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Burnham and Root was one of Chicago's most famous architectural companies of the nineteenth century. It was established by Daniel Hudson Burnham and John Wellborn Root. During their eighteen years of partnership, Burnham and Root designed and built residential and commercial buildings. Their success was crowned with the coordination of the World's Columbian Exposition (World's Fair) in 1893. The two men met when they worked as apprentice draftsmen in the offices of in 1872. A year later they established their own architecture office and began work by building private residences for the wealthy elite of Chicago's meat industry. Both of them married into wealthy families which allowed them to establish a basis for their business. "Daniel Hudson Burnham was one of the handsomest men I ever s

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  • Burnham and Root (en)
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  • Burnham and Root was one of Chicago's most famous architectural companies of the nineteenth century. It was established by Daniel Hudson Burnham and John Wellborn Root. During their eighteen years of partnership, Burnham and Root designed and built residential and commercial buildings. Their success was crowned with the coordination of the World's Columbian Exposition (World's Fair) in 1893. The two men met when they worked as apprentice draftsmen in the offices of in 1872. A year later they established their own architecture office and began work by building private residences for the wealthy elite of Chicago's meat industry. Both of them married into wealthy families which allowed them to establish a basis for their business. "Daniel Hudson Burnham was one of the handsomest men I ever s (en)
  • Burnham y Root fue el nombre de la empresa formada por John Wellborn Root y Daniel Hudson Burnham, siendo la más famosa del siglo XIX en Chicago. Durante sus dieciocho años de colaboración, Burnham y Root diseñaron y construyeron edificios residenciales y comerciales. Su éxito alcanzó su cima con la coordinación de la World's Columbian Exposition en 1891. Burnham murió en un accidente de coche en 1912, mientras estaba de vacaciones en Alemania.​ (es)
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  • Burnham and Root was one of Chicago's most famous architectural companies of the nineteenth century. It was established by Daniel Hudson Burnham and John Wellborn Root. During their eighteen years of partnership, Burnham and Root designed and built residential and commercial buildings. Their success was crowned with the coordination of the World's Columbian Exposition (World's Fair) in 1893. The two men met when they worked as apprentice draftsmen in the offices of in 1872. A year later they established their own architecture office and began work by building private residences for the wealthy elite of Chicago's meat industry. Both of them married into wealthy families which allowed them to establish a basis for their business. "Daniel Hudson Burnham was one of the handsomest men I ever saw," said Paul Starrett who joined Burnham and Root in 1888 (later he designed the Empire State Building). "It was easy to see how he got commissions. His very bearing and looks were half the battle". While Burnham was the pragmatic designer and impressive salesperson, Root became the creative genius of the company. When Burnham and Root were together, one woman said "I used always to think of some big strong tree with lightning playing around it". Louis Sullivan, the famous architect, called Burnham "a colossal merchandiser" obsessed with building the biggest and costliest structures of the city. The most significant buildings designed by Burnham and Root were built in the late 1880s and early 1890s. That is when Root's designs actually paved the way for modern day skyscrapers. Until then, buildings relied on exterior masonry for support, limiting their height to 12 stories. The invention of steel support beams gave him the possibility to build higher and to add more windows. The Rand McNally Building, completed in 1890, was the first ever steel-framed skyscraper in the world. Another characteristic of his designs that revolutionized modern architecture is his invention of the urban office block floor plan as we know it. As commissions multiplied, Burnham and Root had the opportunity to experiment and refine their style to create an entirely new aesthetic that was free of historical or European influences. Such buildings as the Great Northern hotel (1892), the Argyle and the Pickwick demonstrate Root's singular style. In 1890 Chicago won the competition to host the (1892) World’s Columbian Exposition, celebrating the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus’ discovery of America. John Root was given the important task of coordinating the event. After deciding on the location of the Fair and doing the preliminary plans of the site, he decided that "No one architect should design these buildings, but a number of the best architects in the United States, all working together as one commission." Hence, the greatest architects of the time were invited to participate in the design of the World's Columbian Exposition. Root died in 1891, leaving his greatest project incomplete. Daniel Burnham, despite only having practical experience and no formal training in the field of architecture, was then given the responsibility to finish coordinating the fair. When it opened for six months, from June to November 1893, it was a complete success. The Exposition was home to many innovations, among which the first Ferris wheel, which was the result of a challenge set out by Burnham to design "a structure of comparable ingenuity and novelty." Following his success and the loss of his business partner, Burnham continued to operate under the name D. H. Burnham and Co. The projects begun by Root were completed, including the Masonic Temple in 1892, which was for a short period the tallest building in the world at 22 stories. It is then that Burnham's architectural talent became the driving force of the business, resulting in such iconic buildings such as the Flatiron Building in New York City. Burnham was unable to maintain the architectural progress made by Root, but he demonstrated great versatility in his style. Burnham died in 1912 while vacationing in Germany. (en)
  • Burnham y Root fue el nombre de la empresa formada por John Wellborn Root y Daniel Hudson Burnham, siendo la más famosa del siglo XIX en Chicago. Durante sus dieciocho años de colaboración, Burnham y Root diseñaron y construyeron edificios residenciales y comerciales. Su éxito alcanzó su cima con la coordinación de la World's Columbian Exposition en 1891. Ambos se conocieron trabajando como aprendices en las oficinas de en 1872. Un año más tarde establecieron su propia oficina de arquitectura y comenzaron a trabajar en la construcción de residencias privadas para la élite adinerada de la industria cárnica de Chicago. Ambos estaban casados dentro de familias acomodadas, lo que les permitió establecer una base para sus negocios. Mientras que Burnham fue el diseñador pragmático e impresionante vendedor, Root se convirtió en el genio creativo de la empresa. Louis Sullivan, llamó a Burnham "un colosal mercader" obsesionado por construir las mayores y más costosas estructuras de la ciudad. Los edificios más importantes diseñados por Burnham y Root se construyeron a finales de los años 1880 y principios de 1890, diseños que allanaron el camino para los rascacielos de hoy en día. Hasta entonces, los edificios se basaban en la mampostería exterior como soporte, lo que limitaba su altura a 12 plantas. La invención de vigas de acero de apoyo le dio la posibilidad de construir más alto y añadir más ventanas. El edificio Rand McNally, terminado en 1890, fue el primer rascacielos con armazón de acero en el mundo.​ Otra característica de sus diseños que revolucionó la arquitectura moderna fue su invención del bloque de oficinas tal y como lo conocemos hoy. Burnham y Root tuvieron la posibilidad de experimentar y perfeccionar su estilo creando una estética totalmente nueva que estaba libre de influencias históricas o europeas. Edificios como el Great Northern hotel (1892), el Argyle y el Pickwick demostraron el singular estilo de Root. En 1890, cuando Chicago fue seleccionada para la Exposición Mundial Colombina, celebrando el 400 aniversario del descubrimiento de los Estados Unidos, Root tuvo la importante tarea de coordinar el evento.​ Después de decidir sobre la ubicación de la Feria y hacer los planes preliminares del sitio, decidió que "ningún arquitecto debe diseñar estos edificios, pero si varios de los mejores arquitectos de los Estados Unidos, trabajando juntos como una comisión."​ Por lo tanto, los más grandes arquitectos de la época fueron invitados a participar en el diseño de la Exposición. Root murió en 1891, dejando incompleto su proyecto más ambicioso. Su compañero, Daniel Burnham, a pesar de tener solo experiencia práctica y poca capacitación formal en el ámbito de la arquitectura, tuvo la responsabilidad de terminar la coordinación de la feria. Desde que la exposición abrió las puertas en junio de 1893 hasta su finalización seis meses después, fue un completo éxito. Después del éxito obtenido y tras la pérdida de su socio, Burnham siguió operando la empresa de Burnham y Root bajo el nombre de D. H. Burnham y Co. Los proyectos iniciados por Root se completaron, entre ellos el edificio del Capitolio en 1892, que fue durante un breve período de tiempo, el edificio más alto del mundo con sus 22 plantas. ​ Es entonces cuando su talento arquitectónico se convirtió en la fuerza motriz de la empresa, diseñando edificios emblemáticos como el Flatiorn en la ciudad de Nueva York. ​ Burnham no pudo mantener el progreso logrado por Root en la arquitectura, pero demostró una gran versatilidad en su estilo. Burnham murió en un accidente de coche en 1912, mientras estaba de vacaciones en Alemania.​ (es)
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