. . "\u901A\u5DDE\u4E8B\u4EF6"@en . . . . . . "POINT(116.80000305176 39.799999237061)"^^ . . . . "5732"^^ . . . "\u901A\u5DDE\u4E8B\u4EF6\uFF0C\u4EA6\u79F0\u901A\u5DDE\u8D77\u4E49\uFF0C\u662F\u7531\u5180\u6771\u9632\u5171\u81EA\u6CBB\u653F\u5E9C\u4E0B\u5C5E\u901A\u5DDE\u4FDD\u5B89\u968A\u7684\u4E2D\u570B\u4FDD\u5B89\u961F\u5458\u906D\u5230\u65E5\u519B\u8F70\u70B8\u60E9\u7F5A\u540E\uFF0C\u4E8E1937\u5E747\u670829\u65E5\u53D1\u751F\u8D77\u4E49\uFF0C\u5E76\u653B\u64CA\u5180\u6771\u9632\u5171\u81EA\u6CBB\u653F\u5E9C\u548C\u5C45\u4F4F\u5728\u901A\u5DDE\u57CE\u5185\u65E5\u672C\u4FA8\u6C11\u5B98\u5175\u6D6A\u4EBA\u7684\u4E8B\u4EF6\u3002 1937\u5E74\uFF0C\u5168\u9762\u4FB5\u534E\u6218\u4E89\u7206\u767C\u540E\uFF0C\u4E0E\u9A7B\u624E\u5728\u534E\u5317\u4E2D\u56FD\u519B\u961F\u53D1\u751F\u4E86\u4EA4\u706B\u30027\u670829\u65E5\uFF0C\u9A7B\u5B88\u5728\u901A\u5DDE\uFF08\u4ECA\u5317\u4EAC\u5E02\u901A\u5DDE\u533A\uFF09\u7684\u901A\u5DDE\u4FDD\u5B89\u961F\u4E0D\u582A\u65E5\u519B\u9A71\u4F7F\uFF0C\u5E76\u4E14\u53D7\u5230\u65E5\u519B\u8F70\u70B8\u60E9\u7F5A\uFF0C\u51B3\u5FC3\u6539\u5F26\u6613\u5E1C\uFF0C\u4E3A\u8868\u660E\u51B3\u5FC3\uFF0C\u5F00\u59CB\u5BF9\u901A\u5DDE\u5F53\u65F6\u7684\u65E5\u672C\u5C45\u7559\u5F53\u5730\u7684\u65E5\u672C\u519B\u961F\u548C\u4FA8\u6C11\u8FDB\u884C\u88AD\u51FB\u3002\u7136\u800C\uFF0C\u901A\u5DDE\u4FDD\u5B89\u961F\u7684\u8D77\u4E49\u5F53\u65F6\u6CA1\u6709\u5F97\u5230\u5B8B\u54F2\u5143\u9EBE\u4E0B\u3001\u99D0\u7D2E\u534E\u5317\u7684\u4E8C\u5341\u4E5D\u519B\u652F\u63F4\uFF0C\u6700\u7D42\u4E26\u7121\u6CD5\u7522\u751F\u8DB3\u5920\u6230\u7565\u5F71\u97FF\u3002 \u65E5\u65B9\u79F0\uFF1A\u901A\u5DDE\u4FDD\u5B89\u968A\u5C0D\u5C45\u7559\u7576\u5730\u7684\u7EA6420\u540D\u65E5\u672C\u50D1\u6C11\u9032\u884C\u8972\u64CA\uFF0C\u767E\u9918\u540D\u65E5\u672C\u50D1\u6C11\uFF08\u636E\u79F0\u591A\u6578\u662F\u8001\u5F31\u5A66\u5B7A\uFF09\u88AB\u6436\u52AB\u3001\u5F37\u59E6\u3001\u51CC\u8FB1\u548C\u6BBA\u622E\u3002\u5728\u8FDC\u4E1C\u56FD\u9645\u519B\u4E8B\u6CD5\u5EAD\u4E0A\uFF0C\u65E5\u65B9\u8B49\u8A00\u79F0\u901A\u5DDE\u4FDD\u5B89\u968A\u7684\u4E2D\u570B\u58EB\u5175\u6BBA\u6B7B\u7D04235\u500B\u65E5\u672C\u50D1\u6C11\u548C\u65E5\u97D3\u6D6A\u4EBA\u3002\u848B\u4E2D\u6B63\u4E8C\u6218\u540E\u51FA\u7248\u7684\u300A\u848B\u603B\u7EDF\u79D8\u5F55\u300B\u79F0\uFF1A\u88AB\u6740\u8005\u5168\u662F\u519B\u4EBA\uFF0C\u662F\u65E5\u672C\u5938\u5927\u4E86\u4E8B\u4EF6\u3002 7\u670830\u65E5\uFF0C\u56F4\u653B\u4E30\u53F0\u5357\u82D1\u7684\u65E5\u672C\u519B\u6740\u56DE\uFF0C\u5728\u897F\u4ED3\u6740\u5BB3\u901A\u5DDE\u767E\u59D3700\u4F59\u4EBA\uFF1B1980\u5E74\u4EE3\u5728\u5DE5\u5382\u65BD\u5DE5\u4E2D\uFF0C\u53D1\u73B0\u4EE58\u53F7\u94C1\u4E1D\u7A7F\u5165\u6BCF10\u4EBA\u9501\u9AA8\u8FDB\u884C\u6D3B\u57CB\u7684\u9057\u8FF9\u3002"@zh . "The Tungchow mutiny (Chinese and Japanese: \u901A\u5DDE\u4E8B\u4EF6; pinyin: T\u014Dngzh\u014Du Sh\u00ECji\u00E0n; r\u014Dmaji: Ts\u016Bsh\u016B jiken), sometimes referred to as the Tongzhou Massacre, was an assault on Japanese civilians and troops by the collaborationist East Hopei Army in Tongzhou, China on 29 July 1937 shortly after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident that marked the official beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War. In early 1937, Tongzhou was capital of the East Hopei Government, a Japanese puppet state controlling the strategic eastern district of Beijing. In July, a detachment of about 800 troops of the , under the command of General Song Zheyuan and loyal to the Kuomintang government, camped outside the walls of Tongzhou. Refusing to leave despite the strong protests of the Japanese garrison commander, the Japanese did not know that General Sung had reached an agreement with East Hopei leader Yin Ju-keng, who hoped to use Sung's Kuomintang troops to rid himself of his Japanese overlords. On 27 July, the Japanese commander demanded that the Kuomintang soldiers disarm. They refused, and fighting erupted the following day, in which the outnumbered and outgunned Chinese troops were trapped between the Japanese and the city wall. However, the Kuomintang Chinese troops' unwillingness to surrender in what was essentially a suicide mission strongly affected the Japanese-trained 1st and 2nd Corps of the East Hopei Army who were attached to the Japanese army. East Hopei Army units refused to press the attack, so Japanese troops bombed their barracks on the evening of 28 July. On midnight of 28 July, some 5,000 troops of the 1st and 2nd Corps of the East Hopei Army mutinied, turning against the Japanese garrison. There are several views as to the cause of the mutiny of the East Hopei Army. \n* Revenge against Japan for the aforementioned bombing. \n* Propaganda radio broadcasts by the Kuomintang which made them believe that the KMT had won at the Marco Polo Bridge. \n* The conclusion of a secret agreement between the KMT and the East Hopei Government. \n* Indignation at the flood of opium drugs countenanced by the East Hopei Government. In addition to Japanese military personnel, approximately 260 non-Chinese civilians living in Tongzhou in accordance with the Boxer Protocol of 1901 were killed in the uprising. An American journalist who visited the site reported that 117 Japanese and 106 Korean civilians were killed; Chiang Kai-shek's private diaries (published in the 1970s) recorded 104 Japanese and 108 Korean casualties. Approximately 60 foreign civilians survived and they provided both journalists and later historians with firsthand witness accounts. The Chinese set fire to and destroyed much of the city. Anti-Chinese sentiments were further intensified in Japan. The popular Japanese slogan in those days was \"To punish China the outrageous\"(\u66B4\u623B\u652F\u90A3\u81BA\u61F2) B\u014Drei Shina Y\u014Dch\u014D or its shorter version Chinese: \u66B4\u652F\u81BA\u61F2; pinyin: B\u014Dshi Y\u014Dch\u014D. The Japanese military adventurists stationed in China used this incident to justify further military operations under the pretext of protecting Japanese lives and properties in and around Beijing. After World War II the Japanese defense team at the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal) submitted the official statement made in 1937 by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan as the inevitable cause of the Sino-Japanese conflicts, but presiding judge Sir William Webb KBE rejected it as evidence."