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| - Barmkin, also spelled barmekin or barnekin, is a Scots word which refers to a form of medieval and later defensive enclosure, typically found around smaller castles, tower houses, pele towers, and bastle houses in Scotland and the north of England. It has been suggested that etymologically the word may be a corruption of the word barbican or berm. The barmkin would have contained ancillary buildings, and could be used to protect cattle during raids. (en)
- Barmkin, juga dieja barmekin atau barnekin, adalah kata Skotlandia yang mengacu pada bentuk kandang abad pertengahan dan kemudian untuk pertahanan, biasanya ditemukan di sekitar kastel yang lebih kecil,, , dan di Skotlandia, dan utara Inggris. Telah dikemukakan bahwa secara etimologis kata tersebut mungkin merupakan pengurangan dari kata atau . Barmkin akan memiliki bangunan tambahan, dan dapat digunakan untuk melindungi ternak selama penyerangan. Tempat-tempat yang memiliki barmkins termasuk , Cheshire, , Perbatasan Skotlandia, dan , Midlothian. Barmkin bertahan di di . (in)
- Barmkin, scritto anche barmekin o barnekin, in Scozzese è un termine che indica una struttura difensiva di epoca medievale o successiva. Si trova solitamente attorno a piccoli castelli o casatorri in Scozia e in Inghilterra settentrionale. È stato ipotizzato che etimologicamente il termine possa essere una deformazione di "barbacane" (barbican in lingua inglese). Il barmkin potrebbe aver contenuto gli edifici accessori, e potrebbe essere stato usato per proteggere gli animali da allevamento durante le razzie. (it)
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| has abstract
| - Barmkin, also spelled barmekin or barnekin, is a Scots word which refers to a form of medieval and later defensive enclosure, typically found around smaller castles, tower houses, pele towers, and bastle houses in Scotland and the north of England. It has been suggested that etymologically the word may be a corruption of the word barbican or berm. The barmkin would have contained ancillary buildings, and could be used to protect cattle during raids. In 1535 a Parliament of James V of Scotland enacted that "every landed man dwelling in the inland or upon the borders having there a hundred pound land of new extent shall build a sufficient barmkin upon his heritage and lands in the most suitable place, of stone and lime, containing three score foot of the square, one ell thick and six ells high, for the protection and defence of him, his tenants and their goods in troublesome times, with a tower in the same for himself if he thinks it expedient." Places which had barmkins include Halton Castle, Cheshire, Smailholm Tower, Scottish Borders, and Crichton Castle, Midlothian. The barmkin survives at Hills Tower in Dumfries and Galloway. (en)
- Barmkin, juga dieja barmekin atau barnekin, adalah kata Skotlandia yang mengacu pada bentuk kandang abad pertengahan dan kemudian untuk pertahanan, biasanya ditemukan di sekitar kastel yang lebih kecil,, , dan di Skotlandia, dan utara Inggris. Telah dikemukakan bahwa secara etimologis kata tersebut mungkin merupakan pengurangan dari kata atau . Barmkin akan memiliki bangunan tambahan, dan dapat digunakan untuk melindungi ternak selama penyerangan. Pada tahun 1535, Parlemen James V dari Skotlandia menetapkan bahwa "setiap orang yang bertanah yang tinggal di pedalaman atau di perbatasan yang memiliki tanah seluas seratus pon di sana harus membangun barmkin yang cukup di atas warisannya dan tanah di tempat yang paling cocok, dari batu. dan kapur, berisi tiga puluh kaki persegi, satu ell tebal dan enam ells tinggi, untuk perlindungan dan pertahanan dia, penyewa dan barang-barang mereka di masa-masa sulit, dengan menara yang sama untuk dirinya sendiri jika dia pikir itu bijaksana." Tempat-tempat yang memiliki barmkins termasuk , Cheshire, , Perbatasan Skotlandia, dan , Midlothian. Barmkin bertahan di di . (in)
- Barmkin, scritto anche barmekin o barnekin, in Scozzese è un termine che indica una struttura difensiva di epoca medievale o successiva. Si trova solitamente attorno a piccoli castelli o casatorri in Scozia e in Inghilterra settentrionale. È stato ipotizzato che etimologicamente il termine possa essere una deformazione di "barbacane" (barbican in lingua inglese). Il barmkin potrebbe aver contenuto gli edifici accessori, e potrebbe essere stato usato per proteggere gli animali da allevamento durante le razzie. Tra i possibili esemplari di barmkin si possono elencare il castello di Halton, la torre di Smailholm e il . (it)
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