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The Arab Deterrent Force (ADF; Arabic: قوات الردع العربية) was an international peacekeeping force created by the Arab League in the extraordinary Riyadh Summit on 17–18 October 1976, attended only by heads of state from Egypt, Kuwait, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. It decided to transform the 'token' Arab Security Force into the Arab Deterrent Force. A week later, the conclusions of the Riyadh Summit were endorsed and implemented by the Arab League's Cairo summit on 25–26 October 1976. Robert Fisk wrote:

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  • قوات الردع العربية (ar)
  • Interarabische Sicherheitstruppe (de)
  • Fuerza Árabe de Disuasión (es)
  • Arab Deterrent Force (en)
  • Force arabe de dissuasion (fr)
  • Forza Araba di Dissuasione (it)
  • Força Árabe de Dissuasão (pt)
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  • قوات الردع العربية هي قوة دولية لحفظ السلام أنشأتها جامعة الدول العربية في القمة العربية 1976 في العاصمة السعودية الرياض والتي حضرها فقط ملوك وأمراء و رؤساء الدول من السعودية والكويت ولبنان وسوريا ومصر. حيث تقرر تحويل قوة الأمن العربية «الرمزية» إلى قوة ردع عربية. بعد أسبوع أقرت القمة العربية 1976 في القاهرة نتائج قمة الرياض ونفذتها. (ar)
  • Als Interarabische Sicherheitstruppe bzw. Arabische Sicherheitsstreitkräfte wurden unter dem Mandat der Arabischen Liga stehende und aus Militäreinheiten mehrerer Liga-Mitgliedstaaten bestehende Friedenstruppen bezeichnet. Inoffiziell wurden die Friedenstruppen der Arabischen Liga wegen der grünen Farbe ihrer Helme auch als „Grünhelme“ bezeichnet, analog den „Blauhelmen“ der UNO, wobei grün jedoch für eine islamische bzw. arabische Farbe stehen sollte. (de)
  • La Fuerza Árabe de Disuasión (FAD) fue un ejército creado en 1976 por la Liga Árabe para intervenir en la Guerra Civil Libanesa y resguardar la seguridad de ese país tras ella. Estaba formada principalmente por soldados sirios, pero incluía también militares saudíes, sudaneses, suryemeníes y de los Emiratos Árabes Unidos. Su creación fue acordada en las cumbres árabes de Riad y El Cairo en noviembre de 1976.​ El cuerpo armado fue disuelto en marzo de 1983 por el presidente libanés Amin Gemayel, pasando sus cuarteles y edificios al Ejército de Líbano.​ (es)
  • La Forza Araba di Dissuasione (FAD) è stata una forza d'intervento militare creata della Lega degli Stati Arabi e guidata dalla Siria per intervenire in Libano. (it)
  • The Arab Deterrent Force (ADF; Arabic: قوات الردع العربية) was an international peacekeeping force created by the Arab League in the extraordinary Riyadh Summit on 17–18 October 1976, attended only by heads of state from Egypt, Kuwait, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. It decided to transform the 'token' Arab Security Force into the Arab Deterrent Force. A week later, the conclusions of the Riyadh Summit were endorsed and implemented by the Arab League's Cairo summit on 25–26 October 1976. Robert Fisk wrote: (en)
  • La Force arabe de dissuasion (FAD) ou, si l'on veut traduire exactement de l'arabe leur nom original, les Forces arabes de dissuasion, fut créée par la Ligue arabe comme force d'intervention militaire au Liban. Placées sous le commandement formel de la Ligue arabe, ces forces furent effectivement commandées par la Syrie, et rassemblèrent 30 000 hommes dont 25 000 Syriens. En juin 1983, un an après l'invasion et l'occupation d'une partie du Liban par Israël, le président Amine Gemayel ordonna la dissolution des Forces arabes de dissuasion. (fr)
  • A Força Árabe de Dissuasão foi uma força de manutenção da paz internacional criada pela Liga Árabe na Cúpula de Ríade de 17 a 18 de outubro de 1976, com o comparecimento somente dos chefes de Estado do Egito, do Kuwait, do Líbano, da Arábia Saudita e da Síria. Decidiu transformar a "simbólica" Força de Segurança Árabe na Força Árabe de Dissuasão. Uma semana depois, as conclusões da Cimeira de Ríade foram endossadas e implementadas pela Liga Árabe na Cimeira do Cairo em 25-26 de outubro de 1976. (pt)
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  • قوات الردع العربية هي قوة دولية لحفظ السلام أنشأتها جامعة الدول العربية في القمة العربية 1976 في العاصمة السعودية الرياض والتي حضرها فقط ملوك وأمراء و رؤساء الدول من السعودية والكويت ولبنان وسوريا ومصر. حيث تقرر تحويل قوة الأمن العربية «الرمزية» إلى قوة ردع عربية. بعد أسبوع أقرت القمة العربية 1976 في القاهرة نتائج قمة الرياض ونفذتها. (ar)
  • The Arab Deterrent Force (ADF; Arabic: قوات الردع العربية) was an international peacekeeping force created by the Arab League in the extraordinary Riyadh Summit on 17–18 October 1976, attended only by heads of state from Egypt, Kuwait, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. It decided to transform the 'token' Arab Security Force into the Arab Deterrent Force. A week later, the conclusions of the Riyadh Summit were endorsed and implemented by the Arab League's Cairo summit on 25–26 October 1976. As the Lebanese Civil War escalated in 1976, the Arab League created an intervention force composed almost entirely of Syrian forces with token contributions from other Arab states, including Sudan, Saudi Arabia and Libya. Although nominally present at the behest of the government of Lebanon, the force was under the direct command of Syria. The ADF initially consisted of 30,000 troops of which 25,000 were provided by Syria. In late 1978, after the Arab League had extended the mandate of the Arab Deterrent Force, the Sudanese, the Saudis and the United Arab Emirates announced intentions to withdraw troops from Lebanon, extending their stay into the early months of 1979 at the Lebanese governments request. The Libyan troops were essentially abandoned and had to find their own way home (if at all), and the ADF thereby became a purely Syrian force (which did include the Palestinian Liberation Army (PLA)). The ADF mandate was to deter the conflicting sides from resorting to conflict again, including the tasks of maintaining cease-fire, collecting heavy weapons and supporting the Lebanese government in maintaining its authority. Robert Fisk wrote: [...] Since the summer of 1976, the Syrians had controlled the Bekaa Valley. The headquarters of their 'Arab Deterrent Force' was at the Bekaa market town of Chtaura and their troops were billetted all the way up the valley, around the Greek Orthodox town of Zahle - where Cody and I had seen the Syrians and Phalangists cooperating in 1976 - at the airbase at Rayak, in Baalbek, and Hermel. In 1981, the Syrian forces fought the Battle of Zahleh. R.D. Mclaurin wrote '..At the height of the battle, several Syrian Army units, totalling about 20,000 troops, were within an area 10–20 km around Zahleh.' These units included the 35th and 41st Brigades (Special Forces), 47th and 62nd Brigade (Mechanised Infantry), 51st Brigade (Ind. Armoured), and 67th Brigade, of which the last was along the border with Syria, southwest of Medina Sinaia. A year after Israel invaded and occupied Southern Lebanon during the 1982 Lebanon War, the Lebanese government failed to extend the ADF's mandate, thereby effectively ending its existence, although not the Syrian or Israeli military presence in Lebanon. Eventually the Syrian presence became known as the Syrian occupation of Lebanon. (en)
  • Als Interarabische Sicherheitstruppe bzw. Arabische Sicherheitsstreitkräfte wurden unter dem Mandat der Arabischen Liga stehende und aus Militäreinheiten mehrerer Liga-Mitgliedstaaten bestehende Friedenstruppen bezeichnet. Inoffiziell wurden die Friedenstruppen der Arabischen Liga wegen der grünen Farbe ihrer Helme auch als „Grünhelme“ bezeichnet, analog den „Blauhelmen“ der UNO, wobei grün jedoch für eine islamische bzw. arabische Farbe stehen sollte. (de)
  • La Force arabe de dissuasion (FAD) ou, si l'on veut traduire exactement de l'arabe leur nom original, les Forces arabes de dissuasion, fut créée par la Ligue arabe comme force d'intervention militaire au Liban. Quelques mois après l'intervention de la Syrie au Liban le 1er juin 1976 à l'appel des milices chrétiennes, alors que la guerre du Liban s'aggrave, la Ligue arabe, après les sommets de Ryad et du Caire, constitue en octobre 1976, ces Forces arabes de dissuasion auxquelles contribuent des militaires syriens mais également des militaires originaires d'autres pays arabes dont l'Arabie saoudite et la Libye. Le sommet de Riyad entérina cette création, avec l'accord de Soleimane Frangié, président de la République libanaise, et de Yasser Arafat, chef de l'Organisation de libération de la Palestine. Placées sous le commandement formel de la Ligue arabe, ces forces furent effectivement commandées par la Syrie, et rassemblèrent 30 000 hommes dont 25 000 Syriens. Au printemps 1979, la Ligue arabe prolongea le mandat des Forces arabes de dissuasion, mais les détachements libyens (dès 1976), saoudiens, émiratis et soudanais (en 1979) les quittèrent, ce qui renforça la présence syrienne, désormais composée de 40 000 hommes. En juin 1983, un an après l'invasion et l'occupation d'une partie du Liban par Israël, le président Amine Gemayel ordonna la dissolution des Forces arabes de dissuasion. * Portail de l’histoire militaire * Portail du Liban (fr)
  • La Fuerza Árabe de Disuasión (FAD) fue un ejército creado en 1976 por la Liga Árabe para intervenir en la Guerra Civil Libanesa y resguardar la seguridad de ese país tras ella. Estaba formada principalmente por soldados sirios, pero incluía también militares saudíes, sudaneses, suryemeníes y de los Emiratos Árabes Unidos. Su creación fue acordada en las cumbres árabes de Riad y El Cairo en noviembre de 1976.​ El cuerpo armado fue disuelto en marzo de 1983 por el presidente libanés Amin Gemayel, pasando sus cuarteles y edificios al Ejército de Líbano.​ (es)
  • La Forza Araba di Dissuasione (FAD) è stata una forza d'intervento militare creata della Lega degli Stati Arabi e guidata dalla Siria per intervenire in Libano. (it)
  • A Força Árabe de Dissuasão foi uma força de manutenção da paz internacional criada pela Liga Árabe na Cúpula de Ríade de 17 a 18 de outubro de 1976, com o comparecimento somente dos chefes de Estado do Egito, do Kuwait, do Líbano, da Arábia Saudita e da Síria. Decidiu transformar a "simbólica" Força de Segurança Árabe na Força Árabe de Dissuasão. Uma semana depois, as conclusões da Cimeira de Ríade foram endossadas e implementadas pela Liga Árabe na Cimeira do Cairo em 25-26 de outubro de 1976. À medida que a Guerra Civil Libanesa se intensificou em 1976, a Liga Árabe criou uma força de intervenção composta quase inteiramente de forças sírias com contribuições simbólicas de outros Estados árabes, incluindo o Sudão, a Arábia Saudita e a Líbia. Embora nominalmente presente a pedido do governo do Líbano, a força esteve sob o comando direto da Síria. A Força Árabe de Dissuasão inicialmente consistia de 30.000 soldados, dos quais 25.000 eram fornecidos pela Síria. Na primavera de 1979, depois que a Liga Árabe havia prorrogado o mandato da Força Árabe de Dissuasão, as tropas sudanesas, sauditas e dos Emirados Árabes Unidos partiram do Líbano, as tropas líbias foram essencialmente abandonadas e tiveram de encontrar seu próprio caminho para casa (se aplicável), e a Força Árabe de Dissuasão transformou-se assim numa força puramente síria (que incluiu o (ELP). O mandato da Força Árabe de Dissuasão deveria dissuadir as partes em conflito de recorrerem novamente a conflitos, incluindo tarefas de manter o cessar-fogo, recolher armas pesadas e apoiar o governo libanês na manutenção da sua autoridade. Um ano depois de Israel ter invadido e ocupado o sul do Líbano durante a Guerra do Líbano de 1982, o governo libanês não conseguiu prorrogar o mandato da Força Árabe de Dissuasão, terminando efetivamente sua existência, embora não a presença militar síria ou israelense no Líbano. Posteriormente a presença síria tornaria-se conhecida como ocupação síria do Líbano. (pt)
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