@en . . . "1118426166"^^ . . "Mutinerie de Tongzhou"@fr . "\u041C\u044F\u0442\u0435\u0436 \u0432 \u0422\u0443\u043D\u0447\u0436\u043E\u0443 (\u044F\u043F. \u901A\u5DDE\u4E8B\u4EF6, \u043A\u0438\u0442. \u0443\u043F\u0440. \u901A\u5DDE\u4E8B\u4EF6, \u043F\u0438\u043D\u044C\u0438\u043D\u044C T\u014Dngzh\u014Du Sh\u00ECji\u00E0n) \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0451\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043D\u0430 \u044F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043E\u043B\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u043C\u0438\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439 29 \u0438\u044E\u043B\u044F 1937 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0422\u0443\u043D\u0447\u0436\u043E\u0443 (\u043D\u044B\u043D\u0435 \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043E\u043D \u041F\u0435\u043A\u0438\u043D\u0430) \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0412\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E-\u0425\u044D\u0431\u044D\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0438\u0438. \u042D\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043D\u044F \u0448\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u044F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043C\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u0438 \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u0432 \u043A\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043E\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u044F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044F \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043E\u043D\u0435 \u0411\u044D\u0439\u043F\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043B\u044C\u044E \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044B \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043C\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u044F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043D."@ru . . "Der Tongzhou-Zwischenfall (chinesisch \u901A\u5DDE\u4E8B\u4EF6, Pinyin T\u014Dngzh\u014Du Sh\u00ECji\u00E0n, jap. Ts\u016Bsh\u016B Jiken), manchmal auch die Tongzhou-Rebellion genannt, fand am 29. Juli 1937 kurz nach Beginn des Zweiten Japanisch-Chinesischen Krieges und w\u00E4hrend der Schlacht um Peking-Tianjin in Tongzhou, einem \u00F6stlichen Stadtteil von Peking statt. Dabei griffen Soldaten der chinesischen ihre japanischen Ausbilder und mit den Japanern kollaborierende chinesische Offiziere an. Im strategisch wichtigen Tongzhou waren zu dieser Zeit japanische Truppen stationiert und eine Marionettenverwaltung der Japaner, der Ost-Hebei-Autonomierat, etabliert worden. Zwei Tage zuvor hatte die Kaiserlich Japanische Armee versucht, etwa 800 Soldaten der Kuomintang (KMT), die in Tongzhou lagerten, zu entwaffnen. Diese leisteten Widerstand und rund 500 von ihnen wurden von den Japanern an der Stadtmauer zur Exekution aufgestellt und hingerichtet. \u00DCberlebenden KMT-Soldaten gelang es kurz darauf, sich mit Truppen der Ost-Hebei-Garnison in der Stadt zu verb\u00FCnden. Am 29. Juli erhoben sich bis zu 5.000 Mann des I. und II. Korps der Garnison mit den KMT-Angeh\u00F6rigen gegen ihre japanischen Vorgesetzten und Ausbilder des Trainingscamps. Dabei kamen 20 japanische Milit\u00E4rangeh\u00F6rige und etwa 250 japanische Zivilisten ums Leben. 