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| - The Parliament of the United Kingdom is dissolved automatically five years after the day on which it first met or earlier by the Sovereign by royal proclamation made by virtue of the royal prerogative. The prerogative power to dissolve Parliament was revived by the Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022, which also repealed Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011. By virtue of amendments made by the Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act to Schedule 1 to the Representation of the People Act 1983, the dissolution of Parliament automatically triggers a general election for the next Parliament. (en)
- Parlemen Britania Raya dibubarkan 25 hari kerja sebelum hari pemungutan suara sebagaimana ditentukan oleh Undang-Undang Parlemen Masa Jabatan Sah 2011. Periode Ini dulunya 17 hari dan baru 25 hari efektif untuk pertama kalinya dalam Pemilihan Umum 2015 (7 Mei), yang menjadikan Inggris Raya memiliki periode terpanjang pemilu tanpa Parlemen sejak tahun 1924. Penting, Undang-Undang tidak mempengaruhi kekuasaan yang berdaulat untuk membubarkan Parlemen, di bawah 'ketentuan Tambahan' dari undang-Undang. (in)
- 영국 의회의 해산 (Dissolution of the Parliament of the United Kingdom)은 영국에서 새로운 의회와 정부 출범을 위한 총선에 앞서 기존의 의회를 해산하는 것을 말한다. 의회 해산은 총선일로부터 주말 제외 평일 25일 전에 이뤄진다. 본래 영국 국왕이 행사할 수 있는 고유 권한이었으나, 지금은 명목상의 권리로만 남고 실제로는 총리가 건의하면 받아들이는 방식으로 이뤄지고 있다. 가장 최근에는 2019년 11월 6일 해산이 이뤄졌으며, 2019년 12월 12일 총선이 치러지게 되었다. 예전에는 총선일로부터 17일 전이었으나, 2011년 고정임기 의회법 도입에 따라 2015년 총선부터 선거일 전 25일 해산 규칙이 자리를 잡았다. 당시 영국 정치권은 1924년 이후 89년 만에 가장 긴 기간 동안 의회 없이 지내게 되었다. 하지만 2011년 고정임기 의회법은 별도의 첨부조항에 근거해 국왕의 해산 권한을 해치지는 않도록 설정하였다. (ko)
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| - The Parliament of the United Kingdom is dissolved automatically five years after the day on which it first met or earlier by the Sovereign by royal proclamation made by virtue of the royal prerogative. The prerogative power to dissolve Parliament was revived by the Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022, which also repealed Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011. By virtue of amendments made by the Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act to Schedule 1 to the Representation of the People Act 1983, the dissolution of Parliament automatically triggers a general election for the next Parliament. Members of Parliament cease to be so, as soon as it is dissolved, and they may not enter the Palace of Westminster, although they and their staff continue to be paid until polling day. Parliament is usually prorogued or adjourned before it is dissolved. Parliament may continue to sit for a wash-up period of a few days after the prime minister has announced the date when Parliament will be dissolved, to finish some last items of parliamentary business. After Parliament has dissolved, a royal proclamation is made summoning a new Parliament, fixing the date when the new Parliament is to assemble, and requiring the issuing of writs of summons to the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and writs of election for the members of the House of Commons. If Parliament is dissolved by proclamation, the proclamation dissolving it will usually also summon the next one. While it is the royal proclamation, and subsequent Order in Council, which direct the issue of writs of election, the amended parliamentary election rules direct that a writ is to be deemed to have been received the day after Parliament has been dissolved and that therefore, the general election process can begin before the writ is received by returning officers. The poll for the general election is held 25 working days (a day which is not a weekend, bank holiday or a day of national mourning or thanksgiving) after Parliament is dissolved. By tradition, a copy of the royal proclamation is delivered by hand from the Privy Council Office to Mansion House in the City of London. It is then read out by the Common Cryer (also called Mace-bearer or Serjeant-at-Arms) of the City on the steps of the Royal Exchange in the heart of the City, having been handed to him by the Common Serjeant of the City, ahead of its being also read out in the London boroughs. This tradition was again carried out in May 2017. The last dissolution of Parliament was on 6 November 2019, to make way for the general election to be held on 12 December. Parliament was dissolved automatically due to the expiration of its term for the first time on 30 March 2015, as opposed to being dissolved by royal proclamation. Although provision was made by the Septennial Act 1715 for Parliament to dissolve automatically after seven, and later five years, in practice dissolution was always effected shortly before the end of the five-year period by means of a royal proclamation. Although Prime Minister David Cameron met the Queen on the day of the dissolution, the only business discussed was the calling of the new Parliament, and not a request for a dissolution, as had happened at every such meeting historically, and the subsequent royal proclamation made on 30 March simply called for the holding of the next Parliament. At the 2015 general election, the period between the dissolution of the previous Parliament and the meeting of the new Parliament was the longest period the United Kingdom had been without a Parliament since 1924. In accordance with the provisions of the Early Parliamentary General Election Act 2019, Parliament was dissolved without passing the motion cited under the provisions of section 2(2) of the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011, which was then the default mechanism for dissolving Parliament prior to the expiration of its term. The 2019 Act fixed the polling day for the next general election as 12 December 2019, as if it had under section 2(7) of the Fixed-term Parliaments Act. This caused Parliament to be dissolved by virtue of section 3(1) of the Fixed-term Parliaments Act on 6 November. (en)
- Parlemen Britania Raya dibubarkan 25 hari kerja sebelum hari pemungutan suara sebagaimana ditentukan oleh Undang-Undang Parlemen Masa Jabatan Sah 2011. Periode Ini dulunya 17 hari dan baru 25 hari efektif untuk pertama kalinya dalam Pemilihan Umum 2015 (7 Mei), yang menjadikan Inggris Raya memiliki periode terpanjang pemilu tanpa Parlemen sejak tahun 1924. Penting, Undang-Undang tidak mempengaruhi kekuasaan yang berdaulat untuk membubarkan Parlemen, di bawah 'ketentuan Tambahan' dari undang-Undang. Anggota Parlemen berhenti menjabat, segera setelah dibubarkan dan mereka tidak dapat memasuki Istana Westminster. Meskipun demikian, mereka dan staf mereka terus dibayar sampai hari pemungutan suara. Parlemen biasanya menghentikan sidang sebelum dibubarkan. Parlemen diberi periode untuk membubarkan diri beberapa hari setelah Perdana Menteri telah mengumumkan tanggal ketika Parlemen akan dibubarkan, untuk menyelesaikan beberapa masalah terakhir dari urusan parlemen. Sebuah Proklamasi Kerajaan dibuat untuk membentuk parlemen baru, memastikan tanggal parlemen baru dibentuk, dan membutuhkan pengiriman surat perintah panggilan untuk para Lord Spiritual and Temporal. Di bawah Undang-Undang Parlemen Masa Jabatan Sah 2011, surat perintah dari pemilu sekarang dikirim kepada petugas dari masing-masing konstituen secara otomatis, berdasarkan ketentuan yang terdapat dalam undang-undang (dalam pertimbangan fakta bahwa Proklamasi Kerajaan tidak lagi menyelenggarakan pemilu, tapi hanya pertemuan Parlemen baru). Pemilihan umum harus diselenggarakan 17 hari (tidak termasuk akhir pekan dan hari libur bank) setelah Proklamasi pembacaan masalah parlemen. Menurut tradisi, salinan Proklamasi Kerajaan ini disampaikan dari Privy Council Office ke Mansion House di Kota London. Hal ini kemudian dibacakan oleh Common Cryer (alias Mace-bearer atau Serjeant-at-Arms) di tangga Royal Exchange di pusat kota, yang telah diserahkan kepadanya. Tradisi ini dilakukan kembali di pembubaran terbaru, Maret 2015. Pembubaran parlemen berikutnya pada 3 Mei 2017, untuk membuat jalan bagi pemilihan umum yang akan diselenggarakan pada 8 Juni 2017. Parlemen dibubarkan setelah 2/3 suara mayoritas oleh House of Commons yang setuju, seperti yang dipersyaratkan oleh Undang-Undang Parlemen Masa Jabatan Sah. Tiga puluh Maret 2015 adalah pertama kalinya Parlemen yang pernah dibubarkan secara otomatis, sebagai lawan yang dibubarkan oleh Proklamasi Kerajaan (meskipun ketentuan itu dibuat oleh Septennial Act 1715 bagi Parlemen untuk membubarkan diri secara otomatis setelah tujuh tahun, dan kemudian lima tahun. Dalam praktek pembubaran selalu dilakukan sesaat sebelum akhir dari periode lima tahun lewat Proklamasi Kerajaan). Meskipun Perdana Menteri David Cameron bertemu dengan Ratu pada hari pembubaran, satu-satunya urusan yang dibahas adalah membentuk Parlemen baru, dan tidak meminta pembubaran, seperti yang telah terjadi di setiap pertemuan tersebut secara historis, dan selanjutnya Proklamasi Kerajaan dibuat pada tanggal 30 Maret hanya disebut untuk penyelenggaraan berikutnya Parlemen (dan oleh karena itu penyelenggaraan pemilihan umum). (in)
- 영국 의회의 해산 (Dissolution of the Parliament of the United Kingdom)은 영국에서 새로운 의회와 정부 출범을 위한 총선에 앞서 기존의 의회를 해산하는 것을 말한다. 의회 해산은 총선일로부터 주말 제외 평일 25일 전에 이뤄진다. 본래 영국 국왕이 행사할 수 있는 고유 권한이었으나, 지금은 명목상의 권리로만 남고 실제로는 총리가 건의하면 받아들이는 방식으로 이뤄지고 있다. 가장 최근에는 2019년 11월 6일 해산이 이뤄졌으며, 2019년 12월 12일 총선이 치러지게 되었다. 예전에는 총선일로부터 17일 전이었으나, 2011년 고정임기 의회법 도입에 따라 2015년 총선부터 선거일 전 25일 해산 규칙이 자리를 잡았다. 당시 영국 정치권은 1924년 이후 89년 만에 가장 긴 기간 동안 의회 없이 지내게 되었다. 하지만 2011년 고정임기 의회법은 별도의 첨부조항에 근거해 국왕의 해산 권한을 해치지는 않도록 설정하였다. 해산과 동시에 의회는 정회 내지는 되며, 영국 국회의원의 임기도 종료된다. 또 국회의사당인 웨스트민스터 궁전에도 출입하지 않게 된다. 다만 국회의원 본인과 보좌진의 급여는 총선일까지 계속 지급된다. 한편으로 총리가 의회 해산일을 선언한 후 며칠 간, 의회는 그동안 남아있던 일부 입법 절차를 빠르게 마무리하는 기간에 돌입하게 되는데, 이를 (wash-up period)이라 부른다. (ko)
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