About: Down to the Countryside Movement

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The Up to the Mountains and Down to the Countryside Movement, often known simply as the Down to the Countryside Movement, was a policy instituted in the People's Republic of China between mid 1950s and 1978. As a result of what he perceived to be pro-bourgeois thinking prevalent during the Cultural Revolution, Chairman Mao Zedong declared certain privileged urban youth would be sent to mountainous areas or farming villages to learn from the workers and farmers there. In total, approximately 17 million youth were sent to rural areas as a result of the movement. Usually only the oldest child had to go, but younger siblings could volunteer to go instead.

Attributes	Values
rdf:type	Thing yago:WikicatMaoistChina yago:Abstraction100002137 yago:Attribute100024264 yago:Condition113920835 yago:Energy114050143 yago:GoodHealth114049711 yago:PhysicalCondition114034177 yago:Qi114050559 organisation yago:State100024720
rdfs:label	Moviment Baixar al camp (ca) Movado Alkamparena (eo) Down to the Countryside Movement (en) Gerakan Turun ke Pedesaan (in) Mouvement d'envoi des zhiqing à la campagne (fr) 上山下郷運動 (ja) 하방운동 (ko) Campanha de Envio ao Campo (pt) 上山下乡运动 (zh)
rdfs:comment	Le mouvement d’envoi des zhiqing à la campagne (chinois simplifié : 上山下乡运动 ; chinois traditionnel : 上山下郷運動 ; pinyin : Shàngshān xiàxiāng yùndòng ; litt. « Mouvement Monter à la montagne et descendre à la campagne ») est une politique menée en république populaire de Chine par Mao à l’issue de la révolution culturelle. De 1968 jusqu’à la fin des années 1970, près de 17 millions de jeunes Chinois des villes sont envoyés autoritairement à la campagne, victimes d’un des mouvements les plus radicaux lancés par la république populaire de Chine. Le Parti voulait transformer ces jeunes citadins en paysans pour le reste de leurs jours. On appellera ces jeunes les zhiqing, ou « jeunes instruits » en français. (fr) Gerakan Naik ke Pegunungan dan Turun ke Pedesaan, seringkali disebut sebagai Gerakan Turun ke Pedesaan, adalah sebuah kebijakan yang diberlakukan di Republik Rakyat Tiongkok pada akhir 1960an dan awal 1970an. Akibat dari apa yang ia anggap penyelarasan pemikiran pro-borjuis pada Revolusi Kebudayaan, Mao Zedong memberlakukan agar pemuda kota dikirim ke wilayah pegunungan atau desa pertanian untuk belajar dari para tenaga kerja dan petani di sana. Sekitar 17 juta pemuda dikirim ke wilayah desa sebagai hasil dari gerakan tersebut. (in) 上山下郷運動（じょうさんかきょううんどう）中国語:上山下乡运动とは、文化大革命期の中華人民共和国において、中国共産党中央委員会主席毛沢東の指導によって行われた青少年の地方での徴農（下放）を進める運動のこと。下放はそれまでにも行われていたが、文化大革命以後、都市部の青年層に対して、地方の農村で肉体労働を行うことを通じて思想改造をしながら、社会主義国家建設に協力させることを目的とした思想政策として進められた。この政策は、「農民と労働者を同盟させる」という毛沢東思想を強化し、青年を農村体験で思想教育し、都市と農村の格差も解消するという大規模な実験であった。一方で、青年が修正主義に向かうのを防止し、都市で深刻になってきた失業問題を一気に解決するほか、無職の青少年の勢力が政治的脅威になる前に彼らを都市から追放するという政治的目的もあった。 (ja) 하방운동(下放運動), 줄여서 하방(下放)은 중화인민공화국에서 1957년 이후 상급 간부들의 관료화를 막기 위해서 실시한 운동이다. 중국공산당 당원 및 국가 공무원들을 벽지 농촌이나 공장에 보내 노동에 실제로 종사시키는 일이다. 또 도시의 학교를 졸업한 젊은이들을 변경 지방에 정착시킴으로써 정신 노동자와 육체 노동자간의 거리감을 없앨 수 있도록 하고, 낙후된 농촌 산간 지역을 근대화시키려는 목적에서 실시되었다. 특히 문화대혁명기에 성행하였다. 이 문서에는 다음커뮤니케이션(현 카카오)에서 GFDL 또는 CC-SA 라이선스로 배포한 글로벌 세계대백과사전의 내용을 기초로 작성된 글이 포함되어 있습니다. (ko) 上山下乡运动（简称上山下乡），又稱下放插隊、下鄉插隊、插隊落戶、插队劳动、知青下工、插隊等，是中华人民共和国历史上的一场政治运动，发生于1950年代至1978年、在文化大革命时期达到高潮，期间中华人民共和国政府组织上千万的城市知识青年（简称“知青”）到农村去定居和劳动、“接受贫下中农的再教育”。学术界对此次运动的评价较为否定，但各界评价也存在一定争议。 (zh) El Moviment de Pujar les muntanyes i baixar al camp, sovint conegut simplement com a Moviment Baixar al camp, en xinès: 上山下乡运动; en pinyin: Shàngshān Xiàxiāng Yùndòng, va ser una política instituïda a la República Popular de la Xina (RPX)a finals dels anys seixanta i principis dels setanta, com a resposta al l'anomenat "pensament pro-burgès" durant la Revolució Cultural. Mao Zedong, president del Partit Comunista de la Xina (PCX) durant els anys previs a la revolució cultural, va declarar que alguns joves "privilegiats" habitants de les ciutats serien enviats a zones muntanyoses o poblacions agrícoles per aprendre dels treballadors i agricultors. En total, aproximadament 17 milions