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Cartography throughout the 14th-16th centuries played a significant role in the expansion of the kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula for a multitude of reasons. Primarily, the maps developed during this period served as navigational tools for maritime folk such as explorers, sailors and navigators. Mostly the expansion of the Crown of Aragon (which included the Kingdom of Aragon, Kingdom of Valencia and Kingdom of Majorca, together with the Principality of Catalonia, all its territories with seashore on the Mediterranean Sea. The Crown of Aragon controlled the routes across the Mediterranean Sea from the Kingdom of Jerusalem to Europe, as part of the commercial-trade route known as the Silk Road.

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  • Iberian cartography, 1400–1600 (en)
  • Cartografia iberica (1400–1600) (it)
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  • Cartography throughout the 14th-16th centuries played a significant role in the expansion of the kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula for a multitude of reasons. Primarily, the maps developed during this period served as navigational tools for maritime folk such as explorers, sailors and navigators. Mostly the expansion of the Crown of Aragon (which included the Kingdom of Aragon, Kingdom of Valencia and Kingdom of Majorca, together with the Principality of Catalonia, all its territories with seashore on the Mediterranean Sea. The Crown of Aragon controlled the routes across the Mediterranean Sea from the Kingdom of Jerusalem to Europe, as part of the commercial-trade route known as the Silk Road. (en)
  • I regni iberici dovettero alla cartografia molto del successo di cui godettero durante la cosiddetta "Età delle scoperte". In proposito è stato evidenziato come la cartografia sia stata importante nel permettere il dominio europeo sul mondo. (it)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fernão_Vaz_Dourado_1571-1.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Imperi_de_la_Corona_d'Aragó.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gutiérrez,_the_Americas,_1562.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Brazil_16thc_map.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jorge_Aguiar_1492_MR.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1375_Atlas_Catalan_Abraham_Cresques.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/TO_map.gif
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  • Cartography throughout the 14th-16th centuries played a significant role in the expansion of the kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula for a multitude of reasons. Primarily, the maps developed during this period served as navigational tools for maritime folk such as explorers, sailors and navigators. Mostly the expansion of the Crown of Aragon (which included the Kingdom of Aragon, Kingdom of Valencia and Kingdom of Majorca, together with the Principality of Catalonia, all its territories with seashore on the Mediterranean Sea. The Crown of Aragon controlled the routes across the Mediterranean Sea from the Kingdom of Jerusalem to Europe, as part of the commercial-trade route known as the Silk Road. They were used to make the travel occurring at the time easier by eliminating the unnecessary resources spent when the most efficient route was not taken, and after things such as wind patterns and latitude and longitude began to appear on maps. they made maritime activities such as exploration or conquest less time- and resource-consuming. Maps were also used as a method to plan out landmasses by surveyors in areas that had yet to be explored or did not have many documented statistics. This often was the case in the Americas, where the Iberian empires did not start off with much documented evidence of the landmasses. Even still, oftentimes before the availability of maps began to increase, they were used as decorative pieces that were commonly gifted to individuals of very high social status such as kings or popes. Those particular maps frequently had descriptive legends, which usually consisted of drawings being integrated into the actual map. An example of such a map would be the heavily decorated Catalan Atlas, which was produced in 1375. It was used as a gift to the King of France from the King of the Crown of Aragon. One other purpose behind maps was propaganda, and in those circumstances they were used to possibly distort or falsify information. The Dutch used a particular map, which was known as the 'Christian knight map' for this purpose during their struggle for independence against Spain. In relation to both Spain and Portugal and their influences on each other in terms of cartography, there was one very significant and fairly obvious example that began to develop in the 15th century. The Portuguese had begun to use scales of latitude on their nautical charts, and once Portuguese cosmographers were being recruited by the Crown of Castile, the same lines began to appear on Spanish charts as well, which eventually developed into what is known as a plane chart. (en)
  • I regni iberici dovettero alla cartografia molto del successo di cui godettero durante la cosiddetta "Età delle scoperte". In proposito è stato evidenziato come la cartografia sia stata importante nel permettere il dominio europeo sul mondo. Anzitutto, le mappe sviluppate durante questo periodo servivano come strumenti di navigazione. Principalmente l'espansione della Corona d'Aragona (che comprendeva Regno d'Aragona, Regno di Valencia e Regno di Maiorca, insieme al Principato di Catalogna, tutti i suoi territori con riviera sul Mar Mediterraneo. La Corona d'Aragona controllava le rotte attraverso il Mar Mediterraneo dal Regno di Gerusalemme verso l'Europa, come parte della rotta commerciale nota come Via della seta. Sono stati usati per rendere più facile il viaggio che si verificava in quel momento, eliminando le risorse inutili spese quando non veniva preso il percorso più efficiente e dopo che cose come i modelli del vento e la latitudine e la longitudine cominciavano ad apparire sulle mappe. hanno reso le attività marittime come l'esplorazione o la conquista meno dispendiose in termini di tempo e risorse. Le mappe sono state utilizzate anche come metodo per pianificare le masse continentali dai topografi in aree che dovevano ancora essere esplorate o non avevano molte statistiche documentate. Questo era spesso il caso delle Americhe, dove gli imperi iberici non iniziarono con prove molto documentate delle masse continentali. Una carta nautica pre-Mercator del 1571, del cartografo portoghese Fernão Vaz Dourado (c. 1520–1580). Appartiene al cosiddetto modello di grafico aereo, in cui le latitudini e le direzioni magnetiche osservate sono tracciate direttamente nel piano, con una scala costante, come se la Terra fosse piana (Archivio Nazionale Portoghese di Torre do Tombo, Lisbona). Anche ancora, spesso prima che la disponibilità di mappe iniziasse ad aumentare, venivano usate come pezzi decorativi che venivano comunemente donati a individui di status sociale molto elevato come re o papi. Quelle mappe particolari avevano spesso leggende descrittive, che di solito consistevano in disegni integrati nella mappa reale. Un esempio di tale mappa sarebbe il c.d. "Atlante catalano", riccamente decorato, del 1375, donato al Re di Francia dal Re d'Aragona. Un altro scopo dietro le mappe era la propaganda, e in quelle circostanze venivano usate per distorcere o falsificare le informazioni. Gli olandesi usarono una mappa particolare, conosciuta come la "mappa del cavaliere cristiano", durante la c.d. "Rivolta dei pezzenti" contro la Spagna. In relazione sia alla Spagna che al Portogallo e alle loro influenze reciproche in termini di cartografia, c'è stato un esempio molto significativo e abbastanza ovvio che ha iniziato a svilupparsi nel XV secolo. I portoghesi avevano iniziato a utilizzare scale di latitudine sulle loro carte nautiche, e una volta che i cosmografi portoghesi furono reclutati dalla Corona di Castiglia, le stesse linee iniziarono ad apparire anche sulle carte spagnole, che alla fine si svilupparono in quella che è nota come carta aeronautica. (it)
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