A black legend is a historiographical phenomenon in which a sustained trend in historical writing of biased reporting and introduction of fabricated, exaggerated and/or decontextualized facts is directed against particular persons, nations or institutions with the intention of creating a distorted and uniquely inhuman image of them while hiding their positive contributions to history. The term was first used by French writer Arthur Lévy in his 1893 work Napoléon Intime, in contrast to the expression "Golden Legend" that had been in circulation around Europe since the publication of a book of that name during the Middle Ages.
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| - Black legend (en)
- Légende noire (fr)
- Lenda negra (pt)
- Чёрная легенда (ru)
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| - Une légende noire est la perception négative d'un personnage, d'une organisation ou d'un événement, résultant de l'accumulation de rumeurs négatives et souvent infondées. Une légende noire ne saurait se confondre avec la vérité historique. Le biais inverse correspond à un ensemble de stéréotypes flatteurs, parfois entourés de mystères et de préjugés, qui nourrissent une « légende rose » ou « légende dorée » à caractère hagiographique. Légende noire et légende rose s'expriment dans des médias sensationnalistes ou dans des historiographies orientées. (fr)
- A black legend is a historiographical phenomenon in which a sustained trend in historical writing of biased reporting and introduction of fabricated, exaggerated and/or decontextualized facts is directed against particular persons, nations or institutions with the intention of creating a distorted and uniquely inhuman image of them while hiding their positive contributions to history. The term was first used by French writer Arthur Lévy in his 1893 work Napoléon Intime, in contrast to the expression "Golden Legend" that had been in circulation around Europe since the publication of a book of that name during the Middle Ages. (en)
- Чёрная легенда — историографический феномен, при котором устойчивая тенденция в исторической литературе предвзятого освещения и введения сфабрикованных, преувеличенных и/или вырванных из контекста фактов направлена против конкретных лиц, наций или учреждений с намерением создать искажённый и однозначно бесчеловечный образ их, скрывая их положительный вклад в историю. Этот термин впервые был использован французским писателем Артуром Леви в его работе 1893 года «Наполеон во времени», в отличие от выражения «Золотая легенда», которое было в ходу в Европе с момента публикации одноимённой книги в средние века. (ru)
- Uma lenda negra é um fenômeno historiográfico no qual uma tendência sustentada na escrita histórica de relatos preconceituosos e introdução de fatos fabricados, exagerados e/ou descontextualizados é dirigida contra povos, nações ou instituições particulares com a intenção de criar uma imagem distorcida e unicamente desumana, enquanto escondem suas contribuições positivas para a história. O termo foi usado pela primeira vez pelo escritor francês Arthur Lévy em sua obra Napoléon Intime, em 1893, em contraste com a expressão "Lenda Dourada" que esteve em circulação na Europa desde a publicação de um livro com esse nome durante a Idade Média. (pt)
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| - A black legend is a historiographical phenomenon in which a sustained trend in historical writing of biased reporting and introduction of fabricated, exaggerated and/or decontextualized facts is directed against particular persons, nations or institutions with the intention of creating a distorted and uniquely inhuman image of them while hiding their positive contributions to history. The term was first used by French writer Arthur Lévy in his 1893 work Napoléon Intime, in contrast to the expression "Golden Legend" that had been in circulation around Europe since the publication of a book of that name during the Middle Ages. Black legends have been perpetrated against many nations and cultures, usually as a result of propaganda and xenophobia. For example, the "Spanish Black Legend" (Spanish: La leyenda negra española) is the theory that anti-Spanish political propaganda, whether about Spain, the Spanish Empire or Hispanic America, was sometimes "absorbed and converted into broadly held stereotypes" that assumed that Spain was "uniquely evil". (en)
- Une légende noire est la perception négative d'un personnage, d'une organisation ou d'un événement, résultant de l'accumulation de rumeurs négatives et souvent infondées. Une légende noire ne saurait se confondre avec la vérité historique. Le biais inverse correspond à un ensemble de stéréotypes flatteurs, parfois entourés de mystères et de préjugés, qui nourrissent une « légende rose » ou « légende dorée » à caractère hagiographique. Légende noire et légende rose s'expriment dans des médias sensationnalistes ou dans des historiographies orientées. (fr)
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