de joves van ser enviats a zones rurals. (ca) La Movado Alkamparena, Movado Alkampara aŭ pli poezie (laŭ maoisma stilo) Movado Supre al Montaroj kaj Malsuprena al Kamparo (en ĉina 上山下乡运动) estis politiko instituita en Ĉinio fine de la 1960-aj jaroj kaj komence de la 1970-aj jaroj. Kiel rezulto de kontraŭ-burĝa pensaro valida durm la Kultura Revolucio, Mao Zedong deklaris, ke ia privilegiita urba junularo estu sendata al montaraj areoj aŭ farmaj vilaĝoj por lerni el laboristoj kaj farmistoj tie. Reloĝigo en la kamparo, nome ĉaduiluĉu (插队落户) estis pli permanenta formo. (eo) The Up to the Mountains and Down to the Countryside Movement, often known simply as the Down to the Countryside Movement, was a policy instituted in the People's Republic of China between mid 1950s and 1978. As a result of what he perceived to be pro-bourgeois thinking prevalent during the Cultural Revolution, Chairman Mao Zedong declared certain privileged urban youth would be sent to mountainous areas or farming villages to learn from the workers and farmers there. In total, approximately 17 million youth were sent to rural areas as a result of the movement. Usually only the oldest child had to go, but younger siblings could volunteer to go instead. (en) Campanha de Envio ao Campo (chinês simplificado: 上山下乡运动) foi uma política instituída na República Popular da China no final da década de 1960 e início dos anos 1970. Como resultado do pensamento anti-burguesia predominante durante a Revolução Cultural, Mao Tse-tung declarou que certos jovens urbanos privilegiados (Zhiqing) seriam enviados para as zonas montanhosas ou aldeias agrícolas, a fim de aprenderem com os trabalhadores e camponeses dali. No total, aproximadamente 17 milhões de jovens foram enviados para áreas rurais como resultado do movimento. (pt)
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dcterms:subject	Maoist terminology Social movements in China Cultural Revolution Maoist China Sent-down youths
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Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	President of the People's Republic of China National College Entrance Examination Maoist terminology Little Red Book Social movements in China Cultural Revolution Privilege (social inequality) General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Great Chinese Famine Great Leap Forward Liu Shaoqi Liu Xiaobo Ma Bo Zhang Chengzhi Jiang Rong Cultural Revolution Dai Sijie Exile Financial Times Maoist China Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress Cow demons and snake spirits Chairman of the Communist Party of China China Mao Zedong Inner Mongolia Red Guards Sent-down youths Sent-down youth Shenyang Xi Jinping Scar literature Political prisoners in China Reform through labor dbr:China's_Lost_Generation
Link from a Wikipage to an external page	http://www.uptothemountain.com/index.html https://chineseposters.net/themes/up-to-the-mountains.php https://www.fulcrum.org/epubs/9019s346v https://archive.org/details/chinasince19490000bens/page/38 https://archive.org/details/peopleschina00crai https://archive.org/details/peopleschina00crai/page/199 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=GO5HrrJC_aMC&pg=PA60 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=J5QbQpQTegwC&dq=Monsters+and+Demons+campaign+People's+Republic+of+China&pg=PA427 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=ZqpJqYEO4eAC https://www.ft.com/content/3d2ba75c-1fdf-11e3-8861-00144feab7de
sameAs	Down to the Countryside Movement Down to the Countryside Movement Down to the Countryside Movement Down to the Countryside Movement Down to the Countryside Movement Down to the Countryside Movement Down to the Countryside Movement Down to the Countryside Movement Down to the Countryside Movement Down to the Countryside Movement Down to the Countryside Movement Down to the Countryside Movement Down to the Countryside Movement Down to the Countryside Movement Down to the Countryside Movement Down to the Countryside Movement Down to the Countryside Movement
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