60 Zivilisten der japanischen Verwaltung konnten sich retten und \u00FCberlebten. Das Verwaltungsgeb\u00E4ude wurde fast vollst\u00E4ndig verw\u00FCstet und (\u6BB7\u6C5D\u8015, Y\u012Bn R\u00FAg\u0113ng), der kommissarische Distriktverwalter der demilitarisierten Zone von Hebei, wurde verhaftet. Erst eintreffende japanische Verst\u00E4rkung konnte den Aufstand niederschlagen und Yin befreien. Die japanische Rechte (uyoku) wirft den Chinesen bis in die heutige Zeit vor, w\u00E4hrend des Aufstands Gr\u00E4ueltaten ver\u00FCbt zu haben. Im Gegenzug wird von den Chinesen zwar der Zwischenfall eingestanden, aber der Vorwurf gegen die Japaner erhoben, unter anderem mit diesem ihre \u201Efriedliche Milit\u00E4rkampagne\u201C gegen China begr\u00FCndet zu haben bzw. durch das \u00DCberbewerten der japanischen Zivilopfer vom japanischen Massaker in Nanking abzulenken."@de . . "\u041C\u044F\u0442\u0435\u0436 \u0432 \u0422\u0443\u043D\u0447\u0436\u043E\u0443 (\u044F\u043F. \u901A\u5DDE\u4E8B\u4EF6, \u043A\u0438\u0442. \u0443\u043F\u0440. \u901A\u5DDE\u4E8B\u4EF6, \u043F\u0438\u043D\u044C\u0438\u043D\u044C T\u014Dngzh\u014Du Sh\u00ECji\u00E0n) \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0451\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043D\u0430 \u044F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043E\u043B\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u043C\u0438\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439 29 \u0438\u044E\u043B\u044F 1937 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0422\u0443\u043D\u0447\u0436\u043E\u0443 (\u043D\u044B\u043D\u0435 \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043E\u043D \u041F\u0435\u043A\u0438\u043D\u0430) \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0412\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E-\u0425\u044D\u0431\u044D\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0438\u0438. \u0412 1935 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u042F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0438\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044F \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043D\u0430 \u043E\u043A\u043A\u0443\u043F\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0435\u044E \u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0425\u044D\u0431\u044D\u0439 \u043C\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043B\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u00AB\u0410\u043D\u0442\u0438\u043A\u043E\u043C\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 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\u043E\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u044F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044F \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043E\u043D\u0435 \u0411\u044D\u0439\u043F\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043B\u044C\u044E \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044B \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043C\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u044F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043D."@ru . . "Tongzhou-Zwischenfall"@de . "\u901A\u5DDE\u4E8B\u4EF6"@zh . "B\u014Dshi Y\u014Dch\u014D"@en . "\u901A\u5DDE\u4E8B\u4EF6"@en . . . . . . "Der Tongzhou-Zwischenfall (chinesisch \u901A\u5DDE\u4E8B\u4EF6, Pinyin T\u014Dngzh\u014Du Sh\u00ECji\u00E0n, jap. Ts\u016Bsh\u016B Jiken), manchmal auch die Tongzhou-Rebellion genannt, fand am 29. Juli 1937 kurz nach Beginn des Zweiten Japanisch-Chinesischen Krieges und w\u00E4hrend der Schlacht um Peking-Tianjin in Tongzhou, einem \u00F6stlichen Stadtteil von Peking statt. Dabei griffen Soldaten der chinesischen ihre japanischen Ausbilder und mit den Japanern kollaborierende chinesische Offiziere an."@de . . . . "Le nom de mutinerie de Tongzhou (\u901A\u5DDE\u4E8B\u4EF6; pinyin : T\u014Dngzh\u014Du Sh\u00ECji\u00E0n), \u00E9galement d\u00E9sign\u00E9e sous le nom d'incident de Tongzhou d\u00E9signe une attaque men\u00E9e par les troupes chinoises contre les soldats et civils japonais dans le district de Tongzhou. Elle se d\u00E9roula le 29 juillet 1937, quelques semaines apr\u00E8s l'incident du pont Marco Polo, qui avait d\u00E9clench\u00E9 la seconde Guerre sino-japonaise."@fr . . . . . . . . . "Mot\u00EDn de Tungchow"@es . . . . . "El Mot\u00EDn de Tungchow (en chino y japon\u00E9s: \u901A\u5DDE\u4E8B\u4EF6; en pinyin: T\u014Dngzh\u014Du Sh\u00ECji\u00E0n; en r\u014Dmaji: Ts\u016Bsh\u016B jiken) a veces referido como el Incidente de Tongzhou, fue un asalto a civiles y tropas japonesas por el colaboracionista Ej\u00E9rcito de Hebei Oriental en Tongzhou el 29 de julio de 1937, poco despu\u00E9s del Incidente del Puente de Marco Polo que marc\u00F3 el comienzo oficial de la Segunda guerra sino-japonesa. A principios de 1937, Tongzhou era la capital del gobierno de Hebei Oriental, un estado t\u00EDtere japon\u00E9s que controlaba el estrat\u00E9gico distrito oriental de Beijing. En julio, un destacamento de unas 800 tropas del 29.\u00BA Ej\u00E9rcito chino, bajo el mando del general y leal al gobierno del Kuomintang, acamparon fuera de los muros de Tongzhou. Al negarse a irse a pesar de las fuertes protestas del comandante de la guarnici\u00F3n japonesa,\u200B los japoneses no sab\u00EDan que el general Sung hab\u00EDa llegado a un acuerdo con el l\u00EDder de Hebei Oriental, Yin Ju-keng, quien esperaba usar las tropas del Kuomintang de Sung para deshacerse de sus jefes japoneses. El 27 de julio, el comandante japon\u00E9s exigi\u00F3 que los soldados del Kuomintang se desarmaran. Cuando se negaron, estall\u00F3 la lucha al d\u00EDa siguiente, y las tropas chinas, superadas en n\u00FAmero y en armas, quedaron atrapadas entre los japoneses y la muralla de la ciudad. Sin embargo, la falta de voluntad de las tropas chinas del Kuomintang para rendirse en lo que era esencialmente una misi\u00F3n suicida afect\u00F3 fuertemente al 1.\u00BA y 2.\u00BA Cuerpo del Ej\u00E9rcito de Hebei Orinetal, entrenados por japoneses, que estaban adheridos al ej\u00E9rcito japon\u00E9s. Cuando las unidades del Ej\u00E9rcito de Hebei Oriental se negaron a presionar el ataque, las tropas japonesas bombardearon sus barracones en la noche del 28 de julio. La medianoche del 28 de julio, unos 5.000 soldados del 1.\u00B0 y 2.\u00B0 Cuerpo del Ej\u00E9rcito de Hebei Oriental se amotinaron, volvi\u00E9ndose contra la guarnici\u00F3n japonesa.\u200B Hay varios puntos de vista sobre la causa del mot\u00EDn del Ej\u00E9rcito de Hebei Oriental: \n* Venganza contra Jap\u00F3n por el mencionado bombardeo.\u200B \n* Las transmisiones de radio de propaganda del Kuomintang les hicieron creer que el KMT hab\u00EDa ganado en el Puente de Marco Polo.\u200B\u200B \n* La conclusi\u00F3n de un acuerdo secreto entre el KMT y el Gobierno de Hebei Oriental.