623\u0648 \u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062F\u2014 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062C\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0636\u064A\u0627\u062A\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B \u0644\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u062F\u064A\u062F\u0647 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062D\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0642\u0629 \u064A\u062A\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062D\u062F. \n* \u062A\u062D\u062A\u0648\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0647\u064A \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062F\u0642\u064A\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u062A\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062C\u062F\u064A\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u062F \u062A\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060C \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060C \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064A\u0629. \n* 1895 - \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0648\u0644\u064A\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062A\u062C\u0646 (\u0648\u0642\u062F \u062A\u0645 \u062A\u0639\u0631\u064A\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062D\u0642\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A). \n* 1897 - \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u062C\u0648\u0632\u064A\u0641 \u0637\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0646. \n* 1899 - \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0625\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062A \u0631\u0630\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062F \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0648\u0645 \n* 1900 - \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u063A\u0627\u0645\u0627 (\u0641\u0648\u062A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629) \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064A\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0636\u0645\u062D\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0648\u0645. \n* 1911 - \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0625\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062A \u0631\u0630\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062F \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062A\u0645\u0627\u062F \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0628\u0639\u062B\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0644\u0627\u062D\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0632 \u062C\u064A\u062C\u0631 . \n* 1919 - \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062A\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0625\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062A \u0631\u0630\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062F. \n* 1932 - \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064A\u0648\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u062C\u064A\u0645\u0633 \u062A\u0634\u0627\u062F\u0648\u064A\u0643 - \u0648\u0642\u062F \u062A\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0630\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062F \u0639\u0627\u0645 1920. \n* 1932 - \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062F \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0632\u064A\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062F\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 - \u0648\u0642\u062F \u062A\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062F\u064A\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1927. \n* 1937 - \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0633\u064A\u062B \u0646\u062F\u0631\u0645\u0627\u064A\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062F\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u062A\u0631\u064A\u062A \u0648\u0633\u062A\u064A\u0641\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060C \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062A \u063A\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u063A\u064A\u064A\u0645 (cloud chamber) \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629 (\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064A\u0639\u062A\u0642\u062F \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062E\u0637\u0623 \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1947.). \n* 1947 - \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0633\u064A\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0644 (\u0648\u0642\u062F \u062A\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u064A\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u064A\u062F\u064A\u0643\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1935) \n* 1947 - \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u060C \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0633\u062A\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u062A\u0644\u0631. \n* 1955 - \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062F \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062A\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0625\u0645\u064A\u0644\u064A\u0648 \u0633\u064A\u063A\u0631\u064A \u0648\u0623\u0648\u064A\u0646 \u062A\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0644\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u062C\u0644\u0627\u064A\u062F \u0648\u064A\u062C\u0627\u0646\u062F \u0648\u062A\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u064A\u0628\u0633\u064A\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0633. \n* 1956 - \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064A\u062A\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u064A\u062F\u0631\u064A\u0643 \u0631\u064A\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064A\u062F \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060C (\u0648\u0642\u062F \u062A\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0641\u063A\u0627\u0646\u063A \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064A \u0633\u0646\u0629 1931 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u062D\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u062A\u062D\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u062A\u0627). \n* 1962 - \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u064A\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u064A\u062A\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u064A\u0648\u062A\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u062A\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062F\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \n* 1969 - \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062A\u0648\u0646 (\u0623\u062D\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062F\u0631\u0648\u0646) \u0644\u0648\u062D\u0638 \u0644\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u062A\u062C\u0631\u0628\u0629 (Deep inelastic scattering) \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0641\u064A (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory)\u060C \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0623\u062F\u062A \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0643 (\u0648\u0642\u062F \u062A\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064A \u062C\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062C\u0648\u0631\u062C \u0632\u0641\u0627\u064A\u062C \u0633\u0646\u0629 1963) \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0644\u064A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064A \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0633\u0641\u0644\u064A \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u063A\u0631\u064A\u0628. \n* 1974 - \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u062A\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062A\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u062C\u062A\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0648\u064A\u0644 \u062A\u0646\u062C\u060C \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0625\u062B\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0633\u0627\u062D\u0631 (\u0648\u0642\u062F \u062E\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F\u0647 \u0628\u062C\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u062C\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1964) \n* 1975 - \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062A\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u062A\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062A\u0646 \u0628\u064A\u0631\u0644. \n* 1977 - \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062C\u0633\u064A\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u064A\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0641\u064A\u0631\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0625\u062B\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0642\u0639\u0631\u064A (\u0648\u0642\u062F \u062E\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648\u062A\u0648 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064A\u0627\u0634\u064A \u0648\u062A\u0648\u0634\u064A\u0647\u064A\u062F\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1973) \n* 1979 - \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u063A\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u062D\u062F\u062B \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u064A (three jet events) \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062F (German Electron Synchrotron \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062E\u062A\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627 DESY) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A. \n* 1983 - \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u062F\u0628\u0644\u064A\u0648 \u0648\u0632\u062F \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u064A\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062F\u064A\u0631\u0645\u064A\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u062A\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0633\u064A\u0631\u0646 UA-1. \u0648\u0642\u062F \u062A\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0635\u064A\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0646 \u062C\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0648 \u0648\u0645\u062D\u0645\u062F \u0639\u0628\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u062A\u064A\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u064A\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063A. \n* 1995 - \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0642\u0645\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064A\u0631\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u0628. \n* 1995: - \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0642\u064A\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064A\u062F\u0631\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u062A\u0645\u062A \u0642\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062A\u0647 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064A \u0645 \u0623 \u0628 \u0646 \n* 2000 - \u062A\u0645\u062A \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0638\u0629 \u062A\u0627\u0648 \u0646\u064A\u0648\u062A\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064A\u0631\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u0628. \n* \u064D 2011 - \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064A\u063A\u0632 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062F\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062F\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062F \u062A\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A \u00AB\u0628\u064A\u062A\u0631 \u0647\u064A\u063A\u0632\u00BB \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Timeline of particle discoveries"@en . . . . . . . . . "19600"^^ . . . "\u7C92\u5B50\u767A\u898B\u306E\u5E74\u8868\uFF08\u308A\u3085\u3046\u3057\u306F\u3063\u3051\u3093\u306E\u306D\u3093\u3074\u3087\u3046\uFF09\u306F\u30011897\u5E74\u306E\u30B8\u30E7\u30BB\u30D5\u30FB\u30B8\u30E7\u30F3\u30FB\u30C8\u30E0\u30BD\u30F3\u306B\u3088\u308B\u96FB\u5B50\u767A\u898B\u304B\u3089\u3001\u73FE\u4EE3\u306B\u3044\u305F\u308B\u6A19\u6E96\u7406\u8AD6\u306B\u542B\u307E\u308C\u308B\u7D20\u7C92\u5B50\u3092\u4E2D\u5FC3\u3068\u3057\u305F\u7C92\u5B50\u306E\u767A\u898B\u306E\u6B74\u53F2\u3092\u307E\u3068\u3081\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u3057\u305F\u304C\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306E\u8868\u306B\u306F\u967D\u96FB\u5B50\u306A\u3069\u306E\u53CD\u7C92\u5B50\u3001\u73FE\u5728\u3067\u306F\u8907\u5408\u7C92\u5B50\u3068\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u30D0\u30EA\u30AA\u30F3\u3084\u4E2D\u9593\u5B50\u306A\u3069\u3082\u542B\u307E\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u3059\u3079\u3066\u306E\u767A\u7AEF\u306F\u30C8\u30E0\u30BD\u30F3\u306E\u5B9F\u9A13\u306B\u3042\u308B\u304C\u3001\u30C8\u30E0\u30BD\u30F3\u306E\u5B9F\u9A13\u306E\u80CC\u666F\u306B\u306F\u3001\u96FB\u6C17\u91CF\u306B\u6700\u5C0F\u5358\u4F4D\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3089\u3057\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30D5\u30A1\u30E9\u30C7\u30FC\u306E\u96FB\u6C17\u5206\u89E3\u306E\u5B9F\u9A13\u7D50\u679C\u304C\u3042\u3063\u305F\u30021881\u5E74\u306B\u30D8\u30EB\u30E0\u30DB\u30EB\u30C4\u304C\u5531\u3048\u305F\u539F\u5B50\u8AD6\u3067\u306F\u3001\u96FB\u6C17\u306E\u300C\u539F\u5B50\u300D\u3092\u6271\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3002\u30C8\u30E0\u30BD\u30F3\u304C\u8ABF\u3079\u3066\u3044\u305F\u5E0C\u8584\u6C17\u4F53\u4E2D\u306E\u653E\u96FB\u73FE\u8C61\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u306F\u3001\u3059\u3067\u306B\u30C7\u30FC\u30D3\u30FC\u304C\u78C1\u77F3\u306B\u5F71\u97FF\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u898B\u51FA\u3057\u3066\u304A\u308A\u30011858\u5E74\u306E\u30D7\u30E9\u30C3\u30AB\u30FC\u306E\u8AD6\u6587\u3067\u306F\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306B\u78C1\u529B\u306E\u5F37\u3055\u3068\u653E\u96FB\u306E\u66F2\u304C\u308A\u65B9\u306E\u95A2\u4FC2\u3092\u8ABF\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u30D2\u30C3\u30C8\u30EB\u30D5\u306F\u3001\u653E\u96FB\u304C\u7269\u8CEA\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3055\u3048\u304E\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793A\u3057\u305F\u3002\u3053\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u80CC\u666F\u304B\u3089\u3001\u30C8\u30E0\u30BD\u30F3\u306E\u767A\u898B\u304C\u751F\u307E\u308C\u305F\u3002\u3044\u3063\u305F\u3093\u96FB\u5B50\u304C\u767A\u898B\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3068\u3001\u305D\u306E\u5F8C\u306E\u9032\u6B69\u304C\u901F\u304B\u3063\u305F\u3053\u3068\u306F\u4EE5\u4E0B\u306E\u5E74\u8868\u304B\u3089\u3082\u8AAD\u307F\u53D6\u308C\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . "This is a timeline of subatomic particle discoveries, including all particles thus far discovered which appear to be elementary (that is, indivisible) given the best available evidence. It also includes the discovery of composite particles and antiparticles that were of particular historical importance. More specifically, the inclusion criteria are: \n* Elementary particles from the Standard Model of particle physics that have so far been observed. The Standard Model is the most comprehensive existing model of particle behavior. All Standard Model particles including the Higgs boson have been verified, and all other observed particles are combinations of two or more Standard Model particles. \n* Antiparticles which were historically important to the development of particle physics, specifically the positron and antiproton. The discovery of these particles required very different experimental methods from that of their ordinary matter counterparts, and provided evidence that all particles had antiparticles\u2014an idea that is fundamental to quantum field theory, the modern mathematical framework for particle physics. In the case of most subsequent particle discoveries, the particle and its anti-particle were discovered essentially simultaneously. \n* Composite particles which were the first particle discovered containing a particular elementary constituent, or whose discovery was critical to the understanding of particle physics."@en . . . . . . . . . . "Esta \u00E9 a cronologia da descoberta de part\u00EDculas subat\u00F3micas e das part\u00EDculas que at\u00E9 agora parecem ser part\u00EDculas elementares. Ela tamb\u00E9m inclui a descoberta de part\u00EDculas compostas e antipart\u00EDculas que tiveram uma particular import\u00E2ncia hist\u00F3rica."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . "Cronologia da descoberta de part\u00EDculas"@pt . . . "Tidsaxel \u00F6ver partikeluppt\u00E4ckter"@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Detta \u00E4r en tidsaxel \u00F6ver uppt\u00E4ckter av subatom\u00E4ra partiklar. Den inkluderar alla partiklar som hittills har uppt\u00E4ckts och som verkar vara element\u00E4ra (det vill s\u00E4ga odelbara) givet den b\u00E4sta tillg\u00E4ngliga bevisningen. Tidsaxeln inneh\u00E5ller \u00E4ven uppt\u00E4ckter av och antipartiklar som \u00E4r av s\u00E4rskild historisk betydelse. Inklusionskriterierna \u00E4r, mer specifikt: \n* Element\u00E4ra partiklar fr\u00E5n standardmodellen f\u00F6r partikelfysik. Standardmodellen \u00E4r den mest omfattande befintliga modellen av partikelbeteende. Alla partiklar som f\u00F6rekommer i standardmodellen \u2013 inklusive Higgsbosonen \u2013 har verifierats, och alla andra observerade partiklar \u00E4r kombinationer av tv\u00E5 eller flera partiklar som f\u00F6rekommer i standardmodellen. \n* Antipartiklar som \u00E4r historiskt viktiga f\u00F6r utvecklingen av partikelfysiken, specifikt positronen och antiprotonen. Uppt\u00E4ckterna av dessa partiklar kr\u00E4vde v\u00E4ldigt annorlunda experimentella metoder, j\u00E4mf\u00F6rt med uppt\u00E4ckterna av deras materiella motsvarigheter. Detta bevisar att alla partiklar har en antipartikel \u2013 en id\u00E9 som \u00E4r grundl\u00E4ggande f\u00F6r kvantf\u00E4ltteorin, det moderna matematiska ramverket f\u00F6r partikelfysik. Vid de flesta efterf\u00F6ljande partikeluppt\u00E4ckterna, uppt\u00E4cktes partiklarna och deras antipartiklar v\u00E4sentligen samtidigt. \n* Sammansatta partiklar, vars uppt\u00E4ckt var den f\u00F6rsta partikelnuppt\u00E4ckten som inneh\u00E5ller en viss element\u00E4r best\u00E5ndsdel, eller var avg\u00F6rande f\u00F6r f\u00F6rst\u00E5elsen av partikelfysik."@sv . . . . . . "Berikut ini adalah garis waktu penemuan partikel dan perkembangan fisika partikel."@in . "This is a timeline of subatomic particle discoveries, including all particles thus far discovered which appear to be elementary (that is, indivisible) given the best available evidence. It also includes the discovery of composite particles and antiparticles that were of particular historical importance. More specifically, the inclusion criteria are:"@en . . . . . .