. . . . . . "\u062D\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u064A\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Unix wars)\u200F \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u062D\u062A\u0648\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0634\u063A\u064A\u0644 \u064A\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0648\u0627\u062E\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1980, \u0648\u0628\u062F\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990. \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064A\u064A\u0631 \u0644\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633."@ar . . "Unixov\u00E9 v\u00E1lky byly spory mezi prodejci opera\u010Dn\u00EDho syst\u00E9mu Unix v pozdn\u00EDch 80. letech a ran\u00FDch 90. letech 20. stolet\u00ED o vytvo\u0159en\u00ED standard\u016F pro budouc\u00ED v\u00FDvoj Unixu. Tyto souboje u\u0161kodily tr\u017En\u00EDmu p\u0159ijet\u00ED Unixu a vytvo\u0159ily tak na trhu mezeru, kter\u00E1 umo\u017Enila n\u00E1stup Windows NT.[zdroj?] V ka\u017Ed\u00E9m p\u0159\u00EDpad\u011B znamenala absence BSD-like syst\u00E9m\u016F otev\u0159en\u00FD prostor pro Linux. V 80. letech byly dv\u011Bma hlavn\u00EDmi v\u011Btvemi BSD Unix, kter\u00FD vyv\u00EDjela Kalifornsk\u00E1 univerzita v Berkeley, a UNIX System V, kter\u00FD byl p\u0159\u00EDmo od AT&T. Ob\u011B byly odvozeny z d\u0159\u00EDv\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDho , ale zna\u010Dn\u011B se odch\u00FDlily. I verze ostatn\u00EDch v\u00FDrobc\u016F byly do jist\u00E9 m\u00EDry odli\u0161n\u00E9, i kdy\u017E vych\u00E1zely z jedn\u00E9 z t\u011Bchto dvou hlavn\u00EDch v\u011Btv\u00ED. V roce 1984 skupina v\u00FDrobc\u016F vytvo\u0159ila konsorcium X/Open pro tvorbu ve snaze vytv\u00E1\u0159et kompatibiln\u00ED otev\u0159en\u00E9 syst\u00E9my. Jako z\u00E1klad pro tyto syst\u00E9my byl vybr\u00E1n Unix. Snaha skupiny X/Open zaujala AT&T. Pro zv\u00FD\u0161en\u00ED jednoty Unixu za\u010Dala v roce 1987 AT&T spolu s vedouc\u00EDm prodejcem BSD Unixu, Sun Microsystems, pr\u00E1ci na jednotn\u00E9m syst\u00E9mu (proveditelnost tohoto pl\u00E1nu u\u017E o n\u011Bkolik let d\u0159\u00EDve demonstrovaly Balistick\u00E9 v\u00FDzkumn\u00E9 laborato\u0159e Arm\u00E1dy Spojen\u00FDch st\u00E1t\u016F se sv\u00FDm System V prost\u0159ed\u00EDm pro BSD Unix). Tento syst\u00E9m byl posl\u00E9ze vyd\u00E1n jako \u201ESystem V Release 4\u201C (ozna\u010Dov\u00E1n byl t\u00E9\u017E zkratkou SVR4). A\u010Dkoli tomuto rozhodnut\u00ED z\u00E1kazn\u00EDci a obchodn\u00ED tisk tleskali, n\u011Bkte\u0159\u00ED dr\u017Eitel\u00E9 licenc\u00ED se ob\u00E1vali, \u017Ee bude Sun p\u0159\u00EDli\u0161 zv\u00FDhodn\u011Bn\u00FD. Roku 1988 proto vytvo\u0159ili nadaci Open Software Foundation (OSF). Stejn\u00E9ho roku AT&T a jin\u00E1 skupina dr\u017Eitel\u016F licenc\u00ED odpov\u011Bd\u011Bla zalo\u017Een\u00EDm asociace UNIX International (UI). Technick\u00E9 probl\u00E9my brzy ustoupily do pozad\u00ED zlomysln\u00E9mu a ve\u0159ejn\u00E9mu komer\u010Dn\u00EDmu sout\u011B\u017Een\u00ED mezi dv\u011Bma \u201Eotev\u0159en\u00FDmi\u201C verzemi Unixu, ve kter\u00E9m si X/Open zachovala neutr\u00E1ln\u00ED pozici. V b\u0159eznu roku 1993 hlavn\u00ED \u00FA\u010Dastn\u00EDci UI a OSF vytvo\u0159ili alianci Common Open Software Environment (COSE), \u010D\u00EDm\u017E ukon\u010Dili jedno z nejv\u00FDznamn\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDch obdob\u00ED Unixov\u00FDch v\u00E1lek. V \u010Dervnu AT&T prodala sv\u016Fj unixov\u00FD majetek spole\u010Dnosti Novell a v \u0159\u00EDjnu Novell p\u0159evedl obchodn\u00ED zna\u010Dku Unix na X/Open. N\u00E1sleduj\u00EDc\u00EDho roku se UI a OSF spojily. Nov\u011B zformovan\u00E1 entita si ponechala jm\u00E9no OSF. Roku 1996 se X/Open a nov\u00E1 OSF spojily a vytvo\u0159ily Open Group. Za pr\u00E1ci COSE (nap\u0159. Single UNIX Specification \u2013 sou\u010Dasn\u00FD standard pro zna\u010Dkov\u00E9 Unixy) dnes ru\u010D\u00ED pr\u00E1v\u011B skupina Open Group. Tr\u017En\u00ED reputace Unixu v\u0161ak ji\u017E utrp\u011Bla. Od t\u00E9 doby se \u010Das od \u010Dasu objevuj\u00ED frakcion\u00E1\u0159sk\u00E9 snahy, nap\u0159. aliance HP/SCO z roku 1995 zn\u00E1m\u00E1 pod jm\u00E9nem , \u010Di Project Monterey z roku 1998 mezi IBM, SCO, a Intelem, po kter\u00E9m n\u00E1sledoval soudn\u00ED spor mezi IBM a (d\u0159\u00EDve Caldera Systems)."@cs . . . . . . . "UNIX\u6226\u4E89"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . "1109363699"^^ . . "Unixov\u00E9 v\u00E1lky"@cs . . . . . "UNIX\u6226\u4E89\uFF08\u3086\u306B\u3063\u304F\u3059\u305B\u3093\u305D\u3046\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001UNIX\u30B3\u30F3\u30D4\u30E5\u30FC\u30BF\u30AA\u30DA\u30EC\u30FC\u30C6\u30A3\u30F3\u30B0\u30B7\u30B9\u30C6\u30E0\u306E\u30D9\u30F3\u30C0\u30FC\u9593\u30671980\u5E74\u4EE3\u5F8C\u534A\u304B\u30891990\u5E74\u4EE3\u524D\u534A\u306B\u304B\u3051\u3066\u767A\u751F\u3057\u305F\u5C06\u6765\u306EUNIX\u6A19\u6E96\u898F\u683C\u3092\u5DE1\u308B\u4E89\u3044\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . "\u062D\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u064A\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Unix wars)\u200F \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u062D\u062A\u0648\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0634\u063A\u064A\u0644 \u064A\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0648\u0627\u062E\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1980, \u0648\u0628\u062F\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990. \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064A\u064A\u0631 \u0644\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633."@ar . . . . . "Unix wars"@en . . . . . . . "The Unix wars were struggles between vendors to set a standard for the Unix operating system in the late 1980s and early 1990s."@en . "2007-09-29"^^ . . "Guerras do Unix"@pt . . . "8510"^^ . . "2004-02-18"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "A express\u00E3o guerras do Unix \u00E9 uma refer\u00EAncia \u00E0s disputas, envolvendo fornecedores de sistemas operacionais e ocorridas entre o final da d\u00E9cada de 1980 e o in\u00EDcio da d\u00E9cada de 1990, acerca da defini\u00E7\u00E3o de um padr\u00E3o para o sistema operacional Unix. Acredita-se que estas \"batalhas\" prejudicaram a aceita\u00E7\u00E3o do Unix pelo mercado e criaram uma brecha que permitiu o crescimento do Windows NT. Em 1984 um grupo de fornecedores formou a organiza\u00E7\u00E3o X/Open, com o objetivo de desenvolver um padr\u00E3o para sistemas abertos. Eles escolheram o Unix como a base deste sistema."@pt . . . . . . . "UNIX\u6226\u4E89\uFF08\u3086\u306B\u3063\u304F\u3059\u305B\u3093\u305D\u3046\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001UNIX\u30B3\u30F3\u30D4\u30E5\u30FC\u30BF\u30AA\u30DA\u30EC\u30FC\u30C6\u30A3\u30F3\u30B0\u30B7\u30B9\u30C6\u30E0\u306E\u30D9\u30F3\u30C0\u30FC\u9593\u30671980\u5E74\u4EE3\u5F8C\u534A\u304B\u30891990\u5E74\u4EE3\u524D\u534A\u306B\u304B\u3051\u3066\u767A\u751F\u3057\u305F\u5C06\u6765\u306EUNIX\u6A19\u6E96\u898F\u683C\u3092\u5DE1\u308B\u4E89\u3044\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . "Unixov\u00E9 v\u00E1lky byly spory mezi prodejci opera\u010Dn\u00EDho syst\u00E9mu Unix v pozdn\u00EDch 80. letech a ran\u00FDch 90. letech 20. stolet\u00ED o vytvo\u0159en\u00ED standard\u016F pro budouc\u00ED v\u00FDvoj Unixu. Tyto souboje u\u0161kodily tr\u017En\u00EDmu p\u0159ijet\u00ED Unixu a vytvo\u0159ily tak na trhu mezeru, kter\u00E1 umo\u017Enila n\u00E1stup Windows NT.