\u200B \n* Indignaci\u00F3n ante la avalancha de drogas respaldadas por el gobierno de Hebei Oriental.\u200B Adem\u00E1s del personal militar japon\u00E9s, unos 260 civiles que viv\u00EDan en Tongzhou de acuerdo con el Protocolo B\u00F3xer de 1901 fueron asesinados en el levantamiento (predominantemente japoneses, incluida la fuerza policial y tambi\u00E9n algunos coreanos \u00E9tnicos). Solo sobrevivieron unos 60 civiles japoneses y proporcionaron a periodistas e historiadores posteriores testimonios de primera mano. Los chinos prendieron fuego y destruyeron gran parte de la ciudad. Los sentimientos antichinos se intensificaron a\u00FAn m\u00E1s en Jap\u00F3n. La consigna japonesa popular en esos d\u00EDas era \"Castigar a China a los escandalosos\" (\u66B4\u623B\u652F\u90A3\u81BA\u61F2) B\u014Drei Shina Y\u014Dch\u014D o su versi\u00F3n m\u00E1s corta en chino: \u66B4\u652F\u81BA\u61F2; en pinyin: B\u014Dshi Y\u014Dch\u014D. Los aventureros militares japoneses estacionados en China utilizaron este incidente para justificar nuevas operaciones militares con el pretexto de proteger vidas y propiedades japonesas en Beijing y sus alrededores. Despu\u00E9s de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, el equipo de defensa japon\u00E9s en el Tribunal Penal Militar Internacional para el Lejano Oriente present\u00F3 la declaraci\u00F3n oficial realizada en 1937 por el Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de Jap\u00F3n como la causa inevitable de los conflictos chino-japoneses, pero el juez presidente Sir William Webb lo rechaz\u00F3 como prueba."@es . "39.8 116.8" . . . . . . "116.8000030517578"^^ . . . . "\u901A\u5DDE\u4E8B\u4EF6"@ja . . . . . "T\u014Dngzh\u014Du Sh\u00ECji\u00E0n"@en . . . . . . "Le nom de mutinerie de Tongzhou (\u901A\u5DDE\u4E8B\u4EF6; pinyin : T\u014Dngzh\u014Du Sh\u00ECji\u00E0n), \u00E9galement d\u00E9sign\u00E9e sous le nom d'incident de Tongzhou d\u00E9signe une attaque men\u00E9e par les troupes chinoises contre les soldats et civils japonais dans le district de Tongzhou. Elle se d\u00E9roula le 29 juillet 1937, quelques semaines apr\u00E8s l'incident du pont Marco Polo, qui avait d\u00E9clench\u00E9 la seconde Guerre sino-japonaise."@fr . . . . . . . . . "39.79999923706055"^^ . . . . . . . . "\u901A\u5DDE\u4E8B\u4EF6\uFF08\u3064\u3046\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3058\u3051\u3093\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u30011937\u5E74\uFF08\u662D\u548C12\u5E74\uFF097\u670829\u65E5\u306B\u4E2D\u56FD\u306E\u901A\u5DDE\uFF08\u73FE\uFF1A\u5317\u4EAC\u5E02\u901A\u5DDE\u533A\uFF09\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u5180\u6771\u9632\u5171\u81EA\u6CBB\u653F\u5E9C\u9EBE\u4E0B\u306E\u4FDD\u5B89\u968A\uFF08\u4E2D\u56FD\u4EBA\u90E8\u968A\uFF09\u304C\u3001\u65E5\u672C\u8ECD\u306E\u901A\u5DDE\u5B88\u5099\u968A\u30FB\u901A\u5DDE\u7279\u52D9\u6A5F\u95A2\u53CA\u3073\u65E5\u672C\u4EBA\u5C45\u7559\u6C11\u3092\u8972\u6483\u30FB\u6BBA\u5BB3\u3057\u305F\u4E8B\u4EF6\u3002\u901A\u5DDE\u5B88\u5099\u968A\u306F\u5305\u56F2\u4E0B\u306B\u7F6E\u304B\u308C\u3001\u901A\u5DDE\u7279\u52D9\u6A5F\u95A2\u306F\u58CA\u6EC5\u3057\u3001200\u4EBA\u4EE5\u4E0A\u306B\u304A\u3088\u3076\u731F\u5947\u7684\u306A\u6BBA\u5BB3\u3001\u51E6\u5211\u304C\u4E2D\u56FD\u4EBA\u90E8\u968A\u306B\u3088\u308A\u884C\u308F\u308C\u305F\u3002\u901A\u5DDE\u8650\u6BBA\u4E8B\u4EF6\u3068\u3082\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u901A\u5DDE\u306F\u5317\u5E73\uFF08\u73FE\uFF1A\u5317\u4EAC\u5E02\uFF09\u306E\u6771\u7D0430km\u306B\u3042\u3063\u305F\u901A\u770C\uFF08\u73FE\uFF1A\u5317\u4EAC\u5E02\u901A\u5DDE\u533A\u5317\u90E8\uFF09\u306E\u4E2D\u5FC3\u90FD\u5E02\u3067\u3001\u65E5\u672C\u304C\u653F\u6CBB\u7684\u76EE\u7684\u306E\u305F\u3081\u5317\u652F\u4E94\u7701\u3067\u884C\u3063\u305F\u83EF\u5317\u5206\u96E2\u5DE5\u4F5C\u306E\u7D50\u679C\u3001\u6BB7\u6C5D\u8015\u304C\u5357\u4EAC\u653F\u5E9C\u304B\u3089\u96E2\u8131\u3057\u3066\u8A2D\u7ACB\u3057\u305F\u5180\u6771\u9632\u5171\u81EA\u6CBB\u653F\u5E9C\u304C\u7F6E\u304B\u308C\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . . "\u901A\u5DDE\u4E8B\u4EF6\uFF0C\u4EA6\u79F0\u901A\u5DDE\u8D77\u4E49\uFF0C\u662F\u7531\u5180\u6771\u9632\u5171\u81EA\u6CBB\u653F\u5E9C\u4E0B\u5C5E\u901A\u5DDE\u4FDD\u5B89\u968A\u7684\u4E2D\u570B\u4FDD\u5B89\u961F\u5458\u906D\u5230\u65E5\u519B\u8F70\u70B8\u60E9\u7F5A\u540E\uFF0C\u4E8E1937\u5E747\u670829\u65E5\u53D1\u751F\u8D77\u4E49\uFF0C\u5E76\u653B\u64CA\u5180\u6771\u9632\u5171\u81EA\u6CBB\u653F\u5E9C\u548C\u5C45\u4F4F\u5728\u901A\u5DDE\u57CE\u5185\u65E5\u672C\u4FA8\u6C11\u5B98\u5175\u6D6A\u4EBA\u7684\u4E8B\u4EF6\u3002 1937\u5E74\uFF0C\u5168\u9762\u4FB5\u534E\u6218\u4E89\u7206\u767C\u540E\uFF0C\u4E0E\u9A7B\u624E\u5728\u534E\u5317\u4E2D\u56FD\u519B\u961F\u53D1\u751F\u4E86\u4EA4\u706B\u30027\u670829\u65E5\uFF0C\u9A7B\u5B88\u5728\u901A\u5DDE\uFF08\u4ECA\u5317\u4EAC\u5E02\u901A\u5DDE\u533A\uFF09\u7684\u901A\u5DDE\u4FDD\u5B89\u961F\u4E0D\u582A\u65E5\u519B\u9A71\u4F7F\uFF0C\u5E76\u4E14\u53D7\u5230\u65E5\u519B\u8F70\u70B8\u60E9\u7F5A\uFF0C\u51B3\u5FC3\u6539\u5F26\u6613\u5E1C\uFF0C\u4E3A\u8868\u660E\u51B3\u5FC3\uFF0C\u5F00\u59CB\u5BF9\u901A\u5DDE\u5F53\u65F6\u7684\u65E5\u672C\u5C45\u7559\u5F53\u5730\u7684\u65E5\u672C\u519B\u961F\u548C\u4FA8\u6C11\u8FDB\u884C\u88AD\u51FB\u3002\u7136\u800C\uFF0C\u901A\u5DDE\u4FDD\u5B89\u961F\u7684\u8D77\u4E49\u5F53\u65F6\u6CA1\u6709\u5F97\u5230\u5B8B\u54F2\u5143\u9EBE\u4E0B\u3001\u99D0\u7D2E\u534E\u5317\u7684\u4E8C\u5341\u4E5D\u519B\u652F\u63F4\uFF0C\u6700\u7D42\u4E26\u7121\u6CD5\u7522\u751F\u8DB3\u5920\u6230\u7565\u5F71\u97FF\u3002 \u65E5\u65B9\u79F0\uFF1A\u901A\u5DDE\u4FDD\u5B89\u968A\u5C0D\u5C45\u7559\u7576\u5730\u7684\u7EA6420\u540D\u65E5\u672C\u50D1\u6C11\u9032\u884C\u8972\u64CA\uFF0C\u767E\u9918\u540D\u65E5\u672C\u50D1\u6C11\uFF08\u636E\u79F0\u591A\u6578\u662F\u8001\u5F31\u5A66\u5B7A\uFF09\u88AB\u6436\u52AB\u3001\u5F37\u59E6\u3001\u51CC\u8FB1\u548C\u6BBA\u622E\u3002\u5728\u8FDC\u4E1C\u56FD\u9645\u519B\u4E8B\u6CD5\u5EAD\u4E0A\uFF0C\u65E5\u65B9\u8B49\u8A00\u79F0\u901A\u5DDE\u4FDD\u5B89\u968A\u7684\u4E2D\u570B\u58EB\u5175\u6BBA\u6B7B\u7D04235\u500B\u65E5\u672C\u50D1\u6C11\u548C\u65E5\u97D3\u6D6A\u4EBA\u3002\u848B\u4E2D\u6B63\u4E8C\u6218\u540E\u51FA\u7248\u7684\u300A\u848B\u603B\u7EDF\u79D8\u5F55\u300B\u79F0\uFF1A\u88AB\u6740\u8005\u5168\u662F\u519B\u4EBA\uFF0C\u662F\u65E5\u672C\u5938\u5927\u4E86\u4E8B\u4EF6\u3002 7\u670830\u65E5\uFF0C\u56F4\u653B\u4E30\u53F0\u5357\u82D1\u7684\u65E5\u672C\u519B\u6740\u56DE\uFF0C\u5728\u897F\u4ED3\u6740\u5BB3\u901A\u5DDE\u767E\u59D3700\u4F59\u4EBA\uFF1B1980\u5E74\u4EE3\u5728\u5DE5\u5382\u65BD\u5DE5\u4E2D\uFF0C\u53D1\u73B0\u4EE58\u53F7\u94C1\u4E1D\u7A7F\u5165\u6BCF10\u4EBA\u9501\u9AA8\u8FDB\u884C\u6D3B\u57CB\u7684\u9057\u8FF9\u3002"@zh . "El Mot\u00EDn de Tungchow (en chino y japon\u00E9s: \u901A\u5DDE\u4E8B\u4EF6; en pinyin: T\u014Dngzh\u014Du Sh\u00ECji\u00E0n; en r\u014Dmaji: Ts\u016Bsh\u016B jiken) a veces referido como el Incidente de Tongzhou, fue un asalto a civiles y tropas japonesas por el colaboracionista Ej\u00E9rcito de Hebei Oriental en Tongzhou el 29 de julio de 1937, poco despu\u00E9s del Incidente del Puente de Marco Polo que marc\u00F3 el comienzo oficial de la Segunda guerra sino-japonesa. Hay varios puntos de vista sobre la causa del mot\u00EDn del Ej\u00E9rcito de Hebei Oriental:"@es . . . "Ts\u016Bsh\u016B jiken"@en . . . "\u041C\u044F\u0442\u0435\u0436 \u0432 \u0422\u0443\u043D\u0447\u0436\u043E\u0443"@ru . . "\u901A\u5DDE\u4E8B\u4EF6\uFF08\u3064\u3046\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3058\u3051\u3093\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u30011937\u5E74\uFF08\u662D\u548C12\u5E74\uFF097\u670829\u65E5\u306B\u4E2D\u56FD\u306E\u901A\u5DDE\uFF08\u73FE\uFF1A\u5317\u4EAC\u5E02\u901A\u5DDE\u533A\uFF09\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u5180\u6771\u9632\u5171\u81EA\u6CBB\u653F\u5E9C\u9EBE\u4E0B\u306E\u4FDD\u5B89\u968A\uFF08\u4E2D\u56FD\u4EBA\u90E8\u968A\uFF09\u304C\u3001\u65E5\u672C\u8ECD\u306E\u901A\u5DDE\u5B88\u5099\u968A\u30FB\u901A\u5DDE\u7279\u52D9\u6A5F\u95A2\u53CA\u3073\u65E5\u672C\u4EBA\u5C45\u7559\u6C11\u3092\u8972\u6483\u30FB\u6BBA\u5BB3\u3057\u305F\u4E8B\u4EF6\u3002\u901A\u5DDE\u5B88\u5099\u968A\u306F\u5305\u56F2\u4E0B\u306B\u7F6E\u304B\u308C\u3001\u901A\u5DDE\u7279\u52D9\u6A5F\u95A2\u306F\u58CA\u6EC5\u3057\u3001200\u4EBA\u4EE5\u4E0A\u306B\u304A\u3088\u3076\u731F\u5947\u7684\u306A\u6BBA\u5BB3\u3001\u51E6\u5211\u304C\u4E2D\u56FD\u4EBA\u90E8\u968A\u306B\u3088\u308A\u884C\u308F\u308C\u305F\u3002\u901A\u5DDE\u8650\u6BBA\u4E8B\u4EF6\u3068\u3082\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u901A\u5DDE\u306F\u5317\u5E73\uFF08\u73FE\uFF1A\u5317\u4EAC\u5E02\uFF09\u306E\u6771\u7D0430km\u306B\u3042\u3063\u305F\u901A\u770C\uFF08\u73FE\uFF1A\u5317\u4EAC\u5E02\u901A\u5DDE\u533A\u5317\u90E8\uFF09\u306E\u4E2D\u5FC3\u90FD\u5E02\u3067\u3001\u65E5\u672C\u304C\u653F\u6CBB\u7684\u76EE\u7684\u306E\u305F\u3081\u5317\u652F\u4E94\u7701\u3067\u884C\u3063\u305F\u83EF\u5317\u5206\u96E2\u5DE5\u4F5C\u306E\u7D50\u679C\u3001\u6BB7\u6C5D\u8015\u304C\u5357\u4EAC\u653F\u5E9C\u304B\u3089\u96E2\u8131\u3057\u3066\u8A2D\u7ACB\u3057\u305F\u5180\u6771\u9632\u5171\u81EA\u6CBB\u653F\u5E9C\u304C\u7F6E\u304B\u308C\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . "The Tungchow mutiny (Chinese and Japanese: \u901A\u5DDE\u4E8B\u4EF6; pinyin: T\u014Dngzh\u014Du Sh\u00ECji\u00E0n; r\u014Dmaji: Ts\u016Bsh\u016B jiken), sometimes referred to as the Tongzhou Massacre, was an assault on Japanese civilians and troops by the collaborationist East Hopei Army in Tongzhou, China on 29 July 1937 shortly after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident that marked the official beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War. There are several views as to the cause of the mutiny of the East Hopei Army."@en . "Tungchow mutiny"@en . . . . . . "\u66B4\u652F\u81BA\u61F2"@en . . "7000997"^^ . . . . . . . .