. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "United States Merchant Marine merujuk kepada marinir sipil Ameriks Serikat, atau kapal-kapal dagang AS milik sipil dan federal. Baik marinir sipil dan kapal dagang diurus oleh campuran sektor pemerintah dan swasta, dan melakukan komersial atau transportasi barang dan jasa di dalam atau di luar Amerika Serikat. Merchant Marine biasanya mentransportasikan kargo dan penumpang masa damai; pada masa perang, Merchant Marine dapat menjadi auksilier untuk Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat, dan dapat dipanggil untuk mengirim personil dan militer untuk militer. Para perwira Merchant Marine juga ditugaskan menjadi perwira militer oleh Departemen Pertahanan. Ini umum dilakukan dengan memasukkan para perwira Merchant Marine ke dalam pada Naval Reserves."@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "United States Merchant Marine merujuk kepada marinir sipil Ameriks Serikat, atau kapal-kapal dagang AS milik sipil dan federal. Baik marinir sipil dan kapal dagang diurus oleh campuran sektor pemerintah dan swasta, dan melakukan komersial atau transportasi barang dan jasa di dalam atau di luar Amerika Serikat. Merchant Marine biasanya mentransportasikan kargo dan penumpang masa damai; pada masa perang, Merchant Marine dapat menjadi auksilier untuk Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat, dan dapat dipanggil untuk mengirim personil dan militer untuk militer. Para perwira Merchant Marine juga ditugaskan menjadi perwira militer oleh Departemen Pertahanan. Ini umum dilakukan dengan memasukkan para perwira Merchant Marine ke dalam pada Naval Reserves."@in . "Marina mercantile degli Stati Uniti d'America"@it . . . . . . "L'United States Merchant Marine est la marine marchande des \u00C9tats-Unis c'est-\u00E0-dire la flotte de navires marchands civils op\u00E9r\u00E9s par le secteur priv\u00E9 ou par le gouvernement f\u00E9d\u00E9ral am\u00E9ricain. En temps de paix, cette flotte transporte le fret ou des passagers mais en temps de guerre, elle devient une flotte auxiliaire de l'United States Navy et peut \u00E0 ce titre \u00EAtre amen\u00E9 \u00E0 transporter des troupes ou de l'approvisionnement pour les forces arm\u00E9es am\u00E9ricaines. Au 1er janvier 2013, la flotte sous pavillon am\u00E9ricain totalis\u00E9 12,321 millions de tonnes de port en lourd et 3 452 navires."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "United States Merchant Marine"@in . . . . . . "United States Merchant Marine"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "200"^^ . . . . . . . . . "United States Merchant Marine"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "United States Merchant Marine"@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "2011-02-28"^^ . . . . . "Die United States Merchant Marine (USMS) wurde 1939 im Rahmen der Bestimmungen des 1936 vom US-Kongress beschlossenen Merchant Marine Act als US-Handelsmarine gegr\u00FCndet. Aufgabe dieser Organisation war es, M\u00E4nner darauf vorzubereiten, als Offiziere und Besatzungsmitglieder in Friedenszeiten auf zivilen Schiffen und in Verteidigungsfall auf Kriegsschiffen der United States Navy ihren Dienst zu tun."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0422\u043E\u0440\u0433\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442 \u0421\u0428\u0410 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. 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"1122877764"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "United States Merchant Marines are United States civilian mariners and U.S. civilian and federally owned merchant vessels. Both the civilian mariners and the merchant vessels are managed by a combination of the government and private sectors, and engage in commerce or transportation of goods and services in and out of the navigable waters of the United States. The Merchant Marine primarily transports domestic and international cargo and passengers during peacetime, and operate and maintain deep-sea merchant ships, tugboats, towboats, ferries, dredges, excursion vessels, charter boats and other waterborne craft on the oceans, the Great Lakes, rivers, canals, harbors, and other waterways. In times of war, the Merchant Marine can be an auxiliary to the United States Navy, and can be called up"@en . . "200px|center" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062D\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La marina mercantile degli Stati Uniti d'America (in lingua inglese United States Merchant Marine) \u00E8 la flotta civile degli USA proprietaria di navi mercantili, gestiti dal governo USA oppure dal settore privato, impegnati nel commercio e nel trasporto di merci. Mentre in tempo di pace \u00E8 competente per il trasporto passeggeri e merci, in tempo di guerra presta ausilio alla marina militare e pu\u00F2 essere chiamata ad effettuare il trasporto truppe e dare rifornimento ai militari."@it . . . "89485"^^ . . . . "307054"^^ . . . . . . . "L'United States Merchant Marine est la marine marchande des \u00C9tats-Unis c'est-\u00E0-dire la flotte de navires marchands civils op\u00E9r\u00E9s par le secteur priv\u00E9 ou par le gouvernement f\u00E9d\u00E9ral am\u00E9ricain. En temps de paix, cette flotte transporte le fret ou des passagers mais en temps de guerre, elle devient une flotte auxiliaire de l'United States Navy et peut \u00E0 ce titre \u00EAtre amen\u00E9 \u00E0 transporter des troupes ou de l'approvisionnement pour les forces arm\u00E9es am\u00E9ricaines. La marine marchande am\u00E9ricaine est un auxiliaire civile de l'US Navy, mais n'est pas un uniformed service (comme le sont les 5 armes des forces arm\u00E9es, le corps de sant\u00E9 ou celui de la m\u00E9t\u00E9o) sauf en temps de guerre, en accord avec le Merchant Marine Act de 1936, les marins sont consid\u00E9r\u00E9s comme du personnel militaire. En 1988, le pr\u00E9sident Ronald Reagan signa une loi donnant aux anciens de la marine marchande qui ont servi durant la guerre le statut de v\u00E9t\u00E9ran, auparavant ils \u00E9taient consid\u00E9r\u00E9s comme de simples civils et ne recevaient aucun des avantages accord\u00E9s aux anciens combattants. Au cours des XIXe et XXe si\u00E8cles, de nombreuses lois furent adopt\u00E9es qui modifi\u00E8rent profond\u00E9ment le commerce maritime am\u00E9ricain. Ces lois mirent fin \u00E0 des pratiques telles que la flagellation ou le shanga\u00EFage et accrurent la s\u00E9curit\u00E9 \u00E0 bord et le confort des marins. La marine marchande am\u00E9ricaine respecte \u00E9galement plusieurs conventions internationales pour promouvoir la s\u00E9curit\u00E9 et pr\u00E9venir la pollution. Le gouvernement f\u00E9d\u00E9ral maintient des flottes de navires marchands via des structures telles que le Military Sealift Command et la National Defense Reserve Fleet. En 2004, le gouvernement f\u00E9d\u00E9ral am\u00E9ricain employait environ 5 % de tous les marins de commerce am\u00E9ricains. En 2006, la flotte marchande am\u00E9ricaine comptait 465 navires avec environ 69 000 marins. 700 navires propri\u00E9t\u00E9 am\u00E9ricaine mais enregistr\u00E9s sous un pavillon \u00E9tranger ne sont pas compris dans ce chiffre. Au 1er janvier 2013, la flotte sous pavillon am\u00E9ricain totalis\u00E9 12,321 millions de tonnes de port en lourd et 3 452 navires."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Die United States Merchant Marine (USMS) wurde 1939 im Rahmen der Bestimmungen des 1936 vom US-Kongress beschlossenen Merchant Marine Act als US-Handelsmarine gegr\u00FCndet. Aufgabe dieser Organisation war es, M\u00E4nner darauf vorzubereiten, als Offiziere und Besatzungsmitglieder in Friedenszeiten auf zivilen Schiffen und in Verteidigungsfall auf Kriegsschiffen der United States Navy ihren Dienst zu tun."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u044F\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E 5% \u0443\u0441\u0456\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0443\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u043E\u0440\u0433\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442\u0443 \u0432 \u0456\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438."@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "United States"@en . "La marina mercantile degli Stati Uniti d'America (in lingua inglese United States Merchant Marine) \u00E8 la flotta civile degli USA proprietaria di navi mercantili, gestiti dal governo USA oppure dal settore privato, impegnati nel commercio e nel trasporto di merci. Mentre in tempo di pace \u00E8 competente per il trasporto passeggeri e merci, in tempo di guerra presta ausilio alla marina militare e pu\u00F2 essere chiamata ad effettuare il trasporto truppe e dare rifornimento ai militari."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"465"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "United States Merchant Marines are United States civilian mariners and U.S. civilian and federally owned merchant vessels. Both the civilian mariners and the merchant vessels are managed by a combination of the government and private sectors, and engage in commerce or transportation of goods and services in and out of the navigable waters of the United States. The Merchant Marine primarily transports domestic and international cargo and passengers during peacetime, and operate and maintain deep-sea merchant ships, tugboats, towboats, ferries, dredges, excursion vessels, charter boats and other waterborne craft on the oceans, the Great Lakes, rivers, canals, harbors, and other waterways. In times of war, the Merchant Marine can be an auxiliary to the United States Navy, and can be called upon to deliver military personnel and materiel for the military. In the 19th and 20th centuries, various laws fundamentally changed the course of American merchant shipping. These laws put an end to common practices such as flogging and shanghaiing, and increased shipboard safety and living standards. The United States Merchant Marine is also governed by more than 25 (as of February 17, 2017) international conventions to promote safety and prevent pollution. As of October 1, 2018, the United States merchant fleet had 181 privately owned, oceangoing, self-propelled vessels of 1,000 gross register tons and above that carry cargo from port to port. Nearly 800 American-owned ships are flagged in other nations. The federal government maintains fleets of merchant ships managed by the United States Maritime Administration. In 2014, they employed approximately 6.5% of all American water transportation workers. Merchant Marine officers may also be commissioned as military officers by the Department of Defense. This is commonly achieved by commissioning unlimited tonnage Merchant Marine officers as Strategic Sealift Officers in the United States Navy Reserve. During World War II, nearly 250,000 civilian merchant mariners served as part of the U.S. military, transporting supplies and personnel. Between 1939 and 1945, 9,521 merchant mariners lost their lives, a per capita casualty rate greater than those of each U.S. Armed Forces branch. The GI Bill Improvement Act Of 1977 P.L. 95\u2013202, granted veteran status to Women Airforce Service Pilots and \"any person in any other similarly situated group\" with jurisdiction granted to the Secretary of Defense, and delegated to the Secretary of the Air Force. Merchant mariners who served in World War II were denied such veterans recognition until 1987 when a federal court ordered it. The Court held that the Secretary of the Air Force wrongfully denied active military service recognition to American merchant mariners who participated in World War II."@en . . . . . . . . "465 ships (>)" . . . . . "\u0422\u043E\u0440\u0433\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442 \u0421\u0428\u0410"@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .