. . . . . . . . "\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062F\u064A\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u062A\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062A\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u062D\u0631\u0628 1870-1871 \u0648\u0628\u062F\u0623 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1877. \u0641\u064A \u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0645\u063A\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064A \u062A\u0644\u0643\u060C \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063A\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0628\u062F\u0623 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062E\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062B\u0645 \u062F\u0639\u0645\u062A \u062A\u062F\u0631\u064A\u062C\u064A\u0627\u060C \u0644\u0645 \u062A\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064A\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062A\u063A\u0637\u064A \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062A\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 70 \u0643\u064A\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062A\u0631\u060C \u0623\u064A \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060C \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0646\u062C\u0627\u062D\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062E\u0644\u062F\u062A \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064A \u0633\u0646\u0629 1896\u060C \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062F \u0633\u0646\u0629 1911."@ar . . . "Trams in Rouen"@en . . . . . . "250"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "27740896"^^ . . . . . "Ancien tramway de Rouen"@fr . . . . . . . . . "1953"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "There have been two separate generations of trams in Rouen. The first generation tramway was a tram network built in Rouen, Normandy, northern France, that started service in 1877, and finally closed in 1953. There were no trams at all in Rouen between 1953 and 1994, when the modern Rouen tramway opened. Horse-drawn carriages and omnibuses had started at the end of the 18th century and progressively improved, but were no longer enough to provide urban services in an age of industrial and demographic growth. Local officials therefore adopted the tramway as a new mode of transport. At first they were horse-drawn, and later steam-powered; the tramway was electrified in 1896. The network spread quickly through various city-centre districts on the right bank of the Seine, to reach the suburbs of the northern plateau, the hills of Bonsecours in the east, skirting around the textile valley of the River Cailly in the west, crossing the river and serving, in the south, the suburbs and industrial districts of the left bank. At its largest it covered 70 kilometres (43 mi) of route, the longest network in France during the Belle \u00C9poque, and contributed to the success of events in the town's history, such as the Colonial Exhibition of 1896 and the Norman Millennium Festival of 1911. Although the 1920s saw a slight growth in traffic, the network's expansion slowed to a halt. Private motoring had arrived to put an end to its monopoly. The rising power of buses and trolleybuses, the Great Depression in France, and above all the Second World War that ravaged Rouen and Normandy, condemned the tramway to death. The last trams stopped running in 1953, after seventy-six years of service. However, in 1994, a new Rouen tramway came to the Norman capital."@en . . . . . "Plan du tramway de Rouen.jpg"@en . "There have been two separate generations of trams in Rouen. The first generation tramway was a tram network built in Rouen, Normandy, northern France, that started service in 1877, and finally closed in 1953. There were no trams at all in Rouen between 1953 and 1994, when the modern Rouen tramway opened. At its largest it covered 70 kilometres (43 mi) of route, the longest network in France during the Belle \u00C9poque, and contributed to the success of events in the town's history, such as the Colonial Exhibition of 1896 and the Norman Millennium Festival of 1911."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062F\u064A\u0645"@ar . . . . . . . . . . ""@en . "\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062F\u064A\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u062A\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062A\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u062D\u0631\u0628 1870-1871 \u0648\u0628\u062F\u0623 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1877. \u0641\u064A \u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0645\u063A\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064A \u062A\u0644\u0643\u060C \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063A\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0628\u062F\u0623 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062E\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062B\u0645 \u062F\u0639\u0645\u062A \u062A\u062F\u0631\u064A\u062C\u064A\u0627\u060C \u0644\u0645 \u062A\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064A\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062A\u0628\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060C \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0645 \u0627\u062E\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1832. \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062F\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0645\u062C\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062A\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062E\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629. \u062A\u0645\u062A \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1896. \u0648\u0633\u0639\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u062A\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0646 \u0644\u062A\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A\u060C \u0645\u0631\u062A\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u060C \u0648\u0627\u062F\u064A \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064A 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062E\u0644\u062F\u062A \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064A \u0633\u0646\u0629 1896\u060C \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062F \u0633\u0646\u0629 1911. \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064A\u0641 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060C \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u062A\u0637\u0648\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0636\u0631\u064A \u0641\u064A 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\u0631\u062D\u0644\u0627\u062A\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1953\u060C \u0628\u0639\u062F 76 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1994\u060C \u0628\u062F\u0623 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062F."@ar . . "1110861790"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "(\"Rouen Tramways Company\")"@en . . . . . . . . . "1877"^^ . "1877"^^ . . "76000.0"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1953"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "L'ancien tramway de Rouen fut construit apr\u00E8s la guerre de 1870-1871 et mis en service en 1877. \u00C0 cette \u00E9poque de croissance industrielle et d\u00E9mographique, les anciens modes hippomobiles de transport, fiacres et omnibus en place depuis la fin du XVIIIe si\u00E8cle et progressivement renforc\u00E9s, ne suffisent plus \u00E0 assurer les dessertes urbaines. Les derni\u00E8res motrices cessent de circuler en 1953, apr\u00E8s 76 ans de service. Depuis 1994, un nouveau tramway a \u00E9t\u00E9 remis en exploitation dans la capitale normande."@fr . . "L'ancien tramway de Rouen fut construit apr\u00E8s la guerre de 1870-1871 et mis en service en 1877. \u00C0 cette \u00E9poque de croissance industrielle et d\u00E9mographique, les anciens modes hippomobiles de transport, fiacres et omnibus en place depuis la fin du XVIIIe si\u00E8cle et progressivement renforc\u00E9s, ne suffisent plus \u00E0 assurer les dessertes urbaines. Les \u00E9diles locaux d\u00E9cid\u00E8rent d\u2019adopter ce nouveau moyen de communication, invent\u00E9 aux \u00C9tats-Unis en 1832. D\u2019abord \u00E0 traction animale puis \u00E0 traction m\u00E9canique (vapeur), le tramway fut \u00E9lectrifi\u00E9 en 1896. Son r\u00E9seau s\u2019\u00E9tendit bient\u00F4t sur les diff\u00E9rents quartiers du centre de la ville sur la rive droite de la Seine, atteignit les municipalit\u00E9s du plateau nord, les hauteurs de Bonsecours \u00E0 l\u2019est, irrigua la vall\u00E9e textile du Cailly \u00E0 l\u2019ouest, franchit le fleuve et desservit, au sud, les faubourgs et banlieues industrielles de la rive gauche. Le tramway de Rouen couvrit alors l\u2019agglom\u00E9ration de 70 kilom\u00E8tres de lignes, le plus long r\u00E9seau \u00E9lectrique de France \u00E0 la Belle \u00C9poque, contribuant aux succ\u00E8s des \u00E9v\u00E9nements marquant l\u2019histoire de la ville : exposition coloniale de 1896, f\u00EAtes du mill\u00E9naire normand de 1911. M\u00EAme si les ann\u00E9es 1920 virent encore une l\u00E9g\u00E8re croissance du trafic, le d\u00E9veloppement du r\u00E9seau \u00E9tait termin\u00E9, la concurrence des nouveaux modes routiers de d\u00E9placement urbain mettait un terme \u00E0 son monopole. La mont\u00E9e en puissance des autobus et trolleybus, la crise des ann\u00E9es 1930, et surtout la Seconde Guerre mondiale qui ravagea la cit\u00E9 normande, condamn\u00E8rent le tramway \u00E0 la disparition. Les derni\u00E8res motrices cessent de circuler en 1953, apr\u00E8s 76 ans de service. Depuis 1994, un nouveau tramway a \u00E9t\u00E9 remis en exploitation dans la capitale normande."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "--01-02"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "Network map"@en . . . . "44876"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .