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"Vaccine resistance is the evolutionary adaptation of pathogens to infect and spread through vaccinated individuals, analogous to antimicrobial resistance. It concerns both human and animal vaccines. Although the emergence of a number of vaccine resistant pathogens has been well documented, this phenomenon is nevertheless much more rare and less of a concern than antimicrobial resistance. Vaccine resistance may be considered a special case of immune evasion, from the immunity conferred by the vaccine. Since the immunity conferred by a vaccine may be different from that induced by infection by the pathogen, the immune evasion may also be easier (in case of an inefficient vaccine) or more difficult (would be the case of the universal flu vaccine). We speak of vaccine resistance only if the immune evasion is a result of evolutionary adaptation of the pathogen (and not a feature of the pathogen that it had before any evolutionary adaptation to the vaccine) and the adaptation is driven by the selective pressure induced by the vaccine (this would not be the case of an immune evasion that is the result of genetic drift that would be present even without vaccinating the population). Some of the causes advanced for less frequent emergence of resistance are that \n* vaccines are mostly used for prophylaxis, that is before infection occurs, and usually act to suppress the pathogen before the host becomes infectious \n* most vaccines target multiple antigenic sites of the pathogen \n* different hosts may produce different immune responses to the same pathogen For diseases that confer long lasting immunity after exposure, typically childhood diseases, it was argued that a vaccine may provide the same immune response as natural infection, so it is expected that there should be no vaccine resistance. If vaccine resistance emerges the vaccine may retain some level of protection against serious infection, possibly by modifying the immune response of the host away from immunopathology. The best known cases of vaccine resistance are for the following diseases \n* animal diseases \n* Marek's disease where actually more virulent strains emerged after vaccination because the vaccine did not protect against infection and transmission, only against serious forms of the disease \n* Yersinia ruckeri because a single mutation was sufficient to generate vaccine resistance \n* avian metapneumovirus \n* human diseases \n* Streptococcus pneumoniae because recombination with another serotype not targeted by the vaccine \n* hepatitis B virus because the vaccine targeted a single site formed by 9 amino acids \n* Bordetella pertussis because not all serotypes were targeted and later because acellular vaccines targeted only a few antigens Other less documented cases are for avian influenza, avian reovirus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, feline calicivirus, H. influenzae, infectious bursal disease virus, Neisseria meningitidis, Newcastle disease virus, and porcine circovirus type 2."@en . 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\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062F\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064A\u062A\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0647\u062F\u0627\u0641 \u062C\u0645\u064A\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0642\u064B\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062D\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062E\u0644\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0647\u062F\u0641\u062A \u0639\u062F\u062F\u0627\u064B \u0642\u0644\u064A\u0644\u0627\u064B \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0636\u062F\u0627\u062A. \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062A\u0648\u062B\u064A\u0642\u0627\u064B \u0647\u064A \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064A\u0648\u0631\u060C \u0648\u0641\u064A\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0631\u064A\u0648\u0641\u064A\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064A\u0648\u0631\u060C \u0648\u062A\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u062E\u0646\u0627\u0642\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0641\u064A\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0633\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0637\u060C \u0645\u0633\u062A\u062F\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0646\u0632\u0644\u064A\u0629\u060C \u062F\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u060C \u0646\u064A\u0633\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0633\u062D\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629\u060C \u062F\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u064A\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0644\u060C \u0648\u0641\u064A\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2."@ar . "\u0639\u062F\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u062F\u062F \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0644\u0642\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062D. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062D (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Vaccine resistance) \u0647\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0643\u064A\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u062D\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063A\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062F\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062A. \u064A\u062A\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062D\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063A\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u062F\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062D\u0627\u062A \u0642\u062F \u062A\u0645 \u062A\u0648\u062B\u064A\u0642\u0647 \u062C\u064A\u062F\u0627\u064B\u060C \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062F\u0631\u0629 \u062C\u062F\u0627\u064B \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062F\u0631\u0627\u064B \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062A (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: antimicrobial resistance). \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0642\u062F\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062A\u0648\u0627\u062A\u0631\u0627\u064B \u0647\u064A \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629: \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062D\u064A\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646"@ar . "Vaccine resistance is the evolutionary adaptation of pathogens to infect and spread through vaccinated individuals, analogous to antimicrobial resistance. It concerns both human and animal vaccines. Although the emergence of a number of vaccine resistant pathogens has been well documented, this phenomenon is nevertheless much more rare and less of a concern than antimicrobial resistance. Some of the causes advanced for less frequent emergence of resistance are that The best known cases of vaccine resistance are for the following diseases"@en . . . . 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\u043C\u043E\u0436\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043F\u043E\u044F\u0432\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043E \u0432\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043D \u0448\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0456\u0432 SARS-Co-2. \u0414\u0435\u044F\u043A\u0456 \u0437 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043D, \u0449\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0442\u044C \u0434\u043E \u0432\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0434\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456: \n* \u0432\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0456\u043B\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438, \u0442\u043E\u0431\u0442\u043E \u0434\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043D\u0456\u0447\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0434\u043E \u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E, \u044F\u043A \u043D\u043E\u0441\u0456\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0435 \u0456\u043D\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438\u043C \n* \u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0432\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043D \u0441\u043F\u0440\u044F\u043C\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0456 \u043D\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430 (\u043F\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0433\u0435\u043D\u0430) \n* \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043D\u0456 \u043D\u043E\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044C \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043D\u0456 \u0456\u043C\u0443\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0456 \u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0436 \u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u041D\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0448\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043A\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0434\u043E \u0432\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043D \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0441\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u043E\u0440\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u044C: \n* \u0445\u0432\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0438 \u0442\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043D \n* \u0425\u0432\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0430 \u041C\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043A\u0430, \u0434\u0435 \u043F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u0432\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0437\u2019\u044F\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0444\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E \u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448 \u0432\u0456\u0440\u0443\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043D\u0456 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043E\u0441\u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0449\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0456\u043D\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0456, \u0430 \u043B\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0439\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u043E\u0440\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \n* Yersinia ruckeri \u043E\u0441\u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0438 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u043C\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0431\u0443\u043B\u043E \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043D\u044C\u043E \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0434\u043E \u0432\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043D\u0438 \n* \u043F\u043D\u0435\u0432\u043C\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0440\u0443\u0441 \u043F\u0442\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043C\u2019\u044F\u0441\u0430 \n* \u0445\u0432\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0438 \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0438 \n* Streptococcus pneumoniae \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0431\u0456\u043D\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044E \u0437 \u0456\u043D\u0448\u0438\u043C \u0441\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u043F\u043E\u043C, \u043D\u0430 \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0430 \n* \u0432\u0456\u0440\u0443\u0441 \u0433\u0435\u043F\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u0412 \u043E\u0441\u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u0454\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0435 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435, \u0443\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0435 9 \u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438 \n* Bordetella pertussis \u0442\u043E\u043C\u0443, \u0449\u043E \u0432\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043E\u044E \u043D\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0456 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u043F\u0438, \u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0437\u043D\u0456\u0448\u0435, \u0442\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0449\u043E \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043A\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u0432\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043B\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u043D\u0430 \u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0435\u043D\u0456\u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0456\u043D\u0448\u0438\u0445, \u043C\u0435\u043D\u0448 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u043E\u043A\u0443\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u2014 \u043F\u0442\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u043F, , Corynebacterium diphtheriae, , Haemophilus influenzae, \u0432\u0456\u0440\u0443\u0441 \u0456\u043D\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0445\u0432\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0438, Neisseria meningitidis, \u0432\u0456\u0440\u0443\u0441 \u0445\u0432\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0438 \u041D\u044C\u044E\u043A\u0430\u0441\u043B\u0430, \u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u043F\u0443 2."@uk . "Vaccine resistance"@en . . . "\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062D"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u8010\u6027\uFF08\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u305F\u3044\u305B\u3044\u3001\u82F1: vaccine resistance\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u6297\u83CC\u5264\u8010\u6027\u3068\u540C\u69D8\u306B\u3001\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u3092\u63A5\u7A2E\u3057\u305F\u500B\u4F53\u306B\u611F\u67D3\u3057\u3066\u62E1\u304C\u308B\u75C5\u539F\u4F53\u306E\u9032\u5316\u7684\u9069\u5FDC\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u3053\u308C\u306F\u30D2\u30C8\u7528\u3068\u52D5\u7269\u7528\u306E\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u306E\u4E21\u65B9\u306B\u95A2\u4FC2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u8010\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3063\u305F\u591A\u304F\u306E\u75C5\u539F\u4F53\u306E\u51FA\u73FE\u304C\u5B9F\u8A3C\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u304C\u3001\u305D\u308C\u306B\u3082\u304B\u304B\u308F\u3089\u305A\u3001\u3053\u306E\u73FE\u8C61\u306F\u6297\u83CC\u5264\u8010\u6027\u3088\u308A\u3082\u9059\u304B\u306B\u7A00\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u61F8\u5FF5\u306F\u5C11\u306A\u3044\u3002 \u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u8010\u6027\u306F\u3001\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4ED8\u4E0E\u3055\u308C\u305F\u514D\u75AB\u3092\u56DE\u907F\u3059\u308B\u7279\u6B8A\u306A\u5834\u5408\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u3067\u304D\u308B\u3002\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4ED8\u4E0E\u3055\u308C\u308B\u514D\u75AB\u306F\u3001\u75C5\u539F\u4F53\u306E\u611F\u67D3\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8A98\u767A\u3055\u308C\u308B\u514D\u75AB\u3068\u306F\u7570\u306A\u308B\u53EF\u80FD\u6027\u304C\u3042\u308B\u306E\u3067\u3001\u514D\u75AB\u56DE\u907F\u306F\u3088\u308A\u5BB9\u6613\u306B\u306A\u3063\u305F\u308A\uFF08\u975E\u52B9\u7387\u7684\u306A\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u306E\u5834\u5408\uFF09\u3001\u53CD\u5BFE\u306B\u3088\u308A\u56F0\u96E3\u306B\u306A\u308B\u304B\u3082\u3057\u308C\u306A\u3044\uFF08\u305F\u3068\u3048\u3070\uFF09\u3002\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u8010\u6027\u3068\u306F\u3001\u514D\u75AB\u56DE\u907F\u304C\u75C5\u539F\u4F53\u306E\u9032\u5316\u7684\u9069\u5FDC\u306E\u7D50\u679C\u3067\u3042\u308A\uFF08\u3064\u307E\u308A\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u306B\u5BFE\u3059\u308B\u9032\u5316\u7684\u9069\u5FDC\u3088\u308A\u3082\u524D\u306B\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305F\u75C5\u539F\u4F53\u306E\u7279\u5FB4\u3067\u306F\u306A\u3044\uFF09\u3001\u305D\u306E\u9069\u5FDC\u304C\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8A98\u767A\u3055\u308C\u305F\u9078\u629E\u5727\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8A98\u767A\u3055\u308C\u305F\u6587\u8108\u3067\u306E\u307F\u8A9E\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002\u305F\u3060\u3057\u3001\u96C6\u56E3\u306B\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u3092\u63A5\u7A2E\u3057\u306A\u304F\u3066\u3082\u5B58\u5728\u3059\u308B\u907A\u4F1D\u7684\u6D6E\u52D5\u306E\u7D50\u679C\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306E\u514D\u75AB\u56DE\u907F\u306E\u5834\u5408\u306F\u3053\u306E\u9650\u308A\u3067\u306F\u306A\u3044\u3002 \u8010\u6027\u83CC\u306E\u51FA\u73FE\u983B\u5EA6\u304C\u4F4E\u3044\u539F\u56E0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6B21\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u3082\u306E\u304C\u3042\u3052\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002 \n* \u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u306F\u4E3B\u306B\u4E88\u9632\u306E\u305F\u3081\u3001\u3064\u307E\u308A\u611F\u67D3\u304C\u8D77\u3053\u308B\u524D\u306B\u4F7F\u7528\u3055\u308C\u308B\u305F\u3081\u3001\u901A\u5E38\u306F\u5BBF\u4E3B\u304C\u611F\u67D3\u3059\u308B\u524D\u306B\u75C5\u539F\u4F53\u3092\u6291\u5236\u3059\u308B\u3088\u3046\u306B\u4F5C\u7528\u3059\u308B\u3002 \n* \u307B\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306E\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u306F\u3001\u75C5\u539F\u4F53\u306E\u8907\u6570\u306E\u6297\u539F\u90E8\u4F4D\u3092\u6A19\u7684\u3068\u3059\u308B\u3002 \n* \u540C\u3058\u75C5\u539F\u4F53\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u5BBF\u4E3B\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7570\u306A\u308B\u514D\u75AB\u5FDC\u7B54\u304C\u8D77\u3053\u308B\u53EF\u80FD\u6027\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u5178\u578B\u7684\u306A\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306B\u3001\u66DD\u9732\u5F8C\u306B\u9577\u671F\u7684\u306A\u514D\u75AB\u304C\u4E0E\u3048\u3089\u308C\u308B\u75BE\u60A3\u3067\u306F\u3001\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u81EA\u7136\u611F\u67D3\u3068\u540C\u3058\u514D\u75AB\u5FDC\u7B54\u304C\u5F97\u3089\u308C\u308B\u53EF\u80FD\u6027\u304C\u3042\u308B\u306E\u3067\u3001\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u8010\u6027\u306F\u767A\u751F\u3057\u306A\u3044\u3068\u4E88\u60F3\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u8010\u6027\u304C\u51FA\u73FE\u3057\u305F\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3082\u3001\u305D\u306E\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u306F\u3001\u304A\u305D\u3089\u304F\u304B\u3089\u8DDD\u96E2\u3092\u304A\u3044\u3066\u5BBF\u4E3B\u306E\u514D\u75AB\u5FDC\u7B54\u3092\u6539\u5909\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u91CD\u7BE4\u306A\u611F\u67D3\u75C7\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3066\u3042\u308B\u7A0B\u5EA6\u306E\u9632\u5FA1\u3092\u7DAD\u6301\u3067\u304D\u308B\u304B\u3082\u3057\u308C\u306A\u3044\u3002 \u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u8010\u6027\u306E\u6700\u3082\u3088\u304F\u77E5\u3089\u308C\u305F\u4F8B\u306F\u3001\u6B21\u306E\u75BE\u60A3\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \n* \u52D5\u7269\u306E\u75C5\u6C17 \n* \u30DE\u30EC\u30C3\u30AF\u75C5\u3067\u306F\u3001\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u306F\u611F\u67D3\u3084\u4F1D\u64AD\u3092\u4E88\u9632\u305B\u305A\u3001\u91CD\u7BE4\u306A\u5F62\u614B\u306E\u75C5\u6C17\u306E\u307F\u4E88\u9632\u3057\u305F\u305F\u3081\u3001\u5B9F\u969B\u306B\u306F\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u63A5\u7A2E\u5F8C\u306B\u3088\u308A\u6BD2\u6027\u304C\u5F37\u3044\u682A\u304C\u51FA\u73FE\u3057\u305F\u3002 \n* \u306F\u3001\u305F\u30601\u3064\u306E\u7A81\u7136\u5909\u7570\u3067\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u8010\u6027\u3092\u7372\u5F97\u3057\u305F\u3002 \n* \u3002 \n* \u4EBA\u306E\u75C5\u6C17 \n* \u80BA\u708E\u30EC\u30F3\u30B5\u7403\u83CC\u306F\u3001\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u304C\u6A19\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306A\u3044\u5225\u306E\u8840\u6E05\u578B\u3068\u7D44\u307F\u63DB\u3048\u306B\u3088\u308B\u3002 \n* B\u578B\u809D\u708E\u30A6\u30A4\u30EB\u30B9\u306F\u30019\u500B\u306E\u30A2\u30DF\u30CE\u9178\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5F62\u6210\u3055\u308C\u305F\u5358\u4E00\u306E\u90E8\u4F4D\u304C\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u306E\u6A19\u7684\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u305F\u3081\u3002 \n* \u767E\u65E5\u54B3\u83CC\u306F\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306E\u8840\u6E05\u578B\u3092\u6A19\u7684\u3068\u3057\u305F\u308F\u3051\u3067\u306F\u306A\u304F\u3001\u5F8C\u306E\u7121\u7D30\u80DE\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u304C\u5C11\u6570\u306E\u6297\u539F\u306E\u307F\u3092\u5BFE\u8C61\u3068\u3057\u305F\u305F\u3081\u3002 \u305D\u306E\u4ED6\u306E\u8A18\u9332\u304C\u5C11\u306A\u3044\u4F8B\u306B\u306F\u3001\u9CE5\u30A4\u30F3\u30D5\u30EB\u30A8\u30F3\u30B6\u3001\u3001\u30B8\u30D5\u30C6\u30EA\u30A2\u83CC\u3001\u30CD\u30B3\u30AB\u30EA\u30B7\u30A6\u30A4\u30EB\u30B9\u3001\u30A4\u30F3\u30D5\u30EB\u30A8\u30F3\u30B6\u83CC\u3001\u4F1D\u67D3\u6027\u30D5\u30A1\u30D6\u30EA\u30AD\u30A6\u30B9\u56A2\u75C5\u30A6\u30A4\u30EB\u30B9\u3001\u9AC4\u819C\u708E\u83CC\u3001\u30CB\u30E5\u30FC\u30AB\u30C3\u30B9\u30EB\u75C5\u30A6\u30A4\u30EB\u30B9\u3001\u304A\u3088\u30732\u578B\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . "\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u8010\u6027"@ja . . . . "1069378092"^^ . . . . . "Resist\u00E8ncia vacunal"@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La resist\u00E8ncia vacunal o resist\u00E8ncia vaccinal \u00E9s l'adaptaci\u00F3 evolutiva dels pat\u00F2gens per infectar i propagar-se a trav\u00E9s d'individus vacunats, an\u00E0loga a la resist\u00E8ncia antimicrobiana. Es refereix tant a vacunes humanes com animals. Tot i que l'aparici\u00F3 d'una s\u00E8rie de pat\u00F2gens resistents a les vacunes ha estat ben documentada, aquest fenomen \u00E9s, tanmateix, molt m\u00E9s rar i menys preocupant que la resist\u00E8ncia als antimicrobians. La resist\u00E8ncia vacunal es pot considerar un cas especial d'escapament antig\u00E8nic, a partir de la immunitat que confereix la vacuna. La immunitat conferida per una vacuna pot ser diferent de la indu\u00EFda per la infecci\u00F3 produ\u00EFda pel patogen. Parlem de resist\u00E8ncia a la vacuna nom\u00E9s si l'escapament antig\u00E8nic \u00E9s el resultat de l'adaptaci\u00F3 evolutiva del patogen (i no una caracter\u00EDstica del patogen que tenia abans de qualsevol adaptaci\u00F3 evolutiva a la vacuna) i l'adaptaci\u00F3 \u00E9s impulsada per la pressi\u00F3 selectiva indu\u00EFda per la vacuna (no seria el cas d'una evasi\u00F3 antig\u00E8nica fruit d'una deriva gen\u00E8tica que estaria present fins i tot sense vacunar la poblaci\u00F3). Per a les malalties que confereixen una immunitat duradora despr\u00E9s de l'exposici\u00F3, normalment , es va argumentar que una vacuna pot proporcionar la mateixa resposta immunit\u00E0ria que la infecci\u00F3 natural, per la qual cosa s'espera que no hi hagi resist\u00E8ncia a la vacuna. I si apareix resist\u00E8ncia a la vacuna, la vacuna pot haver conferit algun nivell de protecci\u00F3 contra la forma greu de la infecci\u00F3."@ca . . . . . . "La resist\u00E8ncia vacunal o resist\u00E8ncia vaccinal \u00E9s l'adaptaci\u00F3 evolutiva dels pat\u00F2gens per infectar i propagar-se a trav\u00E9s d'individus vacunats, an\u00E0loga a la resist\u00E8ncia antimicrobiana. Es refereix tant a vacunes humanes com animals. Tot i que l'aparici\u00F3 d'una s\u00E8rie de pat\u00F2gens resistents a les vacunes ha estat ben documentada, aquest fenomen \u00E9s, tanmateix, molt m\u00E9s rar i menys preocupant que la resist\u00E8ncia als antimicrobians. I si apareix resist\u00E8ncia a la vacuna, la vacuna pot haver conferit algun nivell de protecci\u00F3 contra la forma greu de la infecci\u00F3."@ca . . . "17717"^^ . "\u0421\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043A\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0434\u043E \u0432\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043D"@uk . .