. . . . . . "Torque converter"@en . . . . . "El convertidor de par hidrodin\u00E1mico es una transmisi\u00F3n hidrodin\u00E1mica adicional al cambio autom\u00E1tico.Constituye el elemento de entrada del cambio autom\u00E1tico. El principio del convertidor de par lo aplic\u00F3 por vez primera , el a\u00F1o 1905, en la construcci\u00F3n naval. Por esa raz\u00F3n, el convertidor de par se designa a menudo como convertidor F\u00F6ttinger. Esta pieza es de suma importancia y el no cu\u00EDdarla o usarla de forma correcta puede llevar a que cause ser\u00EDas fallas en todo el motor y en casos mayores su totalmente descompostura."@es . . . . . "Momentomvandlare"@sv . . . . . "\u6DB2\u529B\u53D8\u77E9\u5668\uFF0C\u4EA6\u79F0\u626D\u529B\u8F6C\u6362\u5668\uFF0C\u662F\u5728\u6DB2\u529B\u8026\u5408\u5668\u7684\u57FA\u7840\u4E0A\u6539\u8FDB\u800C\u6210\uFF0C\u7528\u6765\u4F20\u9012\u65CB\u8F6C\u52A8\u529B\u3002\u5B83\u5C06\u52A8\u529B\u6E90\uFF08\u901A\u5E38\u662F\u53D1\u52A8\u673A\u6216\u7535\u673A\uFF09\u4E0E\u5DE5\u4F5C\u673A\u8FDE\u63A5\u8D77\u6765\uFF0C\u53EF\u540C\u6DB2\u529B\u8026\u5408\u5668\u4E00\u6837\u8D77\u5230\u79BB\u5408\u5668\u7684\u4F5C\u7528\uFF0C\u4F46\u4E0D\u540C\u7684\u662F\uFF0C\u626D\u77E9\u8F49\u63DB\u5668\u662F\u4EE5\u53EF\u4EE5\u6539\u8B8A\u529B\u77E9\u7684\u5927\u5C0F\u7684\u76EE\u7684\u70BA\u7531\u800C\u9810\u671F\u767C\u660E\u7684\u3002"@zh . . . . . "El convertidor de par hidrodin\u00E1mico es una transmisi\u00F3n hidrodin\u00E1mica adicional al cambio autom\u00E1tico.Constituye el elemento de entrada del cambio autom\u00E1tico. El principio del convertidor de par lo aplic\u00F3 por vez primera , el a\u00F1o 1905, en la construcci\u00F3n naval. Por esa raz\u00F3n, el convertidor de par se designa a menudo como convertidor F\u00F6ttinger. Esta pieza es de suma importancia y el no cu\u00EDdarla o usarla de forma correcta puede llevar a que cause ser\u00EDas fallas en todo el motor y en casos mayores su totalmente descompostura."@es . . "Hydrodynamick\u00FD m\u011Bni\u010D momentu (zkr\u00E1cen\u011B naz\u00FDv\u00E1n M\u011Bni\u010D momentu) je za\u0159\u00EDzen\u00ED umo\u017E\u0148uj\u00EDc\u00ED p\u0159enos to\u010Div\u00E9ho momentu mezi h\u0159\u00EDdeli s r\u016Fzn\u00FDmi ot\u00E1\u010Dkami. Vyu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 p\u0159itom proud\u011Bn\u00ED kapaliny uvnit\u0159 m\u011Bni\u010De, p\u0159i rozd\u00EDlu \u00FAhlov\u00FDch rychlost\u00ED doch\u00E1z\u00ED k n\u00E1soben\u00ED momentu. Zjednodu\u0161en\u00EDm m\u011Bni\u010De vznikne hydraulick\u00E1 spojka, kter\u00E1 nen\u00ED schopn\u00E1 moment zvy\u0161ovat."@cs . . "22751"^^ . . . "Hydrodynamick\u00FD m\u011Bni\u010D"@cs . . . "1120344789"^^ . . "\u30C8\u30EB\u30AF\u30B3\u30F3\u30D0\u30FC\u30BF\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E: torque converter\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u6D41\u4F53\u306E\u529B\u5B66\u7684\u4F5C\u7528\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u305F\u5909\u901F\u6A5F\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u300C\u30C8\u30EB\u30B3\u30F3\u300D\u3068\u7565\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3082\u591A\u3044\u3002"@ja . "\u30C8\u30EB\u30AF\u30B3\u30F3\u30D0\u30FC\u30BF\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E: torque converter\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u6D41\u4F53\u306E\u529B\u5B66\u7684\u4F5C\u7528\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u305F\u5909\u901F\u6A5F\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u300C\u30C8\u30EB\u30B3\u30F3\u300D\u3068\u7565\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3082\u591A\u3044\u3002"@ja . . . . . . "\u0413\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440"@ru . "Torque converter"@in . "\u0413\u0456\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043E\u0440 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. torque converter; \u043D\u0456\u043C. Drehmomentwandler m) \u2014 \u043C\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0437\u043C (\u043B\u043E\u043F\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u043E\u0441, \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u044F\u043C\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0456 \u0433\u0456\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0431\u0456\u043D\u0430), \u0449\u043E \u0437 \u0434\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0433\u043E\u044E \u0440\u0456\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0438 (\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438, \u043C\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0430) \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u044E\u0454 \u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0443\u0445."@uk . "\u0413\u0456\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043E\u0440 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. torque converter; \u043D\u0456\u043C. Drehmomentwandler m) \u2014 \u043C\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0437\u043C (\u043B\u043E\u043F\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u043E\u0441, \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u044F\u043C\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0456 \u0433\u0456\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0431\u0456\u043D\u0430), \u0449\u043E \u0437 \u0434\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0433\u043E\u044E \u0440\u0456\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0438 (\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438, \u043C\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0430) \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u044E\u0454 \u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0443\u0445."@uk . . . "A torque converter is a type of fluid coupling that transfers rotating power from a prime mover, like an internal combustion engine, to a rotating driven load. In a vehicle with an automatic transmission, the torque converter connects the power source to the load. It is usually located between the engine's flexplate and the transmission. The equivalent location in a manual transmission would be the mechanical clutch. The main characteristic of a torque converter is its ability to increase torque when the output rotational speed is so low that it allows the fluid coming off the curved vanes of the turbine to be deflected off the stator while it is locked against its one-way clutch, thus providing the equivalent of a reduction gear. This is a feature beyond that of the simple fluid coupling, which can match rotational speed but does not multiply torque and thus reduces power."@en . . . . . "\uD1A0\uD06C\uCEE8\uBC84\uD130"@ko . "Convertidor de par"@es . . . . "543407"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "Un convertisseur de couple est une variante de l'accouplement hydraulique, qui est employ\u00E9 pour transmettre une puissance entre un arbre moteur et un m\u00E9canisme."@fr . . "Conversor de bin\u00E1rio (portugu\u00EAs europeu) ou conversor de torque (portugu\u00EAs brasileiro) \u00E9 um dispositivo usado para transferir a for\u00E7a de rota\u00E7\u00E3o de um elemento motor (motor t\u00E9rmico, el\u00E9ctrico, etc) para um eixo de carga, ou movido. Conversor de torque \u00E9 uma modifica\u00E7\u00E3o do sistema de transmiss\u00E3o hidr\u00E1ulica (embreagem hidr\u00E1ulica) e \u00E9 comumente usado em autom\u00F3veis de transmiss\u00E3o autom\u00E1tica em substitui\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E0 embreagem manual, por fric\u00E7\u00E3o."@pt . . . . . . "\u6DB2\u529B\u53D8\u77E9\u5668\uFF0C\u4EA6\u79F0\u626D\u529B\u8F6C\u6362\u5668\uFF0C\u662F\u5728\u6DB2\u529B\u8026\u5408\u5668\u7684\u57FA\u7840\u4E0A\u6539\u8FDB\u800C\u6210\uFF0C\u7528\u6765\u4F20\u9012\u65CB\u8F6C\u52A8\u529B\u3002\u5B83\u5C06\u52A8\u529B\u6E90\uFF08\u901A\u5E38\u662F\u53D1\u52A8\u673A\u6216\u7535\u673A\uFF09\u4E0E\u5DE5\u4F5C\u673A\u8FDE\u63A5\u8D77\u6765\uFF0C\u53EF\u540C\u6DB2\u529B\u8026\u5408\u5668\u4E00\u6837\u8D77\u5230\u79BB\u5408\u5668\u7684\u4F5C\u7528\uFF0C\u4F46\u4E0D\u540C\u7684\u662F\uFF0C\u626D\u77E9\u8F49\u63DB\u5668\u662F\u4EE5\u53EF\u4EE5\u6539\u8B8A\u529B\u77E9\u7684\u5927\u5C0F\u7684\u76EE\u7684\u70BA\u7531\u800C\u9810\u671F\u767C\u660E\u7684\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . "Momentomvandlare (kallas \u00E4ven torque converter) \u00E4r en transmissionskomponent p\u00E5 ett fordon som p\u00E5 hydrauliskt vis sk\u00F6ter kraft\u00F6verf\u00F6ring. Den anv\u00E4nds ist\u00E4llet f\u00F6r koppling, fr\u00E4mst i kombination med automatv\u00E4xell\u00E5dor med planetv\u00E4xel. Ett pumphjul (som sitter p\u00E5 sv\u00E4nghjulet, vevaxeln) med skovelhjul (fungerar i princip som propellrar) \u00F6verf\u00F6r kraften via oljan till ett turbinhjul med skovelhjul p\u00E5. Pumphjulet har en frihjulsfunktion."@sv . . "El convertidor de parell hidrodin\u00E0mic \u00E9s una transmissi\u00F3 hidrodin\u00E0mica addicional al canvi autom\u00E0tic.El constitueix l'element d'entrada del canvi autom\u00E0tic. El principi del convertidor de parell el va aplicar per primera vegada Hermann F\u00F6ttinger, l'any 1905, en la construcci\u00F3 naval. Per aquesta ra\u00F3, el convertidor de parell es designa sovint com convertidor F\u00F6ttinger."@ca . . "Przek\u0142adnia hydrokinetyczna"@pl . . . . . . "\u0413\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043E\u0440 (\u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440) \u2014 \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0439 \u043A\u0440\u0443\u0442\u044F\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043C\u043E\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442 \u043F\u043E \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0435 (\u0438 \u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043F\u043E \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E). \u042F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0438\u0437 \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043C\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447, \u0432 \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043F\u043E\u0440\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043C\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0445 \u0441 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043C \u0432\u043D\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043E\u0442 \u043B\u0435\u0433\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u043C\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043D \u0434\u043E \u0441\u0443\u0434\u043E\u0432. \u0413\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0431\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0435, \u043E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044F \u043F\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0431\u0438\u043B\u044F \u0441 \u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0443\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044C\u0448\u0430\u044F \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043E\u043A \u043E\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043C\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u043B \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044F. \u0427\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0441 \u0410\u041A\u041F \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438."@ru . . . . . "Conversor de bin\u00E1rio (portugu\u00EAs europeu) ou conversor de torque (portugu\u00EAs brasileiro) \u00E9 um dispositivo usado para transferir a for\u00E7a de rota\u00E7\u00E3o de um elemento motor (motor t\u00E9rmico, el\u00E9ctrico, etc) para um eixo de carga, ou movido. Conversor de torque \u00E9 uma modifica\u00E7\u00E3o do sistema de transmiss\u00E3o hidr\u00E1ulica (embreagem hidr\u00E1ulica) e \u00E9 comumente usado em autom\u00F3veis de transmiss\u00E3o autom\u00E1tica em substitui\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E0 embreagem manual, por fric\u00E7\u00E3o. \u00C9 composto por tr\u00EAs elementos: bomba, estator (ou reactor) e turbina. A bomba \u00E9 permanentemente conectada ao motor, propriamente dito; o estator \u00E9 a parte fixa, respons\u00E1vel por direcionar o fluxo do fluido; a turbina \u00E9 a parte movida, permanentemente conectada \u00E0 caixa de velocidades, por exemplo. N\u00E3o existe contato entre a bomba e a turbina. O fluido que sai das palhetas da turbina \u00E9 direcionado para a bomba pelas palhetas do reator. A n\u00E3o exist\u00EAncia do reator implicava que o fluido iria atuar contra as palhetas da bomba absorvendo parte da sua energia. Direcionar o fluido a acelerando-o nas palhetas do reactor estamos n\u00E3o s\u00F3 a evitar perdas de energia mas a aumentar o bin\u00E1rio dispon\u00EDvel (da\u00ED o nome de conversor de bin\u00E1rio). O estator atualmente funciona usando uma embreagem unidirecional, permitindo que rode no mesmo sentido do conversor (da bomba e da turbina) a mais elevadas velocidades. Esta rota\u00E7\u00E3o do estator permite que reduzir o efeito reativo do fluido nas sua palhetas, minimizando o aquecimento do fluido, bem como as perdas de velocidade."@pt . . . . . . . . . . "\u0413\u0456\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440"@uk . . "Il convertitore di coppia \u00E8 un accoppiamento fluido che costituisce un'evoluzione del giunto idraulico, in particolare si tratta di un dispositivo idraulico utilizzato negli autoveicoli con cambio automatico per disaccoppiare il motore dal cambio e nei sistemi di propulsione marina per unire la potenza di due o pi\u00F9 motori sullo stesso asse. Nelle automobili la sua funzione principale \u00E8 di permettere al motore di rimanere in moto quando il veicolo si ferma. La caratteristica di questo dispositivo \u00E8 che trasmette la coppia in misura direttamente proporzionale alla differenza tra la velocit\u00E0 di rotazione dell'albero di uscita rispetto a quello d'entrata, detto slittamento. Se lo slittamento \u00E8 molto pronunciato, la coppia sull'albero di uscita pu\u00F2 essere anche superiore a quella applicata sull'albero di ingresso. La coppia trasferita dal convertitore tende poi a decrescere progressivamente a regimi di rotazione medio-alti, per poi ridursi a zero quando lo slittamento \u00E8 nullo (la velocit\u00E0 di rotazione dell'albero di uscita eguaglia quella dell'albero di ingresso). Quando il motore \u00E8 al minimo e il veicolo sta per fermarsi, il dispositivo non trasferisce quasi pi\u00F9 coppia, e realizza in pratica la separazione tra le parti, in modo che il motore non si arresti. In un veicolo a cambio manuale lo stesso compito \u00E8 svolto dalla frizione, con l'intervento per\u00F2 del guidatore. Il convertitore di coppia \u00E8 invece completamenteautomatico. Tuttavia, quel poco di coppia che trasmette anche col motore al minimo, fa s\u00EC che il veicolo tenda ad avere un po'di trascinamento in avanti (o indietro, se \u00E8 inserita la retromarcia), e per questo motivo per tenere fermo un veicolo dotato di cambio automatico con convertitore di coppia, \u00E8 sempre necessario tenere premuto il pedale del freno, o mettere il cambio in folle."@it . . "Hydrodynamick\u00FD m\u011Bni\u010D momentu (zkr\u00E1cen\u011B naz\u00FDv\u00E1n M\u011Bni\u010D momentu) je za\u0159\u00EDzen\u00ED umo\u017E\u0148uj\u00EDc\u00ED p\u0159enos to\u010Div\u00E9ho momentu mezi h\u0159\u00EDdeli s r\u016Fzn\u00FDmi ot\u00E1\u010Dkami. Vyu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 p\u0159itom proud\u011Bn\u00ED kapaliny uvnit\u0159 m\u011Bni\u010De, p\u0159i rozd\u00EDlu \u00FAhlov\u00FDch rychlost\u00ED doch\u00E1z\u00ED k n\u00E1soben\u00ED momentu. Zjednodu\u0161en\u00EDm m\u011Bni\u010De vznikne hydraulick\u00E1 spojka, kter\u00E1 nen\u00ED schopn\u00E1 moment zvy\u0161ovat."@cs . . . "Conversor de torque"@pt . . "\u30C8\u30EB\u30AF\u30B3\u30F3\u30D0\u30FC\u30BF"@ja . . . . "\u6DB2\u529B\u53D8\u77E9\u5668"@zh . . . . . . . . "Un convertisseur de couple est une variante de l'accouplement hydraulique, qui est employ\u00E9 pour transmettre une puissance entre un arbre moteur et un m\u00E9canisme."@fr . . . "Convertitore di coppia"@it . "Przek\u0142adnia hydrokinetyczna (nazywana te\u017C zmiennikiem momentu \u2013 z ang. torque converter) to przek\u0142adnia hydrauliczna, w kt\u00F3rej wykorzystywana jest energia kinetyczna cieczy, najcz\u0119\u015Bciej oleju hydraulicznego, jako medium przekazuj\u0105cego energi\u0119 z pompy (element czynny) do turbiny (element bierny). Pomi\u0119dzy pomp\u0105 a turbin\u0105 znajduje si\u0119 kierownica, zmieniaj\u0105ca parametry energetyczne cieczy. Cech\u0105 charakterystyczn\u0105 przek\u0142adni hydrokinetycznej jest brak sztywnego po\u0142\u0105czenia, co pozwala na nawet znaczne przeci\u0105\u017Canie przek\u0142adni, bez niebezpiecze\u0144stwa przeci\u0105\u017Cenia uk\u0142adu nap\u0119dowego. Wad\u0105 tej przek\u0142adni jest stosunkowo niska sprawno\u015B\u0107. Przek\u0142adnia hydrokinetyczna jest podstawowym elementem wi\u0119kszo\u015Bci automatycznych skrzy\u0144 bieg\u00F3w. W pocz\u0105tkowym okresie parowego nap\u0119du turbinowego statk\u00F3w by\u0142a stosowana jako reduktor i rewers. Wymaga\u0142a intensywnego ch\u0142odzenia wype\u0142niaj\u0105c\u0105 j\u0105 wod\u0105 zaburtow\u0105. Ze wzgl\u0119du na nisk\u0105 sprawno\u015B\u0107 zast\u0105piona przek\u0142adni\u0105 z\u0119bat\u0105. Przek\u0142adnia hydrokinetyczna by\u0142a tak\u017Ce stosowana w \"Luxtorpedach\" - spalinowych wagonach motorowych kursuj\u0105cych na sieci PKP w latach 1933 \u2013 1939 oraz w \u0142adowarce jednonaczyniowej \u0141-34 produkcji huty Stalowa Wola. Stosowana jest r\u00F3wnie\u017C w w\u00F3zkach wid\u0142owych Clark z silnikiem spalinowym Perkins. Pracuje w oleju."@pl . . . . . . . "Drehmomentwandler (hydrodynamisch)"@de . . . "Convertisseur de couple"@fr . . . . "A torque converter is a type of fluid coupling that transfers rotating power from a prime mover, like an internal combustion engine, to a rotating driven load. In a vehicle with an automatic transmission, the torque converter connects the power source to the load. It is usually located between the engine's flexplate and the transmission. The equivalent location in a manual transmission would be the mechanical clutch."@en . "El convertidor de parell hidrodin\u00E0mic \u00E9s una transmissi\u00F3 hidrodin\u00E0mica addicional al canvi autom\u00E0tic.El constitueix l'element d'entrada del canvi autom\u00E0tic. El principi del convertidor de parell el va aplicar per primera vegada Hermann F\u00F6ttinger, l'any 1905, en la construcci\u00F3 naval. Per aquesta ra\u00F3, el convertidor de parell es designa sovint com convertidor F\u00F6ttinger."@ca . . . . . . . "\u0413\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043E\u0440 (\u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440) \u2014 \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0439 \u043A\u0440\u0443\u0442\u044F\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043C\u043E\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442 \u043F\u043E \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0435 (\u0438 \u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043F\u043E \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E). \u042F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0438\u0437 \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043C\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447, \u0432 \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043F\u043E\u0440\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043C\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0445 \u0441 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043C \u0432\u043D\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043E\u0442 \u043B\u0435\u0433\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u043C\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043D \u0434\u043E \u0441\u0443\u0434\u043E\u0432. \u0413\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0431\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0435, \u043E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044F \u043F\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0431\u0438\u043B\u044F \u0441 \u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0443\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044C\u0448\u0430\u044F \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043E\u043A \u043E\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043C\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u043B \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044F. \u0427\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0441 \u0410\u041A\u041F \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438."@ru . . . "\uD1A0\uD06C\uCEE8\uBC84\uD130(torque converter)\uB294 \uB0B4\uC5F0\uAE30\uAD00\uACFC \uAC19\uC740 \uBC1C\uB3D9\uAE30\uB85C\uBD80\uD130 \uC624\uB294 \uD68C\uC804\uB825\uC744 \uD68C\uC804\uAD6C\uB3D9\uBD80\uD558\uB85C \uC804\uB2EC\uD558\uB294 \uC720\uCCB4 \uCEE4\uD50C\uB9C1\uC758 \uC77C\uC885\uC774\uB2E4. \uC790\uB3D9\uBCC0\uC18D\uAE30\uB97C \uC4F0\uB294 \uC790\uB3D9\uCC28\uC5D0\uC11C \uD1A0\uD06C\uCEE8\uBC84\uD130\uB294 \uC804\uC6D0\uC744 \uBD80\uD558\uC5D0 \uC5F0\uACB0\uC2DC\uD0A8\uB2E4. \uBCF4\uD1B5 \uAE30\uAD00\uC758 \uD504\uB809\uC2A4\uD50C\uB808\uC774\uD2B8\uC640 \uD2B8\uB79C\uC2A4\uBBF8\uC158 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0 \uC704\uCE58\uD55C\uB2E4."@ko . "Convertidor de parell"@ca . . . "Ein hydrodynamischer Drehmomentwandler oder F\u00F6ttinger-Wandler ist ein hydrodynamisches Getriebe.Es wurde von Hermann F\u00F6ttinger urspr\u00FCnglich f\u00FCr Schiffsantriebe entwickelt und sp\u00E4ter auch in Kraftfahrzeugen und Lokomotiven eingesetzt (siehe auch F\u00F6ttinger-Prinzip). In Kraftfahrzeugen mit Automatikgetriebe ist seit langer Zeit der spezielle Trilok-Wandler als Anfahrelement \u00FCblich. Die Besonderheit des Trilok-Wandlers ist, dass beim Anfahren mit geringem Drehmoment am Antrieb am stillstehenden oder mit kleiner Drehzahl rotienden Abtrieb ein hohes Drehmoment erzeugt wird. Der Wandler wechselt stufenlos und selbstt\u00E4tig von niedrigem Antriebsdrehmoment bei hoher Antriebsdrehzahl zu hohem Abtriebsdrehmoment bei niedriger Drehzahl oder im Stillstand bei konstanter Motorleistung. Der Wandlungsbereich liegt bei bis zu 1:3 (das Abtriebsdrehmoment ist das Dreifache des Antriebsdrehmoments). Im Allgemeinen kann jedes R\u00E4der-Getriebe sowohl Drehzahl- als auch ein Drehmomentwandler sein."@de . . . . "Ein hydrodynamischer Drehmomentwandler oder F\u00F6ttinger-Wandler ist ein hydrodynamisches Getriebe.Es wurde von Hermann F\u00F6ttinger urspr\u00FCnglich f\u00FCr Schiffsantriebe entwickelt und sp\u00E4ter auch in Kraftfahrzeugen und Lokomotiven eingesetzt (siehe auch F\u00F6ttinger-Prinzip). Im Allgemeinen kann jedes R\u00E4der-Getriebe sowohl Drehzahl- als auch ein Drehmomentwandler sein."@de . . "\uD1A0\uD06C\uCEE8\uBC84\uD130(torque converter)\uB294 \uB0B4\uC5F0\uAE30\uAD00\uACFC \uAC19\uC740 \uBC1C\uB3D9\uAE30\uB85C\uBD80\uD130 \uC624\uB294 \uD68C\uC804\uB825\uC744 \uD68C\uC804\uAD6C\uB3D9\uBD80\uD558\uB85C \uC804\uB2EC\uD558\uB294 \uC720\uCCB4 \uCEE4\uD50C\uB9C1\uC758 \uC77C\uC885\uC774\uB2E4. \uC790\uB3D9\uBCC0\uC18D\uAE30\uB97C \uC4F0\uB294 \uC790\uB3D9\uCC28\uC5D0\uC11C \uD1A0\uD06C\uCEE8\uBC84\uD130\uB294 \uC804\uC6D0\uC744 \uBD80\uD558\uC5D0 \uC5F0\uACB0\uC2DC\uD0A8\uB2E4. \uBCF4\uD1B5 \uAE30\uAD00\uC758 \uD504\uB809\uC2A4\uD50C\uB808\uC774\uD2B8\uC640 \uD2B8\uB79C\uC2A4\uBBF8\uC158 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0 \uC704\uCE58\uD55C\uB2E4."@ko . . "Il convertitore di coppia \u00E8 un accoppiamento fluido che costituisce un'evoluzione del giunto idraulico, in particolare si tratta di un dispositivo idraulico utilizzato negli autoveicoli con cambio automatico per disaccoppiare il motore dal cambio e nei sistemi di propulsione marina per unire la potenza di due o pi\u00F9 motori sullo stesso asse."@it . . . . . "Momentomvandlare (kallas \u00E4ven torque converter) \u00E4r en transmissionskomponent p\u00E5 ett fordon som p\u00E5 hydrauliskt vis sk\u00F6ter kraft\u00F6verf\u00F6ring. Den anv\u00E4nds ist\u00E4llet f\u00F6r koppling, fr\u00E4mst i kombination med automatv\u00E4xell\u00E5dor med planetv\u00E4xel. Ett pumphjul (som sitter p\u00E5 sv\u00E4nghjulet, vevaxeln) med skovelhjul (fungerar i princip som propellrar) \u00F6verf\u00F6r kraften via oljan till ett turbinhjul med skovelhjul p\u00E5. Pumphjulet har en frihjulsfunktion. M\u00E5nga momentomvandlare har en s\u00E5 kallad stator. Den medger utv\u00E4xling i momentomvandlaren s\u00E5 att vridmomentet \u00F6kar p\u00E5 bekostnad av varvtalet. Om momentomvandlaren saknar stator sker en slirning p\u00E5 n\u00E5gra procent i omvandlingen. P\u00E5 vissa momentomvandlare finns en funktion som kallas lock-up. Detta g\u00F6r att alltihop snurrar som en enhet, utan slirning. Det g\u00F6r att man sparar br\u00E4nsle, eftersom utv\u00E4xlingsf\u00F6rh\u00E5llandet \u00E4r detsamma genom hela momentomvandlaren (utv\u00E4xlingsf\u00F6rh\u00E5llande 1:1)"@sv . "Przek\u0142adnia hydrokinetyczna (nazywana te\u017C zmiennikiem momentu \u2013 z ang. torque converter) to przek\u0142adnia hydrauliczna, w kt\u00F3rej wykorzystywana jest energia kinetyczna cieczy, najcz\u0119\u015Bciej oleju hydraulicznego, jako medium przekazuj\u0105cego energi\u0119 z pompy (element czynny) do turbiny (element bierny). Pomi\u0119dzy pomp\u0105 a turbin\u0105 znajduje si\u0119 kierownica, zmieniaj\u0105ca parametry energetyczne cieczy. Przek\u0142adnia hydrokinetyczna jest podstawowym elementem wi\u0119kszo\u015Bci automatycznych skrzy\u0144 bieg\u00F3w. Stosowana jest r\u00F3wnie\u017C w w\u00F3zkach wid\u0142owych Clark z silnikiem spalinowym Perkins. Pracuje w oleju."@pl .