. . . "\u5468\u5EF7\u6F6E\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ATing-Chao Chou\uFF0C1938\u5E749\u67089\u65E5\uFF0D\uFF09\u7F8E\u7C4D\u534E\u88D4\u7406\u8BBA\u751F\u7269\u5B66\u5BB6\uFF0C\u764C\u75C7\u836F\u7269\u5B66\u5BB6\u3002\u8036\u9C81\u5927\u5B66\u535A\u58EB\uFF0C\u66FE\u4EFB\u5EB7\u5948\u5C14\u5927\u5B66\u6559\u6388\u53CA\u7EBD\u7EA6\u4E34\u5E8A\u524D\u836F\u7406\u4E3B\u4EFB\uFF0C\u4E5F\u662F\u4E2D\u56FD\u533B\u5B66\u79D1\u5B66\u9662\u540D\u8A89\u6559\u6388\u3002\u767C\u8868\u6578\u767E\u7BC7\u8AD6\u6587\uFF0CH\u6307\u6578\u70BA67\u3002"@zh . . . "1938-09-09"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "Ting-Chao Chou (born 1938 in Taiwan, Chinese name: \u5468\u5EF7\u6F6E) is a Chinese American theoretical biologist, pharmacologist, cancer researcher and inventor. His 353 scientific papers have been cited in 40,108 times in over 1,469 biomedical journals as of October 15, 2022. He derived the median-effect equation (MEE) from the physico-chemical principle of the mass-action law, and introduced the median-effect plot in 1976. With Paul Talalay of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, he derived the combination index equation (CIE) for multiple drug effect interactions, and introduced the concept of combination index (CI) for quantitative definition of synergism (CI<1), additive effect (CI=1), and antagonism (CI>1) using computerized simulations. This article has received 7,731 citations internationally in a broad spectrum of journals. Since all terms of MEE and CIE are dimensionless relativity ratio thus generally applicable regardless in vitro, in animals and in clinical trials, or physical states, resulting in econo-green bioresearch and new drug evaluation and bio-development. This integrated theory and algorithms allow conducting small number of dose-data points, conservation of laboratory animals and reducing the number of patients in clinical trials. Consequently, this allows saving time and cost and resources as well as increasing efficiency and cost-effectiveness in medical, pharmaceutical research and new drug development with automated computer simulation. With colleagues, T.C. Chou is inventor/co-inventor of 40 U.S. Patents, mainly for anticancer agents. He was induced to Johns Hopkins Society of Scholars in 2019."@en . . . . . . . . . "38904"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "* Median-effect Equation, the Unified Theory of the Mass-Action Law\n* Combination Index [CI] defines Synergism , Additive Effect and Antagonism with computerized simulations using Compusyn, CalcuSyn\n* Dose Reduction Index , Normalized Isobologram, and Polygonogram\n* Econo-Green Bio-research and Development\n* Quantitative Bio-Informatics\n* Fludelone, Iso-oxazole-Fludelone, Panaxytriols, Ardeemins\n* Illustration of Ancient Chinese Philosophy with Modern Sciences"@en . . . . . . . . "Pharmacological Institute of National Taiwan University College of Medicine"@en . "Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine"@en . . . . . . "40586690"^^ . . . . . . . "1124051084"^^ . . . . . . "1938-09-09"^^ . "Shinchiku, Taiwan under Japanese rule"@en . "Yale University"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u5468\u5EF7\u6F6E\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ATing-Chao Chou\uFF0C1938\u5E749\u67089\u65E5\uFF0D\uFF09\u7F8E\u7C4D\u534E\u88D4\u7406\u8BBA\u751F\u7269\u5B66\u5BB6\uFF0C\u764C\u75C7\u836F\u7269\u5B66\u5BB6\u3002\u8036\u9C81\u5927\u5B66\u535A\u58EB\uFF0C\u66FE\u4EFB\u5EB7\u5948\u5C14\u5927\u5B66\u6559\u6388\u53CA\u7EBD\u7EA6\u4E34\u5E8A\u524D\u836F\u7406\u4E3B\u4EFB\uFF0C\u4E5F\u662F\u4E2D\u56FD\u533B\u5B66\u79D1\u5B66\u9662\u540D\u8A89\u6559\u6388\u3002\u767C\u8868\u6578\u767E\u7BC7\u8AD6\u6587\uFF0CH\u6307\u6578\u70BA67\u3002"@zh . "Ting-Chao Chou (born 1938 in Taiwan, Chinese name: \u5468\u5EF7\u6F6E) is a Chinese American theoretical biologist, pharmacologist, cancer researcher and inventor. His 353 scientific papers have been cited in 40,108 times in over 1,469 biomedical journals as of October 15, 2022. He derived the median-effect equation (MEE) from the physico-chemical principle of the mass-action law, and introduced the median-effect plot in 1976. With Paul Talalay of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, he derived the combination index equation (CIE) for multiple drug effect interactions, and introduced the concept of combination index (CI) for quantitative definition of synergism (CI<1), additive effect (CI=1), and antagonism (CI>1) using computerized simulations. This article has received 7,731 citations inter"@en . . "Ting-Chao Chou"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kaohsiung Medical University School of Pharmacy"@en . . . "\u5468\u5EF7\u6F6E"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .