Autar Singh Paintal FRS (24 September 1925 – 21 December 2004) was a medical scientist who made pioneering discoveries in the area of neurosciences and respiratory sciences. He is the first Indian Physiologist to become the Fellow of the Royal Society, London. He was a merit student and did his post graduation in physiology from King George Medical College, Lucknow. Paintal completed his PhD under the supervision of David Whitteridge at the University of Edinburgh.