[zdroj?] V ka\u017Ed\u00E9m p\u0159\u00EDpad\u011B znamenala absence BSD-like syst\u00E9m\u016F otev\u0159en\u00FD prostor pro Linux. V roce 1984 skupina v\u00FDrobc\u016F vytvo\u0159ila konsorcium X/Open pro tvorbu ve snaze vytv\u00E1\u0159et kompatibiln\u00ED otev\u0159en\u00E9 syst\u00E9my. Jako z\u00E1klad pro tyto syst\u00E9my byl vybr\u00E1n Unix."@cs . . . . . . . "The Unix wars were struggles between vendors to set a standard for the Unix operating system in the late 1980s and early 1990s."@en . . . . . . . . . . "A express\u00E3o guerras do Unix \u00E9 uma refer\u00EAncia \u00E0s disputas, envolvendo fornecedores de sistemas operacionais e ocorridas entre o final da d\u00E9cada de 1980 e o in\u00EDcio da d\u00E9cada de 1990, acerca da defini\u00E7\u00E3o de um padr\u00E3o para o sistema operacional Unix. Acredita-se que estas \"batalhas\" prejudicaram a aceita\u00E7\u00E3o do Unix pelo mercado e criaram uma brecha que permitiu o crescimento do Windows NT. Em meados dos anos 1980, as duas fam\u00EDlias mais comuns do Unix eram o BSD, da Universidade de Berkeley, e o System V, da empresa AT&T. Ambos s\u00E3o derivados de uma das primeiras vers\u00F5es do Unix, a Vers\u00E3o 7, mas afastaram-se consideravelmente. (Este conflito \u00E9 algumas vezes chamado de primeira fase das \"guerras do Unix\") Al\u00E9m disso, as vers\u00F5es dos fornecedores para estes sistemas tamb\u00E9m eram diferentes entre si em algum grau. Em 1984 um grupo de fornecedores formou a organiza\u00E7\u00E3o X/Open, com o objetivo de desenvolver um padr\u00E3o para sistemas abertos. Eles escolheram o Unix como a base deste sistema. O X/Open acabou chamando a aten\u00E7\u00E3o da AT&T, que respondeu com um acordo com a Sun Microsystems, a l\u00EDder de ent\u00E3o no fornecimento de sistemas da fam\u00EDlia BSD, para aumentar a uniformidade do Unix e iniciar um trabalho, em 1987, no desenvolvimento de um sistema unificado. Este sistema foi lan\u00E7ado com o nome System V Release 4 (SVR4). Enquanto esta decis\u00E3o foi aplaudida pelos consumidores e pela imprensa especializada, certos fornecedores que licenciavam o Unix temeram que a Sun pudesse receber uma vantagem excessiva. Estes ent\u00E3o, em 1988, formaram a Open Software Foundation (OSF). No mesmo ano, a AT&T e outros fornecedores responderam com a cria\u00E7\u00E3o da UNIX International. As quest\u00F5es t\u00E9cnicas logo deram lugar a uma disputa comercial p\u00FAblica e despudorada pelas duas vers\u00F5es \"abertas\" do Unix, com o X/Open defendendo um ponto de vista intermedi\u00E1rio. Em mar\u00E7o de 1993 os principais participantes da UI e da OSF formaram a alian\u00E7a Common Open Software Environment (COSE), marcando o final efetivo da parte mais significativa da era das guerras do Unix. Em junho, a AT&T vendeu os seus direitos sobre o UNIX para a e, em outubro, a Novell transferiu a marca UNIX para a X/Open. No ano seguinte, a UI e a OSF se fundiram em uma nova institui\u00E7\u00E3o que manteve o nome OSF. Em 1996, a X/Open e a nova OSF se fundiram para formar a organiza\u00E7\u00E3o The Open Group. O trabalho da alian\u00E7a COSE, como a especifica\u00E7\u00E3o Single UNIX Specification, tornou-se o padr\u00E3o para os sistemas Unix licenciados e \u00E9 de responsabilidade do The Open Group. Por\u00E9m, o dano \u00E0 reputa\u00E7\u00E3o do mercado Unix j\u00E1 havia ocorrido. Deste ent\u00E3o, surgiram algumas rupturas ocasionais promovidas por fac\u00E7\u00F5es do Unix, como a alian\u00E7a \"\", entre as empresas HP e SCO, e o , de 1998."@pt . . . . "501636"^^ . . . . . . "\u062D\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u064A\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633"@ar . . . . . .